CentOS7.4安裝cobbler實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化安裝ubuntu18.04

配置yum源

[root@localhost network-scripts]# rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/e/epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost network-scripts]# yum makecache

開始安裝Cobbler

安裝cobbler以及相關(guān)的軟件

[root@localhost network-scripts]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler  xinetd cobbler-web

#啟動(dòng)服務(wù)

[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl enable httpd
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl enable cobblerd
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl start cobblerd

#cobbler check 檢查相關(guān)配置

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.


#問題4(先做此步驟)

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cobbler get-loaders

#問題1
#一定要填入當(dāng)前聯(lián)網(wǎng)的那個(gè)網(wǎng)卡IP,不然后面cobbler get-loaders時(shí)候無法聯(lián)網(wǎng)玷过，這里后面還會(huì)再改

[root@localhost network-scripts]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 10.0.0.2/' /etc/cobbler/settings

#問題2
#一定要填入當(dāng)前聯(lián)網(wǎng)的那個(gè)網(wǎng)卡IP,不然后面cobbler get-loaders時(shí)候無法聯(lián)網(wǎng)之拨，這里后面還會(huì)再改

[root@localhost network-scripts]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 10.0.0.2/' /etc/cobbler/settings 

#問題3

[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp


service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                 = no           #修改項(xiàng)
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}



#問題5

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rsyncd

#問題6

可以忽略

#問題7

[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt '123456' '123456'
$1$123456$wOSEtcyiP2N/IfIl15W6Z0
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

default_password_crypted: "$1$123456$wOSEtcyiP2N/IfIl15W6Z0"

配置cobbler-DHCP

#修改cobbler配置

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

manage_dhcp: 1

#修改dhcp.templates配置文件

[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

#10.0.0.0為網(wǎng)段地址

subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             10.0.0.2;
     option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.2;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        10.0.0.100 10.0.0.254;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2018-06-28_125356_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Jun 28 12:53:56 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

#檢查

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lnup|grep dhcp
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           6668/dhcpd

更改nat讓所有機(jī)器都能上網(wǎng)

iptables -F
iptables -t nat -F

#下面改成自己能連接外網(wǎng)的那個(gè)網(wǎng)卡
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlp4s0 -j MASQUERADE
#或者用SNAT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s  192.168.80.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source 10.144.235.10
#也可以轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到網(wǎng)卡
iptables-t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.80.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

導(dǎo)入鏡像

[root@localhost ~]# ls /root/ubuntu-18.04-server-amd64.iso
/root/ubuntu-18.04-server-amd64.iso

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /mnt/ubuntu-18.04-server-amd64

[root@localhost ~]# mount -o loop /root/ubuntu-18.04-server-amd64.iso /mnt/ubuntu-18.04-server-amd64/

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ubuntu-18.04-server-amd64/ --name=ubuntu-18.04-7.9 --arch=x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler repo remove --name=ubuntu-18.04-7.2-x86_64

[root@PXE-Server ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   ubuntu-18.04-7.2-x86_64

profiles:
   ubuntu-18.04-7.9-x86_64


systems:

repos:


images:


mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:


[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler report

Name                           : ubuntu-18.04-7.9-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        :
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : ubuntu-18.04-7.2-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.seed
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 :
Internal proxy                 :
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      :
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : xenpv

mgmtclasses:
==========

packages:
==========

files:
==========



#修改ks文件
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile remove --name=ubuntu-18.04-7.6-x86_64
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile add --name="ubuntu-18.04-7.6-x86_64" --distro=ubuntu-18.04-7.2-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.seed.7.3
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler sync

seed文件

由于自帶源太慢了颗圣，我們刪除了repo,所以只安裝了自帶的ssh,其它的可以等系統(tǒng)安裝好后自行安裝蚌本，同時(shí)文件中還添加了一個(gè)普通用戶

