Chaptrer 8
Infected! Why Willpower Is Contagious? 為什么意志力會(huì)傳染？
●THE SPREAD OF ANEPIDEMIC ? 傳染病的傳播
●?UNDER THE MICROSCOPE:YOURSOCIAL NETWORK ?深入剖析：你的社交
●?THE SOCIAL SELF ?社會(huì)中的個(gè)人
● MIRRORIXG WILLPOWER FAILURES ?鏡像意志力失效
?? words and phrases
（1）contagious? adj. 感染性的杆融；會(huì)蔓延的
原句:Although it’s hard to believe that physical fitness（身體素質(zhì)畅涂，身體狀態(tài)） could be contagious.盡管我們很難相信身體素質(zhì)也是可以傳染的。
仿寫(xiě)：A teacher's education enthusiasm is contagious.
（2）immune??[?'mju?n]?
adj. 免疫的勾邦；免于……的蚣录，免除的，有免疫力的
n. 免疫者眷篇；免除者
immune body 抗體免疫體
immune reaction 免疫反應(yīng)免疫排斥反應(yīng)免疫反應(yīng)
immune system 免疫系統(tǒng)
be immune to?對(duì)…有免疫力萎河；不受…的影響
原句: We like to believe that our choices are immune to the influence of others, and we pride ourselves on our independence and free will（自由意志）.?
?我們?cè)敢馊ハ嘈盼覀兊臎Q定不會(huì)受他人影響，我們?yōu)樽约旱莫?dú)立性和自由意志感到自豪蕉饼。
仿寫(xiě)：We may be immune to the sales promotion of supermarket when we konw more behavioral psychology.
（3）reveal? [r?'vi?l]?
vt. 顯示虐杯；透露；揭露昧港；泄露
n. 揭露擎椰；暴露；門(mén)側(cè)慨飘，窗側(cè)
原句:?But research from the fields of psychology, marketing, and medicine reveals that our individual choices are powerfully（強(qiáng)烈地）?shaped by what other people think, want, and do-and what we think they want us to do.
仿寫(xiě)： She doesn't want to reveal anything but tears just keep flowing.
（4）unified??['ju:nifaid] ?
adj. 統(tǒng)一的确憨；一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的
v. 統(tǒng)一；使一致（unify的過(guò)去分詞）
unified management 統(tǒng)一管理瓤的；統(tǒng)一經(jīng)營(yíng).
unified standards 統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
原句：When it comes to self-control, we've seen that the human mind is not one unified self, but multiple(多重的休弃；多樣的；許多的) selves who compete for control.
仿寫(xiě)：We will establish a unified standard for the company culture.
（5）prime? [pra?m]
adj. 主要的圈膏；最好的塔猾；基本的
adv. 極好地 ? ?n. 初期；青年稽坤；精華丈甸；全盛時(shí)期
vt. 使準(zhǔn)備好；填裝 ? vi. 作準(zhǔn)備
prime sb ? 使某人做好準(zhǔn)備
原句：The mirror neurons that detect（vt 察覺(jué)尿褪、發(fā)現(xiàn)） another person's movement prime （準(zhǔn)備）that very same movement in your own body.
仿寫(xiě)：Did you prime her with what to say?
when it comes to? 當(dāng)提到睦擂；就……而論
When it comes to diet and exercise, we know what to do, but we don't do what we know.當(dāng)提到飲食和運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候，我們都知道怎么去做杖玲，但是我們不會(huì)按照我們知道的去做顿仇。
（6） ?mirror neurons ?鏡像神經(jīng)元
? ? ? ? ? ? sole purpose ?唯一目的
? ? ? ? ? ? keep track of ?與...保持聯(lián)系
??Sentence
① ?The scourge John brought with him? It wasn't smallpox, tuberculosis, or an STD. It was being out of shape. Although it’s hard to believe that physical fitness could be contagious.
約翰究竟帶來(lái)了什么災(zāi)難？他帶來(lái)的不是天花、肺結(jié)核或性病臼闻，而是體質(zhì)虛弱鸿吆。雖然人們很難相信身體虛弱也會(huì)傳染.
