?閱讀內(nèi)容: 《窮查理寶典》 Poor Charlie's Almanack---Talk Ten
USC Gould School Of Law Commencement?Address
Summary
This talk was made by Charles T. Munger at the University of Southern California on May 13, 2007.
He offered?insights into the practices that have contributed to his success and to his standing as one of ?the wealthiest?people in the world. He observed that the acquisition of wisdom is a moral duty and stressed that, while attending law school, he realized the best road to success in life and learning would be a multi-disciplinary one.
首先，芒格從在場的父母家長身上引出他一直很崇拜的孔子關(guān)于“孝道”的思想亡脸，All my life I have admired Confucius. I like the idea of "filial piety," of ideas or values that are taught and duties that come naturally, that shouldbe passed onto the next generation.?
The sacrifices, and the wisdom, and the value transfer, that come from one generation to the next should always be appreciated.父母為子女付出了許多心血，把智慧和價(jià)值觀傳授給子女昂灵，他們應(yīng)該永遠(yuǎn)受到尊敬衷模。
接下來，介紹那些對他來說最有用的道理和態(tài)度：（注意啦！都是干貨案睦馈！）
1缤言，?the safest?way to try to get what you want is to try to deserve what?you want.
芒格從小就明白這樣一個(gè)道理：要得到你想要的某樣?xùn)|西宝当，最可靠的辦法是讓你自己配得起它。也就是你的行動(dòng)要配得上你的野心胆萧。擁有這種精神的人在生活中也能夠贏得許多東西庆揩，不只是金錢和名譽(yù)，還贏得尊敬和信任跌穗。（想到自己間歇性躊躇滿志持續(xù)性混吃等死订晌，做事三天打魚兩天曬網(wǎng)，不禁掩面自拾鑫Ｌ诮觥）
2， there's no love that's so right as admiration-based?love, and such love should include the instructive?dead.
正確的愛應(yīng)該以仰慕為基礎(chǔ)套利，而且我們應(yīng)該去愛那些對我們有教育意義的先賢推励。我的理解是，正確的愛應(yīng)該是讓人尊敬肉迫、向往的验辞，并且要善于向已故的先賢學(xué)習(xí)。所以站在巨人的肩膀上喊衫，也是一條提高自身素質(zhì)的捷徑坝嘈贰奖亚！
3办铡，the acquisition of wisdom?is a moral duty.
lt requires that you're?hooked on lifetime learning.
I constantly see people rise in life who?are not the smartest, sometimes not even the most diligent. But they are learning machines. They go to bed every?night a little wiser than they were that?morning.
獲得智慧是一種道德責(zé)任槽惫，它不僅讓生活變得更加美好。而且必須堅(jiān)持終身學(xué)習(xí)粹污。如果沒有終身學(xué)習(xí)，大家將不會(huì)取得很高的成就。芒格舉了他的好基友巴菲特為例互纯，If you watched him with a time clock, you'd find that about half of his waking time is spent reading.（其實(shí)除了查理芒格、巴菲特這些功成名就大名鼎鼎的例子磕蒲，最近網(wǎng)絡(luò)上比較知名的大V們?nèi)缋钚砹袅省⒉苷⒋笸婕覐埨诘热死蓖际菒圩x書愛學(xué)習(xí)的好榜樣巴迷骸！李笑來的有句簽名就是“一生只有一個(gè)職業(yè)-----學(xué)生”）其中芒格提到一定要學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)的方法站削，一句話總結(jié)就是“學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)再學(xué)習(xí)”坊萝！而且要多實(shí)踐，才能學(xué)以致用许起！
4十偶，practicing a multi-disciplinary approach
Yotr have to learn many things in?such a way that they're in a mental latticework in?your head and your automatically use them the rest of?your life.
掌握跨學(xué)科的方法和思維習(xí)慣，只要得到正確的實(shí)踐街氢，真的很有幫助扯键。但這種習(xí)慣也會(huì)帶來危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗杏昧恕?/p>
5珊肃，If you turn problems around into reverse, you often think better.
inversion will help you solve problems that you can't otherwise?handle.
