Android 高德地圖顯示地圖

前言

地圖的基本應(yīng)用，現(xiàn)在對于一個開發(fā)者來說，是一個基本的要素乏屯，能否熟練的掌握地圖的基本使用（以高德地圖為例），對我們在工作中有很大的幫助瘦赫。我們就以高德地圖官方Demo（BasicMapActivity）為示例辰晕，解析高德地圖中經(jīng)常用到的功能。
那么我們先看效果圖：

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地圖

衛(wèi)星地圖

夜間模式

導(dǎo)航模式

以上就是不同模式下的基本地圖顯示

注意事項

權(quán)限聲明
key及SHA1
模式切換
個性化地圖

權(quán)限聲明

使用地圖SDK之前确虱，需要在 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中進行相關(guān)權(quán)限設(shè)置含友，確保地圖功能可以正常使用。如有不明白的地方校辩，可參考官方地址進行詳細了解窘问。
當(dāng)然，在AndroidManifest.xml清單文件中配置權(quán)限完成之后宜咒，在頁面中加載的時候惠赫，也不能忘記在界面中對于地圖權(quán)定位等相關(guān)權(quán)限的申請。示例代碼如下：

屬性：needCheckBackLocation

提示是否需要檢測后臺定位權(quán)限故黑，設(shè)置為true時儿咱，如果用戶沒有給予后臺定位權(quán)限會彈窗提示。

屬性：BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION

如果設(shè)置了target > 28场晶，需要增加這個權(quán)限混埠，否則不會彈出"始終允許"這個選擇框

    //是否需要檢測后臺定位權(quán)限，設(shè)置為true時诗轻，如果用戶沒有給予后臺定位權(quán)限會彈窗提示
    private boolean needCheckBackLocation = false;
    //如果設(shè)置了target > 28钳宪，需要增加這個權(quán)限，否則不會彈出"始終允許"這個選擇框
    private static String BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION = "android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION";

需要聲明的權(quán)限列表

private void initPermissions() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > 28
                && getApplicationContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion > 28) {
            needPermissions = new String[]{
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
                    Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,
                    BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION
            };
            needCheckBackLocation = true;
        }
    }

權(quán)限檢查相關(guān)代碼

    /**
     * 需要進行檢測的權(quán)限數(shù)組
     */
    protected String[] needPermissions = {
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
            Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
            Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
            Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,
            BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION
    };
    private static final int PERMISSON_REQUESTCODE = 0;

    /**
     * 判斷是否需要檢測扳炬，防止不停的彈框
     */
    private boolean isNeedCheck = true;

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        try {
            super.onResume();
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
                if (isNeedCheck) {
                    checkPermissions(needPermissions);
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    @TargetApi(23)
    private void checkPermissions(String... permissions) {
        try {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23 && getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= 23) {
                List<String> needRequestPermissonList = findDeniedPermissions(permissions);
                if (null != needRequestPermissonList
                        && needRequestPermissonList.size() > 0) {
                    try {
                        String[] array = needRequestPermissonList.toArray(new String[needRequestPermissonList.size()]);
                        Method method = getClass().getMethod("requestPermissions", new Class[]{String[].class, int.class});
                        method.invoke(this, array, 0);
                    } catch (Throwable e) {

                    }
                }
            }

        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 獲取權(quán)限集中需要申請權(quán)限的列表
     *
     * @param permissions
     * @return
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    @TargetApi(23)
    private List<String> findDeniedPermissions(String[] permissions) {
        try {
            List<String> needRequestPermissonList = new ArrayList<String>();
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23 && getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= 23) {
                for (String perm : permissions) {
                    if (checkMySelfPermission(perm) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                            || shouldShowMyRequestPermissionRationale(perm)) {
                        if (!needCheckBackLocation
                                && BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION.equals(perm)) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        needRequestPermissonList.add(perm);
                    }
                }
            }
            return needRequestPermissonList;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    private int checkMySelfPermission(String perm) {
        try {
            Method method = getClass().getMethod("checkSelfPermission", new Class[]{String.class});
            Integer permissionInt = (Integer) method.invoke(this, perm);
            return permissionInt;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
        }
        return -1;
    }

    private boolean shouldShowMyRequestPermissionRationale(String perm) {
        try {
            Method method = getClass().getMethod("shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale", new Class[]{String.class});
            Boolean permissionInt = (Boolean) method.invoke(this, perm);
            return permissionInt;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 檢測是否說有的權(quán)限都已經(jīng)授權(quán)
     *
     * @param grantResults
     * @return
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    private boolean verifyPermissions(int[] grantResults) {
        try {
            for (int result : grantResults) {
                if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }

    @TargetApi(23)
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] paramArrayOfInt) {
        try {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
                if (requestCode == PERMISSON_REQUESTCODE) {
                    if (!verifyPermissions(paramArrayOfInt)) {
                        showMissingPermissionDialog();
                        isNeedCheck = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 顯示提示信息
     *
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    private void showMissingPermissionDialog() {
        try {
            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
            builder.setTitle("提示");
            builder.setMessage("當(dāng)前應(yīng)用缺少必要權(quán)限吏颖。\\n\\n請點擊\\\"設(shè)置\\\"-\\\"權(quán)限\\\"-打開所需權(quán)限");
            // 拒絕, 退出應(yīng)用
            builder.setNegativeButton("取消",
                    new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            try {
                                finish();
                            } catch (Throwable e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    });

            builder.setPositiveButton("設(shè)置",
                    new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            try {
                                startAppSettings();
                            } catch (Throwable e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    });
            builder.setCancelable(false);
            builder.show();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 啟動應(yīng)用的設(shè)置
     *
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    private void startAppSettings() {
        try {
            Intent intent = new Intent(
                    Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
            intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));
            startActivity(intent);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

key及SHA1

key及SHA1中官方文檔中有詳細說明，不再介紹
點我獲取key鞠柄，在控制臺中添加新的應(yīng)用
 點我查看Key注冊時必要數(shù)據(jù)SHA1和包名的獲取方法

模式切換

官方文檔中 Android 地圖 SDK 提供了幾種預(yù)置的地圖圖層侦高，包括衛(wèi)星圖、白晝地圖（即最常見的黃白色地圖）厌杜、夜景地圖奉呛、導(dǎo)航地圖计螺、路況圖層。

AMap.MAP_TYPE_NORMAL：矢量地圖模式
AMap.MAP_TYPE_SATELLITE：衛(wèi)星地圖模式
AMap.MAP_TYPE_NIGHT：夜景地圖模式
AMap.MAP_TYPE_NAVI：導(dǎo)航地圖模式

完整示例代碼

public class MainActivity extends ListActivity {
    /**
     * 存儲數(shù)據(jù)
     */
    private static class DemoDetails {
        private final int titleId;
        private final int descriptionId;
        private final Class<? extends android.app.Activity> activityClass;

        public DemoDetails(int titleId, int descriptionId,
                           Class<? extends android.app.Activity> activityClass) {
            super();
            this.titleId = titleId;
            this.descriptionId = descriptionId;
            this.activityClass = activityClass;
        }
    }

    //是否需要檢測后臺定位權(quán)限瞧壮，設(shè)置為true時登馒，如果用戶沒有給予后臺定位權(quán)限會彈窗提示
    private boolean needCheckBackLocation = false;
    //如果設(shè)置了target > 28陈轿，需要增加這個權(quán)限，否則不會彈出"始終允許"這個選擇框
    private static String BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION = "android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION";

    private static class CustomArrayAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<DemoDetails> {
        public CustomArrayAdapter(Context context, DemoDetails[] demos) {
            super(context, R.layout.feature, R.id.title, demos);
        }

        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            FeatureView featureView;
            if (convertView instanceof FeatureView) {
                featureView = (FeatureView) convertView;
            } else {
                featureView = new FeatureView(getContext());
            }
            DemoDetails demo = getItem(position);
            featureView.setTitleId(demo.titleId, demo.activityClass != null);
            return featureView;
        }
    }

    private static final DemoDetails[] demos = {
            new DemoDetails(R.string.map_create, R.string.blank, null),
            new DemoDetails(R.string.basic_map, R.string.basic_description, BasicMapActivity.class)//顯示地圖
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        initPermissions();