② ?Obesity was infectious（傳染的）, spreading within families and from friend to friend. When a friend became obese, a person’s own future risk of becoming obese increased by 171 percent. A woman whose sister became obese had a 67 percent increased risk, and a man whose brother became obese had a 45 percent increased risk.
肥胖是會(huì)傳染的，它會(huì)在家庭內(nèi)部和朋友之間傳染述呐。如果一個(gè)人身邊有個(gè)朋友超重了惩淳，那么他變胖的概率就會(huì)增加171%。如果一個(gè)女性的姐妹超重了乓搬，那么她變胖的概率就會(huì)增加67%思犁，如果一個(gè)男性的兄弟超重了，那么他變胖的概率就會(huì)增加45%进肯。
③? Both bad habits and positive change can spread from person to person like germs, and nobody is completely- immune. Not every willpower challenge is the result of a social “infection,” but with most challenges, there is a social influence.
壞習(xí)慣和積極的改變都能像細(xì)菌一樣在人群中傳播抒倚，而且沒(méi)有人能完全不受影響。不是每個(gè)意志力挑戰(zhàn)都是社會(huì)“傳染”的結(jié)果坷澡，但是大多數(shù)挑戰(zhàn)都存在社會(huì)“傳染”的問(wèn)題。
——? 啟? 發(fā) 1 ——
身體素質(zhì)也會(huì)像傳染病一樣蔓延含蓉？聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像不可思議频敛，但實(shí)際上卻是真實(shí)存在，這個(gè)比喻非常形象生動(dòng)馅扣。這種傳染歸根到底是一種生活方式和思考方式的傳染...如果我們?cè)谌巳褐腥ビ^察斟赚，經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多的“夫妻相”，第一眼就覺(jué)得他們長(zhǎng)得好似很像差油，仔細(xì)想來(lái)拗军，并不是兩個(gè)人從一開(kāi)始就有夫妻相，而是在生活方式N多年的共同影響下蓄喇，越來(lái)越像发侵，因?yàn)轱嬍沉?xí)慣、生活方式妆偏、思考模式刃鳄，價(jià)值觀都會(huì)越來(lái)越趨近。壞習(xí)慣和積極的改變都能像細(xì)菌一樣在人群中傳播钱骂，不僅僅傳播給他人叔锐，還會(huì)同時(shí)再度傳播給自己，這種反彈力會(huì)倍增见秽，一定程度上愉烙，消極創(chuàng)造消極，積極創(chuàng)造積極解取。我們是什么樣的人步责，就會(huì)遇到什么樣的人，那么我們要做的，就是努力培養(yǎng)自己健康的生活方式勺择，讓自己保持積極向上创南，精力充沛，給自己省核、身邊的朋友稿辙、家人、還不相識(shí)的人帶去正向影響气忠。
④ ??When it comes to self-control, we've seen that the human mind is not one unified self, but multiple selves who compete for control. There's the self who wants immediate gratification and the self who remembers your bigger goals. There's your present self, who may or may not seem to have much in common with your future self.
說(shuō)到自我控制這個(gè)問(wèn)題邻储，我已經(jīng)知道，人類(lèi)大腦里不是只有一個(gè)自我旧噪，而是有很多不同的自我在相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)吨娜，爭(zhēng)奪控制權(quán)。這里面有想獲得即時(shí)滿(mǎn)足感的自我淘钟，有銘記遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo)的自我宦赠，有現(xiàn)在的自我，也有未來(lái)的自我米母。他們可能相似勾扭，也可能不同。
⑤ ?We have specialized brain cells—called mirror neurons—whose sole purpose is to keep track of what other people are thinking, feeling, and doing. These mirror neurons are sprinkled throughout the brain to help us understand the full range of (全范圍的)other people s experiences.
我們有專(zhuān)門(mén)的的腦細(xì)胞——鏡像神經(jīng)元铁瞒。它唯一的任務(wù)就是注意觀察其他人在想什么妙色， 感覺(jué)如何，在做什么慧耍。鏡像神經(jīng)元分布在整個(gè)大腦中身辨，幫助我們?nèi)ダ斫馄渌怂械慕?jīng)歷。
⑥ ?Our instinct to mimic other people's actions means that when you see someone else reach for a snack, a drink, or a credit card, you may find yourself unconsciously mirroring their behavior-and losing your willpower.
