進程間通信系列

AIDL的入門使用(一)

AIDL的入門使用(二)

AIDL的入門使用(三)

Messenger的入門使用

目錄

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序言

什么概念都省了盒至，直接看怎么使用，主要分兩部分，一個是服務端烛卧，一個是客戶端晃痴。更多使用請持續(xù)關注。

AIDL通信的服務端

1缰趋、創(chuàng)建AIDL 的服務端的Moudle 捧杉；

2、在aidl包下創(chuàng)建需要傳遞的對象Book類秘血，并實現Parcelable 接口（使用Android Studio 的Parcelable 接口生成插件）

package com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
/**
 * Created by yuxue on 2017/11/28.
 */
public class Book implements Parcelable {
    public int id;
    public String name;
    public double price;
    //省略set 味抖、get、構造灰粮、toString等方法
    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }
    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeInt(this.id);
        dest.writeString(this.name);
        dest.writeDouble(this.price);
    }
    public Book() {
    }
    protected Book(Parcel in) {
        this.id = in.readInt();
        this.name = in.readString();
        this.price = in.readDouble();
    }
    public static final Parcelable.Creator<Book> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Book>() {
        @Override
        public Book createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
            return new Book(source);
        }
        @Override
        public Book[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Book[size];
        }
    };
}

3仔涩、鼠標右鍵單擊aidl包——>new ——>AIDL——>AIDL File——>輸入接口名稱：IMyAidlInterface——>Finish

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//Book.aidl文件
package com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl;//在這里一定要標注包名，與 IMyAidlInterface.aidl文件中的包名相同粘舟，否則編譯報錯
//注意  parcelable的p字母是小寫   ,聲明已序列化的類
parcelable Book; 

4熔脂、在新生成的aidl包上鼠標右鍵新建文件要傳遞的類名.adil文件正驻，這里要傳遞的對象為Book類宛乃，因此新建Book.aidl,在Book.aidl文件中聲明包名和已序列化對應的類。

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5、編寫IMyAidlInterface.aidl文件焕梅，聲明客戶端調用AIDL的接口，編寫好IMyAidlInterface.aidl文件以后 Build——>Make Project（一定要先Make Project以后編譯器才不會報錯）

// IMyAidlInterface.aidl
package com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
import com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book;//雖然在同一個包中巍佑，但還是要進行導包操作纷宇，否則會報錯。
interface IMyAidlInterface {
    /**
     * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat,
            double aDouble, String aString);
    //編寫客戶端可以調用的AIDL接口秽荞，
    void addBook(in Book book);//一定要加 in
    List<Book> getBooks();
    void setTag(in String tag);
    String getTag();
    void setNum(in int num);
    int getNum();
}

6骤公、創(chuàng)建服務端的Service并編寫內容，右鍵單擊aidl包——>New ——> Service——> Service——>輸入文件名AidlSerVerService,創(chuàng)建IMyAidlInterface.Stub的對象并在onBind方法中返回扬跋。（注：IMyAidlInterface.java文件有編譯器在Make Project 過程中自動生成淋样，即我們可以不編寫前面的aidl文件，只需要編寫IMyAidlInterface.java文件也是可以進行進程間通信的）

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package com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class AidlSerVerService extends Service {
    private List<Book> mBookList = new ArrayList<>();
    private String tag = "empty";
    private int num = -1;
    IMyAidlInterface.Stub stub_binder = new IMyAidlInterface.Stub() {//IMyAidlInterface.Stub實際為android.os.Binder 的子類并實現了com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface接口
        @Override
        public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString) throws RemoteException {
        }
        @Override
        public void addBook(Book book) throws RemoteException {
            synchronized (this) {//同步操作胁住，有可能有多個客戶端共同訪問
                if (book != null) {
                    mBookList.add(book);
                }
            }
        }
        @Override
        public List<Book> getBooks() throws RemoteException {
            return mBookList;
        }
        @Override
        public void setTag(String tag) throws RemoteException {
            synchronized (this) {
                if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(tag)) {
                    AidlSerVerService.this.tag = tag;
                }
            }
        }
        @Override
        public String getTag() throws RemoteException {
            return tag;
        }
        @Override
        public void setNum(int num) throws RemoteException {
            synchronized (this) {
                AidlSerVerService.this.num = num;
            }
        }
        @Override
        public int getNum() throws RemoteException {
            return num;
        }
    };
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        // TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
        return stub_binder;
    }
}

