impose 利用；欺騙
Example: To work, ARC imposes some new rules that are not present when using other compiler modes.
Text Programming Guide for iOS
tremendous [tr?'mend?s] adj. 極大的告组；驚人的煤伟；
Example: The text system in iOS provides a tremendous amount of power while still being very simple to use.
disposal [d?'sp??z(?)l] n. 處理；支配木缝；清理便锨；安排
Example: The resources at your disposal range from framework objects—such as text views, text fields, and web views—to text layout engines that you can use directly to draw, lay out, and otherwise manage text.
Color Management Overview
trichromatic [,tra?kr?'m?t?k] adj. 三色的；三原色的我碟；
capacity [k?'p?s?t?] n. 能力鸿秆；容量；
stimulus ['st?mj?l?s] n. 刺激怎囚；激勵(lì)；刺激物
spectrum ['spektr?m] n. 光譜；范圍恳守；
Example: The foundation of the color reproduction process is trichromatic color vision, which describes the capacity of the human eye to respond equally to two or more sets of stimuli having different visible spectra.
Memory Management Programming Guide for Core Foundation
circumstance [?s?:k?mst?ns] n. 環(huán)境考婴，情況；事件催烘；
critically ['kr?t?kl?] adv. 精密地沥阱；危急地；
Example: Most of the time the endian format of your computer can be safely ignored, but in certain circumstances it becomes critically important.
Advanced Memory Management Programming Guide
in case 萬(wàn)一伊群；假使考杉；
inadvertently [,?n?d'v??t(?)ntl?] adv. 不經(jīng)意地；非故意地舰始；
Example: You must send this after [newObj retain] in case the two are the same object, you don’t want to inadvertently cause it to be deallocated.
instructive adj. 有益的崇棠；教育性的
Example: The property declares two accessor methods. Typically, you should ask the compiler to synthesize the methods; however, it’s instructive to see how they might be implemented.
tedious ['ti?d??s] adj. 沉悶的；冗長(zhǎng)乏味的
pedantic [p?'d?nt?k] adj. 迂腐的丸卷；學(xué)究式的枕稀；
considerably [k?n's?d(?)r?bl?] adv. 相當(dāng)?shù)兀环浅５?Example: Sometimes it might seem tedious or pedantic, but if you use accessor methods consistently, the chances of having problems with memory management decrease considerably.
relinquish [r?'l??kw??] vt. 放棄谜嫉；放手萎坷；
Example: You must also make sure you then relinquish ownership of any currently-held value.
claim vt. 要求；聲稱沐兰；需要
Example: You must therefore claim ownership of the object when it is set.
reliable [r?'la??b(?)l] adj. 可靠的哆档；可信賴的
robust [r?(?)'b?st] adj. 強(qiáng)健的；健康的住闯；粗野的瓜浸；粗魯?shù)?Example: Although the fundamental concepts described in Memory Management Policy are straightforward, there are some practical steps you can take to make managing memory easier, and to help to ensure your program remains reliable and robust while at the same time minimizing its resource requirements.
convention [k?n'ven?(?)n] n. 約定；習(xí)俗寞秃；大會(huì)
Example: Cocoa uses a straightforward naming convention to indicate when you own an object returned by a method.
counterproductive [,ka?nt?pr?'d?kt?v] adj. 使達(dá)不到預(yù)期目標(biāo)的
in term of 依據(jù)斟叼，按照；在…方面
Example: Thinking about memory management from the perspective of reference counting, however, is frequently counterproductive, because you tend to consider memory management in terms of the implementation details rather than in terms of your actual goals. Instead, you should think of memory management from the perspective of object ownership and object graphs.
conjunction [k?n'd???k??n] n. 結(jié)合春寿；[語(yǔ)] 連接詞朗涩；同時(shí)發(fā)生
Example: This is implemented using a model, known as reference counting, that the Foundation class NSObject provides in conjunction with the runtime environment.