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        setTitle("3D地圖Demo" + MapsInitializer.getVersion());
        ListAdapter adapter = new CustomArrayAdapter(
                this.getApplicationContext(), demos);
        setListAdapter(adapter);
    }

    private void initPermissions() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > 28
                && getApplicationContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion > 28) {
            needPermissions = new String[]{
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
                    Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,
                    BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION
            };
            needCheckBackLocation = true;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        super.onBackPressed();
        System.exit(0);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
        DemoDetails demo = (DemoDetails) getListAdapter().getItem(position);
        if (demo.activityClass != null) {
            Log.i("MY","demo!=null");
            startActivity(new Intent(this.getApplicationContext(), demo.activityClass));
        }
    }
    /**
     * 需要進行檢測的權(quán)限數(shù)組
     */
    protected String[] needPermissions = {
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
            Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
            Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
            Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,
            BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION
    };
    private static final int PERMISSON_REQUESTCODE = 0;

    /**
     * 判斷是否需要檢測麦射，防止不停的彈框
     */
    private boolean isNeedCheck = true;

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        try {
            super.onResume();
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
                if (isNeedCheck) {
                    checkPermissions(needPermissions);
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    @TargetApi(23)
    private void checkPermissions(String... permissions) {
        try {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23 && getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= 23) {
                List<String> needRequestPermissonList = findDeniedPermissions(permissions);
                if (null != needRequestPermissonList
                        && needRequestPermissonList.size() > 0) {
                    try {
                        String[] array = needRequestPermissonList.toArray(new String[needRequestPermissonList.size()]);
                        Method method = getClass().getMethod("requestPermissions", new Class[]{String[].class, int.class});
                        method.invoke(this, array, 0);
                    } catch (Throwable e) {

                    }
                }
            }

        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 獲取權(quán)限集中需要申請權(quán)限的列表
     *
     * @param permissions
     * @return
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    @TargetApi(23)
    private List<String> findDeniedPermissions(String[] permissions) {
        try {
            List<String> needRequestPermissonList = new ArrayList<String>();
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23 && getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= 23) {
                for (String perm : permissions) {
                    if (checkMySelfPermission(perm) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                            || shouldShowMyRequestPermissionRationale(perm)) {
                        if (!needCheckBackLocation
                                && BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION.equals(perm)) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        needRequestPermissonList.add(perm);
                    }
                }
            }
            return needRequestPermissonList;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    private int checkMySelfPermission(String perm) {
        try {
            Method method = getClass().getMethod("checkSelfPermission", new Class[]{String.class});
            Integer permissionInt = (Integer) method.invoke(this, perm);
            return permissionInt;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
        }
        return -1;
    }

    private boolean shouldShowMyRequestPermissionRationale(String perm) {
        try {
            Method method = getClass().getMethod("shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale", new Class[]{String.class});
            Boolean permissionInt = (Boolean) method.invoke(this, perm);
            return permissionInt;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 檢測是否說有的權(quán)限都已經(jīng)授權(quán)
     *
     * @param grantResults
     * @return
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    private boolean verifyPermissions(int[] grantResults) {
        try {
            for (int result : grantResults) {
                if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }

    @TargetApi(23)
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] paramArrayOfInt) {
        try {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
                if (requestCode == PERMISSON_REQUESTCODE) {
                    if (!verifyPermissions(paramArrayOfInt)) {
                        showMissingPermissionDialog();
                        isNeedCheck = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 顯示提示信息
     *
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    private void showMissingPermissionDialog() {
        try {
            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
            builder.setTitle("提示");
            builder.setMessage("當(dāng)前應(yīng)用缺少必要權(quán)限。\\n\\n請點擊\\\"設(shè)置\\\"-\\\"權(quán)限\\\"-打開所需權(quán)限");
            // 拒絕, 退出應(yīng)用
            builder.setNegativeButton("取消",
                    new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            try {
                                finish();
                            } catch (Throwable e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    });

            builder.setPositiveButton("設(shè)置",
                    new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            try {
                                startAppSettings();
                            } catch (Throwable e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    });
            builder.setCancelable(false);
            builder.show();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 啟動應(yīng)用的設(shè)置
     *
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    private void startAppSettings() {
        try {
            Intent intent = new Intent(
                    Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
            intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));
            startActivity(intent);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Android 高德地圖 顯示地圖

前言