我們模范別人行動(dòng)的本能芍碧，這就意味著煌珊，當(dāng)你看到別人去拿零食、飲料或信用卡的時(shí)候泌豆，你自己也會(huì)無(wú)意識(shí)的模仿他們的行為怪瓶。同時(shí)，你也會(huì)失去你的意志力践美。
⑦ ? We've seen three ways our social brains can catch willpower failures. The first is unintentional mimicry. The mirror neurons that detect another person's movement prime that very same movement in your own body.
The second way our social brains can lead us astray（迷路） is the contagion of emotion. We saw that our mirror neurons respond to（響應(yīng)） other people’s pain, but they also respond to emotions.
Finally , our brains can even catch temptation when we see others give in. Seeing someone else engage in（參加） your willpower challenge can put you in the mood（興致勃勃）?to join them.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了三種形式會(huì)使我們的社會(huì)大腦出現(xiàn)意志力失效洗贰。第一種形式是無(wú)意識(shí)的模仿。當(dāng)鏡像神經(jīng)元探測(cè)到其他人的行動(dòng)時(shí)陨倡，它會(huì)讓你的身體也準(zhǔn)備同樣的動(dòng)作敛滋。
大腦讓我們誤入迷途的第二種形式是情緒的傳染。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)兴革，自己的鏡像神經(jīng)元會(huì)對(duì)別人的疼痛產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)绎晃，也會(huì)對(duì)別人的情緒產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)蜜唾。
最后，當(dāng)我們看到別人屈服于誘惑的時(shí)候庶艾，我們的大腦也可能受到誘惑袁余。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)別人和你有同樣的意志力挑戰(zhàn)，你興致勃勃的想加入進(jìn)去咱揍。
——? 啟? 發(fā) 2——
鏡像神經(jīng)元的存在颖榜，讓人與人之間的相互模仿和互相影響從科學(xué)行為上給予了解釋依據(jù)，有人說(shuō)DNA決定我們是不是人煤裙，鏡像神經(jīng)元決定我們能否塑造文明掩完，這種說(shuō)法也許是夸張了，不過(guò)作為我們每一個(gè)活生生的個(gè)體硼砰，確實(shí)能察覺(jué)到自己的很多細(xì)微心理活動(dòng)且蓬，人的內(nèi)心世界真的是一個(gè)超級(jí)大的謎題。這種模仿和影響滲透到生活的方方面面...就像現(xiàn)在很多人患有“朋友圈焦慮癥”一樣题翰，要問(wèn)哪里的完美人生模板最多恶阴，要數(shù)朋友圈了。假若一個(gè)人微信好友很多豹障，又酷愛(ài)刷朋友圈存淫，那每時(shí)每刻都能看到千變?nèi)f化的人生模板，如果按照模仿別人行動(dòng)的本能沼填，那還不被逼瘋啊括授？要么去影響別人坞笙，要么被影響，影響與被影響也是每一個(gè)社會(huì)人的基本需要荚虚，所以薛夜，如何尋找到一撥志同道合的人，彼此互相沁潤(rùn)和影響就很重要了版述，而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代提供了天然的優(yōu)勢(shì),各個(gè)類(lèi)別的優(yōu)質(zhì)興趣社群越來(lái)越多梯澜，很容易就找到自己的社群組織了。一個(gè)人不太可能成為所有人渴析，一個(gè)人也不太可能影響所有人晚伙，那么聚焦自我需求，關(guān)注一小部分群體俭茧，再去影響一小部分群體咆疗，便好...
??Summary
It's? contagious including? willpower? challenge,physical fitness，obesity 母债，depression and so on. We had known the fact? that each person's? choices be affected by the decision of the others. We can not exist in isolation by putting the influence and connections of others? aside ? ,It may be a good way? to make ourselves become more healthy, more active and stronger willpower.
We will try to look for these people who is attempting to improve the same willpower challenge ?recently.