Drawing and Printing Guide for iOS
irrelevant [?'rel?v(?)nt] adj. 不相干的；不切題的
Example: The purpose of using points (and the logical coordinate system) is to provide a consistent size of output that is device independent. For most purposes, the actual size of a point is irrelevant. The goal of points is to provide a relatively consistent scale that you can use in your code to specify the size and position of views and rendered content.
gather ['g?e?] n. 收集绑改；使...聚集谢床；
Example: however, by gathering the update requests you make and delivering them to your drawing code at the most appropriate time.
confine [k?n'fa?n] n. 約束；限制厘线；邊界
Example: In iOS, all drawing to the screen occurs within the confines of an instance of the UIView class or a subclass thereof.
take ... into account 將...考慮進(jìn)去
Example: Your tasks include providing specially named high-resolution images and modifying your layer- and image-related code to take the current scale factor into account.
superimpose [,sup?r?m'poz] vt. 添加识腿；重疊；
Example: If you need to combine standard UI elements with custom drawing, consider using a Core Animation layer to superimpose a custom view with a standard view so that you draw as little as possible.
immersive [?'m?s?v] adj. 擬真的造壮；沉浸式的;
extensive [?k'st?ns?v] adj. 廣泛的渡讼；大量的骂束；
Example: Although immersive apps typically make extensive use of custom drawing code, utility and productivity apps can often use standard views and controls to display their content.
View Programming Guide for iOS
incorporate [?n'k??p?re?t] 包含； 嵌入成箫；吸收展箱；合并
Example: If you prefer to work primarily with layer objects instead of views, you can incorporate custom layer objects into your view hierarchy as needed.
preserve [pr?'z??v] vt. 保存；保護(hù)蹬昌；維持
Example: You then save those live objects in a nib file, which is a resource file that preserves the state and configuration of your objects.
participate [pɑ?'t?s?pe?t] vt. 參與混驰；參加
Example: A view participates in the responder chain.
retrofit ['retr??f?t] vt. 改進(jìn)；更新
Example: If you are retrofitting a project to use Interface Builder, creating a window using Interface Builder is a simple matter of dragging a window object to your nib file.
template ['temple?t] n. 模板皂贩；范本
Example: In addition, these templates also define an outlet for that window in the application delegate object. You use this outlet to access the window object in your code.
facilitate [f?'s?l?te?t] vt. 促進(jìn)栖榨；幫助；使容易
Example: It works with your application’s view controllers to facilitate orientation changes.
facility [f?'s?l?ti] adj. 設(shè)施明刷；設(shè)備
Example: These classes provide sophisticated facilities for managing the layout and presentation of views.
sufficient [s?'f??(?)nt] adj. 足夠的婴栽；充分的
Example: In places where the standard view animations are not sufficient, you can use Core Animation.
constitute vt. 組成；構(gòu)成
reconstitute [ri?'k?nst?tju?t] vt. 重建遮精；重組
Example: When you load a nib file at runtime, the objects inside it are reconstituted into actual objects that your code can then manipulate programmatically.
assemble [?'semb(?)l] vt. 集合居夹；聚集；
Example: Using Interface Builder, you assemble your views and place them in a nib file, which is a resource file that stores a freeze-dried version of your views and other objects.
portion ['p???(?)n] n. 部分
Example: Views define a portion of a window that you want to fill with some content.
Objective-C Runtime Programming Guide
disparate ['d?sp?r?t] adj. 不同的本冲；不相干的
compose 組成准脂；構(gòu)成
decompose [,dik?m'poz] vt. 分解
Example: Forwarding, on the other hand, assigns separate responsibilities to disparate objects. It decomposes problems into smaller objects, but associates those objects in a way that’s transparent to the message sender.
cumbersome ['k?mb?s(?)m] adj. 笨重的；累贅的檬洞；難處理的
Example: This way of doing things could get a little cumbersome, especially if there were a number of messages you wanted your object to pass on to the other object.
announce [?'na?ns] vt. 宣布狸膏；預(yù)示
Example: However, before announcing the error, the runtime system gives the receiving object a second chance to handle the message.
circumvent [,s?k?m'v?nt] v. 規(guī)避；包圍添怔；繞過(guò)
Example: It then explains how you can take advantage of objc_msgSend, and how—if you need to—you can circumvent dynamic binding.
introspection ['?ntr?'sp?k??n] n. 內(nèi)释宕痢；反使懔稀（自檢）
Example: Some of the NSObject methods simply query the runtime system for information. These methods allow objects to perform introspection.
principle ['pr?ns?pl] n. 原理砾脑，原則
principal ['pr?ns?pl] adj. 主要的；資本的
Example: The principal runtime function is the one that sends messages, as described in Messaging.
scene [sin] n. 場(chǎng)景
material [m?'t?r??l] n. 材料艾杏，物質(zhì)韧衣；adj . 重要的，物質(zhì)的购桑，實(shí)質(zhì)性的
Example: Typically, though, there should be little reason for you to need to know and understand this material to write a Cocoa application.
paradigm ['p?r?'da?m] 范例
Example: In particular, it examines the paradigms for dynamically loading new classes at runtime, and forwarding messages to other objects.
defer [d?'f?] 推遲畅铭；延期
Example: The Objective-C language defers as many decisions as it can from compile time and link time to runtime.