d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US
d-i console-setup/ask_detect boolean false
d-i keyboard-configuration/layoutcode string us
d-i keyboard-configuration/variantcode string
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string $myhostname
d-i time/zone string US/Eastern
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
d-i clock-setup/ntp-server  string ntp.ubuntu.com
d-i mirror/country string manual
d-i mirror/http/hostname string $http_server
d-i mirror/http/directory string $install_source_directory
d-i mirror/http/proxy string
d-i live-installer/net-image string http://$http_server/cobbler/links/$distro_name/install/filesystem.squashfs
d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
d-i partman-auto/method string regular
d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select fsm
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \
fsm :: \
1024 100% 1024 linux-swap method{ swap } \
format{ } \
. \
20480 20480 20480 ext4 method{ format } \
mountpoint{ /tmp } \
format{ } use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \
options/relatime{ relatime } \
. \
1 2048 1000000000 ext4 method{ format } \
mountpoint{ /data } \
format{ } use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \
options/relatime{ relatime } \
.
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition \
select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk
d-i passwd/root-login boolean true
d-i passwd/root-password-crypted paddssword $default_password_crypted
d-i passwd/make-user boolean true
d-i passwd/user-fullname    string ksuser
d-i passwd/username string ksuser
d-i passwd/user-password-crypted    password $1$GzKX2YeQ$0e1.0/A6SvTuVE0l8C3eT1
d-i passwd/user-uid string
d-i user-setup/allow-password-weak  boolean false
d-i user-setup/encrypt-home boolean false
d-i passwd/user-default-groups      string  sudo adm cdrom dialout lpadmin plugdev sambashare
d-i apt-setup/services-select       multiselect security
d-i apt-setup/security_host string mirrors.aliyun.com
d-i apt-setup/security_path string /ubuntu
d-i debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated  string false
$SNIPPET('preseed_apt_repo_config')
# d-i pkgsel/include string ntp ssh wget vim
d-i pkgsel/include string ssh
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
d-i preseed/early_command string wget -O- \
   http://$http_server/cblr/svc/op/script/$what/$name/?script=preseed_early_default | \
   /bin/sh -s
d-i preseed/late_command string   wget -O /target/etc/apt/sources.list    http://$http_server/sources.list ; \
 wget -O /target/etc/locale.conf   http://$http_server/locale.conf ; \
 wget -O /target/etc/default/locale   http://$http_server/locale ; \
 cd /target ; \
 chroot ./ apt-get update

seed文件最后下載了三個(gè)文件囱持，sources.list locale.conf locale
三個(gè)文件放在httpd的目錄/var /www/html/中冬耿，
sources.list 存放apt的源
locale.conf locale 編碼

sources.list

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

locale

#  File generated by update-locale
LANG="en_US"
LANGUAGE="en_US:"
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"

locale.conf

LANG="en_US.UTF-8"

安裝完成坤塞，下面是自己記錄的文件分發(fā)腳本

寫了三個(gè)文件用來做文件批量分發(fā)
wsl1.sh wsl2.sh install.sh

wsl1.sh 做端口掃描冯勉，用Cron跑wsl1.sh就好

#!/bin/bash

export TOP_PID=$$
trap 'exit 1' TERM

exit_script(){
kill -s TERM $TOP_PID
}


if [ -f "/root/install" ];then
exit_script
else
touch /root/install


nmap -sP 192.168.6.0/24 > /root/nampip
echo "" > /root/ip
cat /root/nampip |grep "Nmap scan report for"  | while read myline
do
echo ${myline#*Nmap scan report for} >> /root/ip
done

cat /root/ip |while read myip
do
/root/wsl2.sh $myip
done


rm -rf /root/install
fi

wsl2.sh 用expect來連接做一些操作，在前面的seed文件中摹芙，我們添加了一個(gè)普通用戶灼狰，而且只安裝了ssh,所以我們需要安裝后做一些操作

#!/usr/bin/expect

set host   [lindex $argv 0]
set passwd "ABCabc123"

spawn ssh ksuser@$host
set timeout 5
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"assword:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}

expect "@*"
send "sudo su\r"
expect "password*"
 send "$passwd\r"

################
#下載腳本并執(zhí)行#
################
expect "@*"
send "cd /root/\r"
expect "@*"
send "apt-get install -y wget\r"
set timeout 20
#expect "@*"
#send "apt-get install -y coreutils\r"
#set timeout 20
#expect "@*"
#send "apt-get install -y screen\r"
#set timeout 20
expect "@*"
send "wget http://192.168.6.1/install.sh\r"
set timeout 20
expect "@*"
send "chmod +x /root/install.sh\r"
expect "@*"
send "nohup  /root/install.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 & \r"
send "\r"
#send "screen\r"
#expect "@*"
#send "./install.sh"
expect "@*"
send "exit\r"

install.sh 則是下載到目標(biāo)機(jī)器自動(dòng)跑的腳本，需要放到httpd中

#!/bin/bash

export TOP_PID=$$
trap 'exit 1' TERM

exit_script(){
kill -s TERM $TOP_PID
}

if [ -f "/usr/bin/vim" ];then
rm -rf /root/install.sh.1
exit_script
else

if [ -f "/root/install" ];then

rm -rf /root/install.sh.1
exit_script
else
rm -rf /root/install.sh.1

touch /root/install
apt-get update
apt-get update --fixing
apt-get install -y ubuntu-desktop
apt-get install -y vim

rm -fr /root/install*

reboot
fi

參考資料
cobbler http://www.cnblogs.com/chengtai/p/7161711.html
preseed https://blog.csdn.net/zouyee/article/details/48417775