7趁猴、在AndroidMainfest文件中注冊服務端的Service并對外暴露，至此服務端的代碼就編寫完成了彪见。

        <!--process：單獨為一個進程儡司；enabled：啟用；exported：對外暴露 余指；
        注：服務端的包名為：com.ljp.aidl_server捕犬，客戶端綁定Service的時候是使用程序的包名，不是使用AidlSerVerService類的包名  -->
        <service
            android:name=".aidl.AidlSerVerService"
            android:process=":remote"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter >
                <action android:name="server.aidl.service.action"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </service>

AIDL通信的客戶端

1酵镜、將服務端 main文件夾下的aidl文件夾復制到客戶端的main文件夾下碉碉，將服務端的Book類復制到客戶端的對應包名下，然后Build——>Make Project 淮韭；

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2垢粮、測試調用服務端的AIDL接口進行通信；

package com.ljp.aidl_client;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book;
import com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }
    private IMyAidlInterface mService_face;
    private static final String TAG = "Main_Client";
    ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            Log.e(TAG, "onServiceConnected: ");
            mService_face = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service);
        }
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            Log.e(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected: ");
        }
    };
    public void bindAidlService(View view) {
        Intent intent_service = new Intent();
        intent_service.setPackage("com.ljp.aidl_server"); //設置需要綁定的服務端的包名靠粪，不是服務端Service的包名
        intent_service.setAction("server.aidl.service.action");//設置你所需調用服務的意圖
        boolean successful = bindService(intent_service, mConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        Log.e(TAG, "bindAidlService: successful=" + successful);
    }
    public void UnbindAidlService(View view) {
        if(mConnection!=null){
            unbindService(mConnection);
            Log.e(TAG, "UnbindAidlService: ");
        }
    }
    public void addBook_AidlService(View view) {
        try {
            if (mService_face != null) {
                mService_face.addBook(new Book(0, "book0", 30.5));
                Log.e(TAG, "addBook_AidlService: ");
            }
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public void getBooks_AidlService(View view) {
        try {
            if (mService_face != null) {
                List<Book> books = mService_face.getBooks();
                Log.e(TAG, "addBook_AidlService: books[0]=" + books.get(0));
            }
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public void setTag_AidlService(View view) {
        try {
            if (mService_face != null) {
                mService_face.setTag("setTag_AidlService");
                Log.e(TAG, "setTag_AidlService: ");
            }
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public void getTag_AidlService(View view) {
        try {
            if (mService_face != null) {
                String tag = mService_face.getTag();
                Log.e(TAG, "getTag_AidlService: tag=" + tag);
            }
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public void setNum_AidlService(View view) {
        try {
            if (mService_face != null) {
                mService_face.setNum(27);
                Log.e(TAG, "setNum_AidlService: ");
            }
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public void getNum_AidlService(View view) {
        try {
            if (mService_face != null) {
                int num = mService_face.getNum();
                Log.e(TAG, "getNum_AidlService: num=" + num);
            }
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

測試結果如下：

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IMyAidlInterface.java 文件詳解蜡吧，實際有用的是這個文件，有編寫的aidl文件經過編譯器自動生成（注：可以單獨編寫該文件那就不需要aidl文件了）