逆向思維的重要性荣刑。
什么會(huì)讓我們在生活中失敗呢？我們應(yīng)該避免什么呢伦乔？答案其實(shí)很簡單：
avoid?sloth and unreliability 懶惰和言而無信會(huì)讓我們在生活中失敗
avoid extremely intense?ideology 極端強(qiáng)烈的意識形態(tài)會(huì)讓人們喪失理智
avoid "self-serving bias" 這種“自我服務(wù)偏好”的心理因素也經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致人們做傻事厉亏，比如透支收入。別以為對你們有利的就是對整個(gè)社會(huì)有利的烈和，也別根據(jù)這種自我中心的潛意識傾向來為你們愚蠢或邪惡的行為辯解爱只，那是一種可怕的思考方式。但如果你不能容忍別人在行動(dòng)中表現(xiàn)出自我服務(wù)的偏好招刹，那么你又是傻瓜恬试。"lf you would persuade, appeal to interest, not to reason." The?self-serving bias of man is extreme and should have been used in attaining the?correct outcome.
avoid "envy, resentment, revenge and self-pity" 妒忌、怨恨疯暑、報(bào)復(fù)和自憐都是災(zāi)難性的思想狀態(tài)训柴。過度自憐可以讓人近乎偏執(zhí)。而偏執(zhí)是最難逆轉(zhuǎn)的東西之一妇拯。（這段話讓我想起了魯迅筆下祥林嫂的故事）
avoid being subjected to perverse incentives. 變態(tài)的激勵(lì)機(jī)制具有控制人類認(rèn)知和人類行為的強(qiáng)大力量幻馁，人們應(yīng)該避免受它影響洗鸵。Perverse associations are also to be avoided.要特別避免在你們不崇敬或不想像他一樣的人手下干活。主張要在正確的仰慕的人手下工作仗嗦，在生活中才能取得更令人滿意的成就膘滨。
Engaging in routines that allow you to maintain objectivity are, of course, very helpful to cognition. And one also needs checklist routines.要保持客觀公正的生活態(tài)度，并且要養(yǎng)成核對檢查清單的習(xí)慣稀拐。
6火邓，maximizing non-egality will often?work wonders. 將不平等最大化通常能收到奇效。
I?think the game of competitive life often requires maximizing the experience of?the people who have the most aptitude and the most determination as learning?machines. And if you want the very highest reaches of human achievement, that's?where you have to go. 這段話再次讓我想起了馬太效應(yīng)和二八原則钩蚊。
7贡翘，In this world I think we have two kinds of knowledge: One is Planck knowledge, that of the people who really know. They've paid the dues, they have the aptitude. Then we've got chauffeur knowledge. 要努力成為擁有普朗克知識的人蹈矮，避免成為擁有司機(jī)知識的人砰逻。要真正的理解、掌握知識泛鸟，而不是看上去懂了蝠咆。特別是不要不懂裝懂。
8北滥，intense interest in any subject is?indispensable if you're really going to excel in it. 要想辦法去做那些你有強(qiáng)烈興趣的事情刚操，你才會(huì)更出色！
9再芋，have a lot of assiduity. 要勤奮菊霜！多做事！多干活济赎！別偷懶鉴逞！
10，life is very likely to provide terrible blows, unfair blows. Some people recover, and others don't. And there I think the attitude of Epictetus helps guide one to the right reaction. He thought that every mischance in life, however bad, created an opportunity to behave well. He believed every mischance provided an opportunity to learn something useful. And one's duty was not to become immersed in self-pity, but to utilize each terrible blow in a constructive fashion. 碰到難關(guān)司训，說不定柳暗花明又一村呢构捡！把困難當(dāng)做磨練、提高自己的機(jī)會(huì)——不要在自怨自艾中沉淪壳猜。
11勾徽，prudence as the servant of duty. 節(jié)儉是責(zé)任的仆人。要量入為出统扳，深謀遠(yuǎn)慮喘帚，未雨綢繆。這樣咒钟，當(dāng)麻煩來臨時(shí)就能早已做好準(zhǔn)備吹由！高筑墻 廣積糧 緩稱王！
12盯腌，complex bureaucratic procedure does not represent the highest reach. One higher form is a seamless, non-bureaucratic web?of deserved trust. Not much fancy procedure, just totally?reliable people correctly trusting one another.?
