轉(zhuǎn)載自:http://www.cnblogs.com/dolphin0520/p/3932906.html
一右锨、阻塞隊(duì)列:
對(duì)隊(duì)列阻塞寨蹋,實(shí)現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者-生產(chǎn)者模型陵且。
阻塞隊(duì)列為于juc包下破花。
二禁添、阻塞隊(duì)列方法和非阻塞隊(duì)列方法
1.非阻塞隊(duì)列中的幾個(gè)主要方法:
add(E e):將元素e插入到隊(duì)列末尾纠炮,如果插入成功,則返回true;如果插入失斢糖邸(即隊(duì)列已滿(mǎn)),則會(huì)拋出異常鞠绰;
remove():移除隊(duì)首元素腰埂,若移除成功,則返回true蜈膨;如果移除失斢炝(隊(duì)列為空),則會(huì)拋出異常翁巍;
offer(E e):將元素e插入到隊(duì)列末尾驴一,如果插入成功,則返回true灶壶;如果插入失敻味稀(即隊(duì)列已滿(mǎn)),則返回false驰凛;
poll():移除并獲取隊(duì)首元素胸懈,若成功,則返回隊(duì)首元素洒嗤;否則返回null箫荡;
peek():獲取隊(duì)首元素魁亦,若成功渔隶,則返回隊(duì)首元素;否則返回null
對(duì)于非阻塞隊(duì)列洁奈,一般情況下建議使用offer间唉、poll和peek三個(gè)方法,不建議使用add和remove方法利术。因?yàn)槭褂胦ffer呈野、poll和peek三個(gè)方法可以通過(guò)返回值判斷操作成功與否,而使用add和remove方法卻不能達(dá)到這樣的效果印叁。注意被冒,非阻塞隊(duì)列中的方法都沒(méi)有進(jìn)行同步措施。
2.阻塞隊(duì)列中的幾個(gè)主要方法:
阻塞隊(duì)列包括了非阻塞隊(duì)列中的大部分方法轮蜕,上面列舉的5個(gè)方法在阻塞隊(duì)列中都存在昨悼,但是要注意這5個(gè)方法在阻塞隊(duì)列中都進(jìn)行了同步措施。除此之外跃洛,阻塞隊(duì)列提供了另外4個(gè)非常有用的方法:
put(E e)
take()
offer(E e,long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
put方法用來(lái)向隊(duì)尾存入元素率触,如果隊(duì)列滿(mǎn),則等待汇竭;
take方法用來(lái)從隊(duì)首取元素葱蝗,如果隊(duì)列為空穴张,則等待;
offer方法用來(lái)向隊(duì)尾存入元素两曼,如果隊(duì)列滿(mǎn)皂甘,則等待一定的時(shí)間,當(dāng)時(shí)間期限達(dá)到時(shí)悼凑,如果還沒(méi)有插入成功叮贩,則返回false;否則返回true佛析;
poll方法用來(lái)從隊(duì)首取元素益老,如果隊(duì)列空,則等待一定的時(shí)間寸莫,當(dāng)時(shí)間期限達(dá)到時(shí)捺萌,如果取到,則返回null膘茎;否則返回取得的元素桃纯;
**三:阻塞隊(duì)列實(shí)現(xiàn)原理
public class ArrayBlockingQueue<E> extends AbstractQueue<E>
implements BlockingQueue<E>, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -817911632652898426L;
/** The queued items */
private final E[] items;
/** items index for next take, poll or remove */
private int takeIndex;
/** items index for next put, offer, or add. */
private int putIndex;
/** Number of items in the queue */
private int count;
/*
* Concurrency control uses the classic two-condition algorithm
* found in any textbook.