Core Image Programming Guide
redundant [r?'d?nd?nt] 多余的；累贅的
Example: If so, it automatically concatenates multiple “recipes” and organizes them to eliminate redundant operations, so that each pixel is processed only once rather than many times.
integration ['?nt?'gre??n] 集合勃蜘；綜合
workflow 工作流
Example: To apply filters and display or export results, you can make use of the integration between Core Image and other system frameworks, or create your own rendering workflow with the CIContext class.
Image I/O Programming Guide
palette ['p?l?t] 調(diào)色板
portable ['p?rt?bl] 手提的硕噩；輕便的
lossless 無(wú)損的
lossy 有損的
compress 壓縮
raster image 光柵圖
Example: This document describes PNG (Portable Network Graphics), an extensible file format for the lossless, portable, well-compressed storage of raster images.
chunk [t???k] 數(shù)據(jù)塊
Example: The frame speed data and extra animation frames are stored in extra chunks (as provided for by the original PNG specification).
saturation ['s?t??'re??n] 飽和度
exposure [?k'spo??] 曝光
Example: For example, if your application allows users to add keywords to images or change saturation, exposure, or other values, you’ll want to save that information in the options dictionary.
extract ['?kstr?kt] 提取缭贡；取出
Example: "Creating and Using Image Sources" shows how to create an image source, create an image from it, and extract properties for display in the user interface.
Concurrency Programming Guide
intensive [?n't?ns?v] 加強(qiáng)的炉擅；集中的
Example: For example, games and other graphics-intensive applications might use timers to initiate screen or animation updates.
compatibility [k?m,p?t?'b?l?ti] 兼容性
Example: For more information about the compatibility of dispatch queues with threads, see Compatibility with POSIX Threads.
akin [?'k?n] 類似的辉懒；同類的
resemble [r?'z?mbl] 類似，像
Example: Although they might seem akin to function pointers, a block is actually represented by an underlying data structure that resembles an object and is created and managed for you by the compiler.
interlace 交織坑资，交錯(cuò)
interleave 交錯(cuò)
Example: This queue works with the application’s run loop (if one is present) to interleave the execution of queued tasks with the execution of other event sources attached to the run loop.
holistic [ho'l?st?k] 整體的耗帕；全盤的
Example: Dispatch queues offer automatic and holistic thread pool management.
comprise [k?m'pra?z] 包含；由...組成
tweak 微調(diào)袱贮；對(duì)...稍作調(diào)整
Example: This chapter takes a look at the technologies that comprise this solution and the design tweaks you can make to your code to take advantage of them.
accommodate [?'kɑm?det] 容納；適應(yīng)体啰；調(diào)解
Example: The amount of work performed by a single application also needs to be able to scale dynamically to accommodate changing system conditions.
summarize ['s?m?ra?z] 總結(jié)攒巍；綜述
Example: So, to summarize the problem, there needs to be a way for applications to take advantage of a variable number of computer cores.
approach [?'prot?] 途徑；方法
Example: Both OS X and iOS adopt a more asynchronous approach to the execution of concurrent tasks than is traditionally found in thread-based systems and applications.
fraction 小部分荒勇；稍微
Example: If an application has a lot of work to do but keeps only a fraction of the available cores occupied, those extra processing resources are wasted.
take advantage of 利用
parallel ['p?r?l?l] 并行
Example: Although operating systems like OS X and iOS are capable of running multiple programs in parallel, most of those programs run in the background and perform tasks that require little continuous processor time.
notion ['no??n] 概念柒莉；見解；打算
Example: Concurrency is the notion of multiple things happening at the same time.
Threading Programming Guide
mutual ['mjut?u?l] 共同的沽翔；相互的
exclusion [?k'sklu?n] 排斥兢孝；排除
mutual exclusion 互斥
Example: The most common type of lock is mutual exclusion lock, also known as a mutex.
brute 殘忍的；無(wú)理性的
brute force 強(qiáng)力
form of 形態(tài)仅偎；形成
Example: Locks provide a brute force form of protection for code that can be executed by only one thread at a time.
alleviate [?'liv?'et] 減輕跨蟹；緩和
eliminate [?'l?m?net] 消除；排除
distinct [d?'st??kt] 明顯的橘沥；獨(dú)特的窗轩；有區(qū)別的
Example: One way to alleviate the problem is to eliminate the shared resource altogether and make sure each thread has its own distinct set of resources on which to operate.