So never forget, when you're a lawyer, that while you may have to sell procedure, you don't always have to buy. ln your own life what you want?to maximize is a seamless web of deserved trust.
這個(gè)道理主要是對即將要成為律師的學(xué)生說溉知，因?yàn)樗麄冊趯⒁獜氖碌男袠I(yè)中有大量的程序和繁文縟節(jié)，雖然工作中要遵守程序，但不要總是被程序牽著鼻子走级乍，而應(yīng)該追求的是盡可能地培養(yǎng)一張無縫的信任之網(wǎng)舌劳。
最后，查理芒格用一句話結(jié)束這次演講：
"My sword I?leave to him who can wield it."?
我的劍傳給能揮舞它的人玫荣。
Vocabulary?
ethos? ['i.θɑs]? n.
1.?（某團(tuán)體或社會(huì)的）道德思想甚淡，道德觀 the moral ideas and attitudes that belong to a particular group or society
waggish? ['w?ɡ??]? adj.
1.?詼諧的；打趣的 funny, clever and not serious
encapsulate? [?n'k?psj?.le?t]? v.
1.?簡述捅厂；概括贯卦；壓縮 to express the most important parts of sth in a few words, a small space or a single object
paranoia? [.per?'n???]? n.
1.?偏執(zhí)狂；妄想癥 a mental illness in which a person may wrongly believe that other people are trying to harm them, that they are sb very important, etc.
perverse? [p?r'v?s]? adj.
1.?執(zhí)拗的焙贷；任性的撵割；不通情理的 showing deliberate determination to behave in a way that most people think is wrong, unacceptable or unreasonable
doggone? ['d?ɡ.ɡ?n]? adj.
1.?（表示惱怒或驚訝）該死的，討厭的辙芍，他媽的 used to show that you are annoyed or surprised
apocryphal? [?'pɑkr?f(?)l]? adj.
1.?流傳甚廣但不足為憑的啡彬；虛構(gòu)的 well known, but probably not true
protagonist? [pro?'t?ɡ?n?st]? n.
1.?（戲劇、電影故硅、書的）主要人物庶灿，主人公，主角 the main character in a play, film/movie or book
chauffeur? [?o?'f?r]? n.
1.?（尤指富人或要人的）司機(jī) a person whose job is to drive a car, especially for sb rich or important
filial piety ??孝道吃衅；孝順
mumbo jumbo??
1.?繁瑣嚴(yán)肅但無意義的語言（或儀式）往踢；繁文縟節(jié)；胡言亂語 language or a ceremony that seems complicated and important but is actually without real sense or meaning; nonsense
Ps: 一些碎碎念
一眨眼 2017年的三分之一就快結(jié)束了徘层！
馬上迎來五一長達(dá)三天的假期峻呕，先任性地放飛一下自我吧~
今年初我開始正式踏入股票市場，經(jīng)歷過短暫盈利的一兩個(gè)月后惑灵，這個(gè)月開始大部分飄綠山上，而大盤半個(gè)月也跌掉近200點(diǎn)，哀鴻遍野~
其實(shí)我看到這個(gè)局面英支，內(nèi)心還是有點(diǎn)喜悅的佩憾。因?yàn)槲疫€在建倉中，大跌正是可以買入的好時(shí)機(jī)案苫ā妄帘！不過后來看到專業(yè)人士提醒不要隨便補(bǔ)倉，市場還不明朗于是只好作罷池凄。不過不買入抡驼，又不想賣出還在虧損中的股票，手癢怎么辦肿仑？只好打起幾只有盈利的股票的主意致盟，賣了其中兩只盈利10%左右的部分股票～
可能因?yàn)樽约憾喽嗌偕偃胧星跋攘私膺^股市的激蕩浮沉的殘酷碎税，也可能是我還沒經(jīng)歷過真正的股災(zāi)，所以馏锡，還是很泰然自若的~
虧損中的股票腫么辦雷蹂？我暫時(shí)不擔(dān)心這么多，因?yàn)榘褧r(shí)間線拉長的話杯道，市場每一次大的波動(dòng)匪煌，都只不過是一張白紙上的小小皺褶~希望N年后這些股票又是一條好漢~
而且，也要學(xué)以致用党巾，Do as Munger do!
