為什么要用ELK
“ [ELK實(shí)際上是三個(gè)工具，Elastricsearch + LogStash + Kibana烁巫，通過(guò)ELK署隘，用來(lái)收集日志還有進(jìn)行日志分析，最后通過(guò)可視化UI進(jìn)行展示亚隙。一開(kāi)始業(yè)務(wù)量比較小的時(shí)候磁餐，通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的SLF4J+Logger在服務(wù)器打印日志，通過(guò)grep進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單查詢(xún)阿弃，但是隨著業(yè)務(wù)量增加诊霹，數(shù)據(jù)量也會(huì)不斷增加，所以使用ELK可以進(jìn)行大數(shù)量的日志收集和分析]”
簡(jiǎn)單畫(huà)了一下架構(gòu)圖
在環(huán)境配置中渣淳，主要介紹Mac和linux配置脾还，windows系統(tǒng)大致相同，當(dāng)然入愧，前提是大家都安裝了JDK1.8及以上版本~
[root@VM_234_23_centos ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_161"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_161-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.161-b12, mixed mode)
“注意
[高版本的ELK同樣需要高版本的JDK支持鄙漏，本文配置的ELK版本是6.0+，所以需要的JDK版本不小于1.8] ”
ElasticSearch
“ Elasticsearch 是一個(gè)分布式的 RESTful 風(fēng)格的搜索和數(shù)據(jù)分析引擎棺蛛，能夠解決不斷涌現(xiàn)出的各種用例怔蚌。作為 Elastic Stack 的核心，它集中存儲(chǔ)您的數(shù)據(jù)旁赊，幫助您發(fā)現(xiàn)意料之中以及意料之外的情況桦踊。”
Mac安裝和運(yùn)行
安裝：brew install elasticsearch
運(yùn)行：elasticsearch安裝：brew install elasticsearch
運(yùn)行：elasticsearch
linux: 從Elasticsearch官方地址下載（也可以下載完彤恶，通過(guò)ftp之類(lèi)的工具傳上去），gz文件的話(huà)通過(guò)tar進(jìn)行解壓縮鳄橘，然后進(jìn)入bin目錄下運(yùn)行軟件
[root@VM_234_23_centos app]# curl -L -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.2.4.tar.gz
[root@VM_234_23_centos app]# tar -zxvf elasticsearch-6.2.4.tar.gz
[root@VM_234_23_centos app]# cd elasticsearch-6.2.4
[root@VM_234_23_centos elasticsearch-6.2.4]# ./bin/elasticsearch
“ 注意
在Linux機(jī)器上声离，運(yùn)行elasticsearch需要一個(gè)新的用戶(hù)組，文章最后有Elastic在linux安裝的踩坑記錄 ”
Logstash
“ Logstash 是開(kāi)源的服務(wù)器端數(shù)據(jù)處理管道瘫怜，能夠同時(shí)從多個(gè)來(lái)源采集數(shù)據(jù)术徊，轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)，然后將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到您最喜歡的 “存儲(chǔ)庫(kù)” 中鲸湃。（我們的存儲(chǔ)庫(kù)當(dāng)然是 Elasticsearch赠涮。）-官方賣(mài)萌
[日志收集神器 Logstash，閃亮登場(chǎng)～] ”
1. 軟件安裝
Mac安裝：
brew install logstash
linux安裝：
[root@VM_234_23_centos app]# curl -L -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-6.3.2.tar.gz
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 137M 100 137M 0 0 5849k 0 0:00:24 0:00:24 --:--:-- 6597k
[root@VM_234_23_centos app]# tar -zxvf logstash-6.3.2.tar.gz
2. 修改配置文件
vim /etc/logstash.conf
conf文件暗挑，指定要使用的插件笋除，和配置對(duì)應(yīng)的elasticsearch的hosts
input { stdin { } }
output {
elasticsearch { hosts => ["localhost:9200"] }
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}
3. 運(yùn)行
bin/logstash -f logstash.conf
4. 訪問(wèn)http://localhost:9600/
{
"host": "=-=",
"version": "6.2.4",
"http_address": "127.0.0.1:9600",
"id": "5b47e81f-bdf8-48fc-9537-400107a13bd2",
"name": "=-=",
"build_date": "2018-04-12T22:29:17Z",
"build_sha": "a425a422e03087ac34ad6949f7c95ec6d27faf14",
"build_snapshot": false
}
在elasticsearch日志中，也能看到logstash正常加入的日志
[2018-08-16T14:08:36,436][INFO ][o.e.c.m.MetaDataIndexTemplateService] [f2s1SD8] adding template [logstash]
看到這種返回值炸裆，表示已經(jīng)成功安裝和啟動(dòng)
“踩坑
在運(yùn)行的那一步垃它，有可能遇到內(nèi)存分配錯(cuò)誤
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: INFO: os::commit_memory(0x00000000c5330000, 986513408, 0) failed; error=’Cannot allocate memory’ (errno=12)
這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤很明顯就是內(nèi)存不足，由于個(gè)人購(gòu)買(mǎi)的是騰訊云1G內(nèi)存的服務(wù)器（如果是壕，請(qǐng)隨意購(gòu)買(mǎi)更高的配置=-=）国拇，已經(jīng)運(yùn)行了elasticsearch洛史，導(dǎo)致logstash分配不到足夠的內(nèi)存，所以最后要修改一下jvm配置酱吝。
[root@VM_234_23_centos logstash-6.3.2]# cd config/
[root@VM_234_23_centos config]# ll
total 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1846 Jul 20 14:19 jvm.options
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4466 Jul 20 14:19 log4j2.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8097 Jul 20 14:19 logstash.yml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3244 Jul 20 14:19 pipelines.yml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1696 Jul 20 14:19 startup.options
[root@VM_234_23_centos config]# vim jvm.options
將-Xms1g -Xmx1g修改為
-Xms256m
-Xmx256m
然后就能正常啟動(dòng)了~~
Kibana
1. 軟件安裝
“Kibana 讓您能夠可視化 Elasticsearch 中的數(shù)據(jù)并操作 Elastic Stack也殖，因此您可以在這里解開(kāi)任何疑問(wèn)：例如，為何會(huì)在凌晨 2:00 被傳呼务热，雨水會(huì)對(duì)季度數(shù)據(jù)造成怎樣的影響忆嗜。（而且展示的圖標(biāo)十分酷炫）”
Mac安裝
brew install kibana
linux安裝，官方下載地址