hazard ['h?z?d] 危害；危險(xiǎn)座咆；障礙
contention [k?n't?n??n] 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)痢艺；爭(zhēng)論
among 在...之中
Example: One of the hazards of threaded programming is resource contention among multiple threads.
recommend ['r?k?'m?nd] 推薦；介紹介陶；建議
reclaim 回收
recurring [r?'k???] 循環(huán)的堤舒；再發(fā)的
Example: Because threads are relatively expensive to create in terms of memory and time, it is therefore recommended that your entry point function do a significant amount of work or set up a run loop to allow for recurring work to be performed.
periodic [,p?r?'ɑd?k] 周期的；定期的
trivial ['tr?v??l] 瑣碎的哺呜；不重要的
regular ['r?gj?l?] 定期的舌缤，經(jīng)常的
Example: You can use timers on your application’s main thread to perform periodic tasks that are too trivial to require a thread, but which still require servicing at regular intervals.
equivalent [?'kw?v?l?nt] 等價(jià)；等量
Example: As you design your application, look for functions that offer asynchronous behavior and consider using them instead of using the equivalent synchronous function on a custom thread.
relatively ['r?l?t?vli] 相當(dāng)?shù)南夷担幌鄬?duì)的
Example: For tasks that are relatively short and very low priority, idle time notifications let you perform the task at a time when your application is not as busy.
overhead 開銷
intend 預(yù)期友驮；打算
Example: You may discover that this overhead is too great for the intended task, or that other options are easier to implement.
factor 因素；要素
Example: Another factor to consider is whether you need threads or concurrency at all.
terminology [,t?m?'nɑl?d?i] 術(shù)語(yǔ)
Example: Before getting too far into discussions about threads and their supporting technologies, it is necessary to define some basic terminology.
encompass [?n'k?mp?s] 包含
term 術(shù)語(yǔ)驾锰；把...叫做
refer to 參考卸留；涉及；指的是椭豫；適用于
Example: The term process is used to refer to a running executable, which can encompass multiple threads.
proper ['prɑp?] 適當(dāng)?shù)某苌煌耆?optimization [,ɑpt?m?'ze??n] 最優(yōu)化旨指；最佳化
subtle ['s?tl] 微妙的
Example: Even with proper protections in place, you still have to watch out for compiler optimizations that introduce subtle (and not so subtle) bugs into your code.
computation ['kɑmpj?'te???n] 計(jì)算；計(jì)算指令
Example: So what happens when one of your computations takes a long time to finish?
interaction [,?nt?'r?k??n] 交互喳整；相互作用
timely 及時(shí)地
manner 方式谆构；習(xí)慣；規(guī)矩
Example: If you moved your custom computations onto a separate thread, however, your application’s main thread would be free to respond to user interactions in a more timely manner.
perceive [p?'siv] 感覺框都；感知
responsiveness [r?'spɑns?vn?s] 響應(yīng)能力
Example: Multiple threads can improve an application’s perceived responsiveness.
combination [,kɑmb?'ne??n] 結(jié)合搬素；組合
Example: From a technical standpoint, a thread is a combination of the kernel-level and application-level data structures needed to manage the execution of code.
preemptive [,primpt?v] 優(yōu)先的；搶占
Example: The system itself actually manages these threads of execution, scheduling them to run on the available cores and preemptively interrupting them as needed to allow other threads to run.
dole out 少量發(fā)放
Example: At the system level, programs run side by side, with the system doling out execution time to each program based on its needs and the needs of other programs.
practical ['pr?kt?kl] 實(shí)際的
Example: As the speed of individual processors started reaching their practical limits, however, chip makers switched to multicore designs, giving the computer the opportunity to perform multiple tasks simultaneously.
modern ['mɑd?n] 現(xiàn)代的魏保；時(shí)髦的
efficient [?'f??nt] 高效熬尺；效率
Example: Although newer technologies such as operation objects and Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) provide a more modern and efficient infrastructure for implementing concurrency, OS X and iOS also provide interfaces for creating and managing threads.
relevant ['r?l?v?nt] 相關(guān)的；有意義的
Example: This document also describes the relevant technologies provided to support threading and the synchronization of multithreaded code inside your application.
encourage [?n'k?r?d?] 鼓勵(lì)谓罗；支持
investigate [?n'v?st?ɡet] 調(diào)查粱哼；研究
alternative [?l't?n?t?v] 供選擇的；替代
Example: If you are developing a new application, you are encouraged to investigate the alternative OS X technologies for implementing concurrency.
prevent [pri'v?nt] 預(yù)防檩咱；阻止
corrupt [k?'r?pt] 腐敗的揭措；墮落，腐化
Example: This chapter describes synchronization issues and the tools you use to prevent multiple threads from corrupting data or crashing your program.