補(bǔ)充：

cobbler介紹

cobbler是一個(gè)linux服務(wù)器快速網(wǎng)絡(luò)安裝的服務(wù)浮禾，由python開發(fā)交胚，小巧輕便份汗，可以通過PXE方式來快速安裝、重裝物理服務(wù)器蝴簇，同時(shí)還可以管理dhcp杯活、DNS、TFTP军熏、RSYNC以及yum倉庫轩猩、構(gòu)造系統(tǒng)鏡像卷扮，也提供了web界面管理工具（cobbler-web）,還提供了API接口荡澎，方便二次開發(fā)

cobbler的工作流程

[圖片上傳失敗...(image-ed7dee-1565857896188)]

cobbler集成的服務(wù)

pxe服務(wù)
DHCP服務(wù)
DNS服務(wù)管理
kickstart服務(wù)支持
yum
TFTP
電源管理
apache

配置目錄

文件目錄
/etc/cobbler
/etc/cobbler/settings : cobbler 主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/: iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxe: pxe模板文件
/etc/cobbler/power: 電源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/user.conf: web服務(wù)授權(quán)配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest: web訪問的用戶名密碼配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template : dhcp服務(wù)器的的配置末班
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template : dns服務(wù)器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template : tftp服務(wù)的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf : 模塊的配置文件
數(shù)據(jù)目錄：
/var/lib/cobbler/config/: 用于存放distros，system晤锹，profiles 等信息配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/: 用于存放用戶定義的cobbler命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/: 默認(rèn)存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/: 存放各種引導(dǎo)程序 ? 鏡像目錄
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/: 導(dǎo)入的發(fā)行版系統(tǒng)的所有數(shù)據(jù)
/var/www/cobbler/images/ : 導(dǎo)入發(fā)行版的kernel和initrd鏡像用于遠(yuǎn)程網(wǎng)絡(luò)啟動(dòng)
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/: yum 倉庫存儲(chǔ)目錄
日志目錄：
/var/log/cobbler/installing: 客戶端安裝日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log : cobbler日志

命令介紹

cobbler check 核對(duì)當(dāng)前設(shè)置是否有問題
cobbler list 列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report 列出元素的詳細(xì)信息
cobbler sync 同步配置到數(shù)據(jù)目錄,更改配置最好都要執(zhí)行下
cobbler reposync 同步y(tǒng)um倉庫
cobbler distro 查看導(dǎo)入的發(fā)行版系統(tǒng)信息
cobbler system 查看添加的系統(tǒng)信息
cobbler profile 查看配置信息

cobbler的安裝

查看系統(tǒng)信息

 # cat /etc/redhat-release
 CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
 # uname -r 
 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
 # hostname -I
 192.168.1.110 172.17.0.1
復(fù)制代碼

關(guān)閉防火墻摩幔、selinux等

配置epel源

 rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-10.noarch.rpm
復(fù)制代碼

安裝cobbler等軟件

 yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler  xinetd cobbler-web
復(fù)制代碼

啟動(dòng)相關(guān)服務(wù)

 systemctl start httpd
 systemctl enable httpd
 systemctl start cobblerd
 systemctl enable cobblerd
復(fù)制代碼

檢查當(dāng)前配置存在的錯(cuò)誤
```
 corrbler check
復(fù)制代碼
```

解決存在的問題

 1.sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.1.110/' /etc/cobbler/settings
 2.sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.1.110/' /etc/cobbler/settings
 3.修改/etc/xinetc/xinetd.d/tftp中disable的yes為no
 4.cobbler  get-loaders 下載缺失的文件
 5.systemctl enable rsync
 6.openssl passwd -1 -salt '123123' '123123'
 7.vim /etc/cobbler/setting
 default_password_crypted:'上一步生成的密碼'
 8.cobbler check
 9.systemctl restart cobblerd 
 10.cobbler sync
復(fù)制代碼

配置cobbler-DHCP

 1.vim /etc/cobbler/settings
 manage_dhcp: 1
 2.vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
 subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
 option routers             192.168.1.1;
 option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;
 option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
 range dynamic-bootp        192.168.1.100 192.168.1.250;
 3.systemctl restart cobblerd
 4.cobbler sync
復(fù)制代碼

導(dǎo)入鏡像

 mount /dev/cdrom  /mnt
 cobbler import --path=/mnt  --name=--name=CentOS7-X86_64  --arch=x86_64
 cobbler list
 cobbler distro list
 yum install tree -y
 tree /var/lib/tftpboot/images
 cobbler profile report
 cobbler sync
復(fù)制代碼

10.重啟各服務(wù)

    systemctl restart cobblerd.service
    systemctl restart dhcpd.service
    systemctl restart xinetd.service
    systemctl restart httpd.service

ubuntu seed配置詳解

https://www.debian.org/releases/etch/arm/apbs04.html.zh_CN
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/installation-guide/armhf/apbs04.html
https://www.debian.org/releases/etch/example-preseed.txt

最后編輯于：2019.11.12 22:31:19

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CentOS7.4安裝cobbler實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化安裝ubuntu18.04

配置yum源

開始安裝Cobbler

安裝cobbler以及相關(guān)的軟件

配置cobbler-DHCP

導(dǎo)入鏡像

seed文件

安裝完成坤塞，下面是自己記錄的文件分發(fā)腳本

cobbler介紹

cobbler的工作流程

cobbler集成的服務(wù)

配置目錄

命令介紹

cobbler的安裝

ubuntu seed配置詳解

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