[root@VM_234_23_centos app]# curl -L -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-6.3.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 195M 0 271k 0 0 19235 0 2:57:54 0:00:14 2:57:40 26393
在這一步陕习，有可能下載速度奇慢霎褐，所以我本地下載好之后，通過(guò)rz命令傳輸?shù)椒?wù)器
[root@VM_234_23_centos app]# rz
rz waiting to receive.
Starting zmodem transfer. Press Ctrl+C to cancel.
Transferring kibana-6.3.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz...
100% 200519 KB 751 KB/sec 00:04:27 0 Errors
[root@VM_234_23_centos app]# tar -zxvf kibana-6.3.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
2. 修改配置
“修改 config/kibana.yml 配置文件该镣，設(shè)置 elasticsearch.url 指向 Elasticsearch 實(shí)例冻璃。
如果跟我一樣使用默認(rèn)的配置，可以不需要修改該文件"
3. 啟動(dòng)
[root@VM_234_23_centos kibana]# ./bin/kibana
4. 訪問(wèn) http://localhost:5601/app/kibana#/home?_g=()
界面顯示了這么多功能损合，下面通過(guò)整合SLF4J+LogBack
整合Spring+Logstash
1. 修改logstash.conf后省艳，重新啟動(dòng)logstash
input {
# stdin { }
tcp {
# host:port就是上面appender中的 destination，
# 這里其實(shí)把logstash作為服務(wù)嫁审，開(kāi)啟9250端口接收l(shuí)ogback發(fā)出的消息
host => "127.0.0.1" port => 9250 mode => "server" tags => ["tags"] codec => json_lines
}
}
output {
elasticsearch { hosts => ["localhost:9200"] }
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}
2. 在Java應(yīng)用中引用依賴(lài)
<dependency>
<groupId>net.logstash.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logstash-logback-encoder</artifactId>
<version>5.2</version>
</dependency>
3. 在Logback.xml中配置日志輸出
<!--日志導(dǎo)出的到 Logstash-->
<appender name="stash"
class="net.logstash.logback.appender.LogstashTcpSocketAppender">
<destination>localhost:9250</destination>
<!-- encoder必須配置,有多種可選 -->
<encoder charset="UTF-8"
class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LogstashEncoder" >
<!-- "appname":"ye_test" 的作用是指定創(chuàng)建索引的名字時(shí)用跋炕，并且在生成的文檔中會(huì)多了這個(gè)字段 -->
<customFields>{"appname":"ye_test"}</customFields>
</encoder>
</appender>
<root level="INFO">
<appender-ref ref="stash"/>
</root>
由于我在第一步驟中，沒(méi)有指定對(duì)應(yīng)的index律适，所以在服務(wù)啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候辐烂，日志采集器Logstash幫我自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建了logstash-timestamp的index。
4. 在kibana中添加index索引
5. 在左邊discover中查看索引信息
6. 添加可視化圖表Visualize
還有更多功能還在探索中捂贿，首先環(huán)境搭起來(lái)才會(huì)用動(dòng)力繼續(xù)去學(xué)習(xí)~
踩坑記錄
啟動(dòng)報(bào)錯(cuò)
“uncaught exception in thread [main] org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root "
原因：不能使用Root權(quán)限登錄
解決方案：切換用戶(hù)
[root@VM_234_23_centos ~]# groupadd es
[root@VM_234_23_centos ~]# useradd es -g es -p es
[root@VM_234_23_centos ~]# chown es:es /home/app/elasticsearch/
# 切換用戶(hù)纠修，記得su - ，這樣才能獲得環(huán)境變量
[root@VM_234_23_centos ~]# sudo su - es
“Exception in thread “main” java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException: "
錯(cuò)誤原因：使用非 root用戶(hù)啟動(dòng)ES厂僧，而該用戶(hù)的文件權(quán)限不足而被拒絕執(zhí)行扣草。
解決方法：chown -R 用戶(hù)名:用戶(hù)名 文件（目錄）名
例如：chown -R abc:abc searchengine 再啟動(dòng)ES就正常了
elasticsearch啟動(dòng)后報(bào)Killed
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,775][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [aggs-matrix-stats]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,779][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [analysis-common]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [ingest-common]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [lang-expression]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [lang-mustache]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [lang-painless]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [mapper-extras]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [parent-join]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [percolator]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [rank-eval]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [reindex]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [repository-url]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [transport-netty4]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [tribe]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-core]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-deprecation]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-graph]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-logstash]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-ml]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-monitoring]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-rollup]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-security]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-sql]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-upgrade]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-watcher]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,783][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] no plugins loaded