Quartz 2D Programing Guide
derivative（d?'r?v?t?v）衍生品刻蚯，派生物
encompass 包含绊含，環(huán)繞，完成
manner（'m?n?）方式芦倒，習(xí)慣艺挪，規(guī)矩
potential（p?'t?n?l）潛在的
simultaneously（sa?m?l'ten??sli）同時(shí)地
proportionally （pr?u'p?:??n?li）成比例的，相稱的
adopt 采取兵扬，接受
imply 隱含麻裳，暗示
occasionally（o'ke??n?li）間或，偶爾
intermediate（,?nt?'mid??t）中間的
interpolation（?n,t?p?'le??n）插值器钟，插入
discrete 離散的
generate 生成津坑，產(chǎn)生
xxx-related 與...相關(guān)
algorithm （'?lg?'r?e?m）算法
pace 步伐，速度
course 過(guò)程
tweak 對(duì)...稍作調(diào)整
precede 領(lǐng)先傲霸，優(yōu)于
infrastructure （'?nfr?'str?kt??）基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
perspective 透視的
embed 使嵌入
impact 影響疆瑰，效果
illustrate （illustrate）舉例說(shuō)明
decouple （di'k?pl）解耦
merely 僅僅，只不過(guò)
integrate 整合昙啄，統(tǒng)一
correspond 相應(yīng)穆役，一致
visual 視覺的
arrange 安排，排列
hierarchy（'ha??rɑrki）層次
implicit 含蓄
effort 功夫梳凛，工夫耿币，成就
accelerate 加速，促進(jìn)
extremely 極其韧拒，非常
sharpen 銳化淹接，尖銳
distort 扭曲十性，使失真
variety（v?'ra??ti）多樣性；種類
wide 廣泛的
eliminate （?'l?m?net）消除塑悼；排除
nested（'nest?d）嵌套的
composite（kɑm'pɑz?t）合成劲适，組合成
underneath（,?nd?'niθ）在...下面
solely（'solli）單獨(dú)的，唯一的
inherent （?n'h?r?nt）固有的厢蒜，內(nèi)在的
abut 鄰接霞势，緊靠
demonstrate（'d?m?n'stret）演示，證明
fidelity (f??del?tē) 保真度
regardless 無(wú)論斑鸦，a.k.a no matter how, no matter what
intend for 打算
stencil（?stens?l）模板
axial（??ksi?l）軸向
radial（?re?di?l）徑向
primitive（?prim?tiv）原始
glyph （glif）字形
sophisticated（s??fisti?kātid）復(fù)雜的
obscure 遮蔽支示，隱藏
perimeter 周長(zhǎng)
opposite 對(duì)立，相反
optimal（'ɑpt?ml） 最佳的
arbitrary （??rbi?trerē）隨意
consult 請(qǐng)教鄙才，協(xié)商
underlying 底層
compensate 補(bǔ)償
negate 否定
subsequent 隨后
flavor 口味，情況
appropriate 適當(dāng)促绵，應(yīng)有
supersede 取代
in contrast 相反攒庵，作為對(duì)比
significantly （sig?nifik?ntlē）顯著
smooth 光滑
essential 必要
perception 感知
maintain 保持
manufacturer 廠家
sensation 感覺
subjective 主觀的
illusion 錯(cuò)覺
mechanism（?mek??niz?m）機(jī)制
measure 測(cè)量；手段
dimension 緯度败晴，尺寸
refer 參考浓冒，簡(jiǎn)稱
concatenate （k?n?katn?āt）串聯(lián)
manipulate（m??nipy??lāt）操作，操縱
invert 反轉(zhuǎn)尖坤，倒置
anatomy（??nat?mē）剖析
curve 曲線
dashed 虛線
ellipse 橢圓
determine 確定
restore 恢復(fù)
particular 特定
encapsulate 封裝
advanced 先進(jìn)的稳懒，高級(jí)的 , a.k.a high-ranking
unmatched 獨(dú)一無(wú)二
resolution 解析度，分辨率
transparency（tran?spar?nsē）透明度
anti-aliased（?antē-?ālē?s）抗鋸齒
render 渲染
xxx-based 基于xxx慢味，path-based 基于路徑
capability 功能场梆；能力
amount 量
convey 傳達(dá)
predict 預(yù)測(cè)
precise 精確
opaque （ō?pāk）不透明
coordinate 坐標(biāo)；協(xié)調(diào) 纯路，配合
instruction 指令或油，說(shuō)明
blend 混合
matrix （?mātriks）矩陣