*/
/** Main lock guarding all access */
private final ReentrantLock lock;
/** Condition for waiting takes */
private final Condition notEmpty;
/** Condition for waiting puts */
private final Condition notFull;
}
可以看出,ArrayBlockingQueue中用來(lái)存儲(chǔ)元素的實(shí)際上是一個(gè)數(shù)組披坏,takeIndex和putIndex分別表示隊(duì)首元素和隊(duì)尾元素的下標(biāo)态坦,count表示隊(duì)列中元素的個(gè)數(shù)。
lock是一個(gè)可重入鎖棒拂,notEmpty和notFull是等待條件伞梯。
下面看一下ArrayBlockingQueue的構(gòu)造器,構(gòu)造器有三個(gè)重載版本:
public ArrayBlockingQueue(int capacity) {
}
public ArrayBlockingQueue(int capacity, boolean fair) {
}
public ArrayBlockingQueue(int capacity, boolean fair,
Collection<? extends E> c) {
}
然后看它的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵方法的實(shí)現(xiàn):put()和take():
public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException {
if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
final E[] items = this.items;
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
try {
while (count == items.length)
notFull.await();
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
notFull.signal(); // propagate to non-interrupted thread
throw ie;
}
insert(e);
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
從put方法的實(shí)現(xiàn)可以看出帚屉,它先獲取了鎖谜诫,并且獲取的是可中斷鎖,然后判斷當(dāng)前元素個(gè)數(shù)是否等于數(shù)組的長(zhǎng)度攻旦,如果相等喻旷,則調(diào)用notFull.await()進(jìn)行等待,如果捕獲到中斷異常牢屋,則喚醒線(xiàn)程并拋出異常且预。
當(dāng)被其他線(xiàn)程喚醒時(shí),通過(guò)insert(e)方法插入元素烙无,最后解鎖锋谐。
我們看一下insert方法的實(shí)現(xiàn):
private void insert(E x) {
items[putIndex] = x;
putIndex = inc(putIndex);
++count;
notEmpty.signal();
}
它是一個(gè)private方法,插入成功后皱炉,通過(guò)notEmpty喚醒正在等待取元素的線(xiàn)程怀估。
下面是take()方法的實(shí)現(xiàn):
public E take() throws InterruptedException {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
try {
while (count == 0)
notEmpty.await();
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
notEmpty.signal(); // propagate to non-interrupted thread
throw ie;
}
E x = extract();
return x;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
跟put方法實(shí)現(xiàn)很類(lèi)似,只不過(guò)put方法等待的是notFull信號(hào),而take方法等待的是notEmpty信號(hào)多搀。在take方法中歧蕉,如果可以取元素,則通過(guò)extract方法取得元素康铭,下面是extract方法的實(shí)現(xiàn):
private E extract() {
final E[] items = this.items;
E x = items[takeIndex];
items[takeIndex] = null;
takeIndex = inc(takeIndex);
--count;
notFull.signal();
return x;
}
跟insert方法也很類(lèi)似惯退。
其實(shí)從這里大家應(yīng)該明白了阻塞隊(duì)列的實(shí)現(xiàn)原理,事實(shí)它和我們用Object.wait()从藤、Object.notify()和非阻塞隊(duì)列實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)者-消費(fèi)者的思路類(lèi)似催跪,只不過(guò)它把這些工作一起集成到了阻塞隊(duì)列中實(shí)現(xiàn)。
四:示例和使用場(chǎng)景
普通隊(duì)列實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)者消費(fèi)者模型
public class Test {
private int queueSize = 10;
private PriorityQueue<Integer> queue = new PriorityQueue<Integer>(queueSize);
public static void main(String[] args) {
Test test = new Test();
Producer producer = test.new Producer();
Consumer consumer = test.new Consumer();
producer.start();
consumer.start();
}
class Consumer extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
consume();
}
private void consume() {
while(true){
synchronized (queue) {
while(queue.size() == 0){
try {
System.out.println("隊(duì)列空夷野,等待數(shù)據(jù)");
queue.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
queue.notify();
}
}
queue.poll(); //每次移走隊(duì)首元素
queue.notify();
System.out.println("從隊(duì)列取走一個(gè)元素懊蒸,隊(duì)列剩余"+queue.size()+"個(gè)元素");
}
}
}
}
class Producer extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
produce();
}
private void produce() {
while(true){
synchronized (queue) {
while(queue.size() == queueSize){
try {
System.out.println("隊(duì)列滿(mǎn),等待有空余空間");
queue.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
queue.notify();
}
}
queue.offer(1); //每次插入一個(gè)元素
queue.notify();
System.out.println("向隊(duì)列取中插入一個(gè)元素悯搔,隊(duì)列剩余空間:"+(queueSize-queue.size()));
}
}
}
}
}
阻塞隊(duì)列實(shí)現(xiàn)
public class Tttt {
ArrayBlockingQueue<Integer> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<Integer>(10);
class Consumer1 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
consume();
}
private void consume(){
while (true){
try {
queue.take();
System.out.println("從隊(duì)列中取走一個(gè)骑丸,剩下"+queue.size());
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
class Producer extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
produce();
}
private void produce(){
while (true){
try {
queue.put(1);
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Tttt test = new Tttt();
Producer producer = test.new Producer();
Consumer1 consumer1 = test.new Consumer1();
producer.start();
consumer1.start();
}
}