package com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl;
public interface IMyAidlInterface extends android.os.IInterface {
    /**
     * Stub是存根占键，Proxy是代理,Stub是服務端實現的存根昔善，而Proxy則是Stub的代理。
     * Local-side IPC implementation stub class.
     */
    public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface {
        //Binder的唯一標識畔乙，一般使用類名標識
        private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface";
        /**
         * Construct the stub at attach it to the interface.
         */
        public Stub() {
            this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
        }
        /**
         * 將服務端的Binder對象轉換為客戶端需要的AIDL接口類型的對象君仆，
         * 如果在同一個進程下的話，那么asInterface()將返回服務端的Stub對象本身，因為此時根本不需要跨進稱通信返咱，那么直接調用Stub對象的接口就可以了氮帐，返回的實現就是服務端的Stub實現，也就是根本沒有跨進程通信洛姑；
         * 如果不是同一個進程上沐，那么asInterface()返回是Stub.Proxy對象，該對象持有著遠程的Binder引用（服務端）楞艾，因為現在需要跨進程通信参咙，所以如果調用Stub.Proxy的接口的話，那么它們都將是IPC調用硫眯，它會通過調用Stub.Proxy的transact方法去與服務端通信
         * Cast an IBinder object into an com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface interface,generating a proxy if needed.
         *
         * @param obj
         * @return 若位于同一進程中則返回的是服務端的Stub對象本身蕴侧，否則返回的是系統(tǒng)封裝后的Stub.Proxy對象
         */
        public static com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
            if ((obj == null)) {
                return null;
            }
            android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
            if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface))) {
                return ((com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface) iin);
            }
            return new com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface.Stub.Proxy(obj);
        }
        /**
         * 返回當前的Binder對象，在客戶端連接成功時使用:IMyAidlInterface iMyAidlInterface = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service);
         * 檢索與此接口相關聯的綁定器對象两入。您必須使用這個而不是普通的cast净宵，這樣代理對象才能返回正確的結果。
         *
         * @return
         */
        @Override
        public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
            return this;
        }
        /**
         * 運行在服務端的Binder線程池中裹纳，當客戶端發(fā)起跨進程請求時择葡，遠程請求會通過底層封裝后交由此方法處理
         * 默認實現是返回false的存根。您將希望覆蓋此操作剃氧，以完成事務的適當解組敏储。 如果你想調用這個，調用交易()朋鞍。
         *
         * @param code
         * @param data
         * @param reply
         * @param flags
         * @return 如果返回false客戶端就會請求失敗可用作權限驗證
         * @throws android.os.RemoteException
         */
        @Override
        public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException {
            switch (code) {
                case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: {
                    reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
                    return true;
                }
                case TRANSACTION_basicTypes: {
                    data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                    int _arg0;
                    _arg0 = data.readInt();
                    long _arg1;
                    _arg1 = data.readLong();
                    boolean _arg2;
                    _arg2 = (0 != data.readInt());
                    float _arg3;
                    _arg3 = data.readFloat();
                    double _arg4;
                    _arg4 = data.readDouble();
                    java.lang.String _arg5;
                    _arg5 = data.readString();
                    this.basicTypes(_arg0, _arg1, _arg2, _arg3, _arg4, _arg5);
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    return true;
                }
                case TRANSACTION_addBook: {
                    data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                    com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book _arg0;
                    if ((0 != data.readInt())) {
                        _arg0 = com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);//調用Book類中的Parcelable的工廠方法生成一個Book對象已添，下同
                    } else {
                        _arg0 = null;
                    }
                    this.addBook(_arg0);
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    return true;
                }
                case TRANSACTION_getBooks: {
                    data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                    java.util.List<com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book> _result = this.getBooks();
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    reply.writeTypedList(_result);
                    return true;
                }
                case TRANSACTION_setTag: {
                    data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                    java.lang.String _arg0;
                    _arg0 = data.readString();
                    this.setTag(_arg0);
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    return true;
                }
                case TRANSACTION_getTag: {
                    data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                    java.lang.String _result = this.getTag();
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    reply.writeString(_result);
                    return true;
                }
                case TRANSACTION_setNum: {
                    data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                    int _arg0;
                    _arg0 = data.readInt();
                    this.setNum(_arg0);
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    return true;
                }
                case TRANSACTION_getNum: {
                    data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
                    int _result = this.getNum();
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    reply.writeInt(_result);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
        }
        /**
         * 一個運行在客戶端的代理，持有服務端的Binder應用
         * Stub是存根滥酥，Proxy是代理,Stub是服務端實現的存根更舞，而Proxy則是Stub的代理。
         */
        private static class Proxy implements com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface {
            private android.os.IBinder mRemote;
            Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) {
                mRemote = remote;
            }
            @Override
            public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
                return mRemote;
            }
            public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() {
                return DESCRIPTOR;
            }
            /**
             * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
             * and return values in AIDL.
             */
            @Override