Killed[2018-07-13T10:19:44,775][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [aggs-matrix-stats]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,779][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [analysis-common]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [ingest-common]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [lang-expression]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [lang-mustache]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [lang-painless]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [mapper-extras]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [parent-join]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [percolator]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [rank-eval]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [reindex]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [repository-url]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [transport-netty4]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [tribe]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-core]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-deprecation]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-graph]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-logstash]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-ml]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-monitoring]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-rollup]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-security]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-sql]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-upgrade]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,782][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] loaded module [x-pack-watcher]
[2018-07-13T10:19:44,783][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f2s1SD8] no plugins loaded
Killed
修改config目錄下的jvm.options，將堆的大小設(shè)置小一點(diǎn)
# Xms represents the initial size of total heap space
# Xmx represents the maximum size of total heap space
-Xms512m
-Xmx512m
虛擬內(nèi)存不足
“max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144] "
[2018-07-13T14:02:06,749][DEBUG][o.e.a.ActionModule ] Using REST wrapper from plugin org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.Security
[2018-07-13T14:02:07,249][INFO ][o.e.d.DiscoveryModule ] [f2s1SD8] using discovery type [zen]
[2018-07-13T14:02:09,173][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] [f2s1SD8] initialized
[2018-07-13T14:02:09,174][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] [f2s1SD8] starting ...
[2018-07-13T14:02:09,539][INFO ][o.e.t.TransportService ] [f2s1SD8] publish_address {10.105.234.23:9300}, bound_addresses {0.0.0.0:9300}
[2018-07-13T14:02:09,575][INFO ][o.e.b.BootstrapChecks ] [f2s1SD8] bound or publishing to a non-loopback address, enforcing bootstrap checks
ERROR: [1] bootstrap checks failed
[1]: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
[2018-07-13T14:02:09,621][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] [f2s1SD8] stopping ...
[2018-07-13T14:02:09,726][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] [f2s1SD8] stopped
[2018-07-13T14:02:09,726][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] [f2s1SD8] closing ...
[2018-07-13T14:02:09,744][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] [f2s1SD8] closed
需要修改虛擬內(nèi)存的大醒胀馈（在root權(quán)限下）
[root@VM_234_23_centos elasticsearch]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
# 插入下列代碼后保存退出
vm.max_map_count=655360
[root@VM_234_23_centos elasticsearch]# sysctl -p
# 最后重啟elastricsearch