            public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat, double aDouble, java.lang.String aString) throws android.os.RemoteException {
                android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                try {
                    _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
                    _data.writeInt(anInt);
                    _data.writeLong(aLong);
                    _data.writeInt(((aBoolean) ? (1) : (0)));
                    _data.writeFloat(aFloat);
                    _data.writeDouble(aDouble);
                    _data.writeString(aString);
                    mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_basicTypes, _data, _reply, 0);
                    _reply.readException();
                } finally {
                    _reply.recycle();
                    _data.recycle();
                }
            }
            @Override
            public void addBook(com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book book) throws android.os.RemoteException {
                android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                try {
                    _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
                    if ((book != null)) {
                        _data.writeInt(1);
                        book.writeToParcel(_data, 0);
                    } else {
                        _data.writeInt(0);
                    }
                    mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_addBook, _data, _reply, 0);
                    _reply.readException();
                } finally {
                    _reply.recycle();
                    _data.recycle();
                }
            }
            @Override
            public java.util.List<com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book> getBooks() throws android.os.RemoteException {
                android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                java.util.List<com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book> _result;
                try {
                    _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
                    mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getBooks, _data, _reply, 0);
                    _reply.readException();
                    _result = _reply.createTypedArrayList(com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book.CREATOR);
                } finally {
                    _reply.recycle();
                    _data.recycle();
                }
                return _result;
            }
            @Override
            public void setTag(java.lang.String tag) throws android.os.RemoteException {
                android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                try {
                    _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
                    _data.writeString(tag);
                    mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_setTag, _data, _reply, 0);
                    _reply.readException();
                } finally {
                    _reply.recycle();
                    _data.recycle();
                }
            }
            @Override
            public java.lang.String getTag() throws android.os.RemoteException {
                android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                java.lang.String _result;
                try {
                    _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
                    mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getTag, _data, _reply, 0);
                    _reply.readException();
                    _result = _reply.readString();
                } finally {
                    _reply.recycle();
                    _data.recycle();
                }
                return _result;
            }
            @Override
            public void setNum(int num) throws android.os.RemoteException {
                android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                try {
                    _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
                    _data.writeInt(num);
                    mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_setNum, _data, _reply, 0);
                    _reply.readException();
                } finally {
                    _reply.recycle();
                    _data.recycle();
                }
            }
            @Override
            public int getNum() throws android.os.RemoteException {
                android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                int _result;
                try {
                    _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
                    mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getNum, _data, _reply, 0);
                    _reply.readException();
                    _result = _reply.readInt();
                } finally {
                    _reply.recycle();
                    _data.recycle();
                }
                return _result;
            }
        }
        //聲明binder接口的方法的ID坎吻，用于標志方法
        static final int TRANSACTION_basicTypes = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);
        static final int TRANSACTION_addBook = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1);
        static final int TRANSACTION_getBooks = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 2);
        static final int TRANSACTION_setTag = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 3);
        static final int TRANSACTION_getTag = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 4);
        static final int TRANSACTION_setNum = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 5);
        static final int TRANSACTION_getNum = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 6);
    }
    /**
     * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat, double aDouble, java.lang.String aString) throws android.os.RemoteException;
    //下面是Binder 通信的接口
    public void addBook(com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book book) throws android.os.RemoteException;
    public java.util.List<com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book> getBooks() throws android.os.RemoteException;
    public void setTag(java.lang.String tag) throws android.os.RemoteException;
    public java.lang.String getTag() throws android.os.RemoteException;
    public void setNum(int num) throws android.os.RemoteException;
    public int getNum() throws android.os.RemoteException;
}

我的CSDN博客地址：http://blog.csdn.net/wo_ha/article/details/78655896