這篇譯文來(lái)自于darlingtolivefully.com，作者是Marelisa炬转，這篇文章是作者在看了Chris Lonsdale的TED演講后做的一個(gè)總結(jié)趟佃。Chris的演講是我在跑步的時(shí)候聽(tīng)到的，聽(tīng)完后覺(jué)得文章內(nèi)容很有意思冀膝，作者分享的關(guān)于語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的觀點(diǎn)很有啟發(fā)浮庐，所以就去網(wǎng)上找到了這篇文章，翻譯出來(lái)分析給大家柬焕，和大家一起學(xué)習(xí)审残。
目錄：
1.前言
2.五個(gè)原則
3.7個(gè)方法
一.前言
Chris Lonsdale is a psychologist from New Zealand who runs a company in Hong Kong. He’s been interested in accelerated learning his whole life. After spending many years assessing all of the research available on language learning, he was able to formulate five principles and seven actions that will allow any normal adult to learn a new language and speak it fluently in six months.
Chris Lonsdale 是一位來(lái)自于新西蘭的心理學(xué)家，在香港運(yùn)營(yíng)著一家公司斑举。他的一生都在研究加速學(xué)習(xí)搅轿。在花了許多年評(píng)估所有手邊的關(guān)于語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的研究后，他得出5條原則和7個(gè)方法富玷，可以讓一個(gè)正常的成年人在6個(gè)月內(nèi)快速學(xué)會(huì)一門新的語(yǔ)言并流暢表達(dá)璧坟。
I discovered Lonsdale’s approach when I came acrosshis TED Talk. Below you’ll discover Lonsdale’s five principles and seven action steps for learning a new language in just six month.
當(dāng)我在YouTube看他的TED演講視頻的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)了Longsdale的方法。以下就是Lonsdal的在僅僅6個(gè)月內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)一門新的語(yǔ)言的5個(gè)原則和7個(gè)步驟赎懦。
二.五個(gè)原則
The Five Principles
Lonsdale’s five principles of rapid language acquisition are the following:
Lonsdale五個(gè)快速語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的原則如下：
1.關(guān)心那些和你相關(guān)的語(yǔ)言內(nèi)容
1. Focus on language content that is relevant to you.
Why do you want to learn to speak a second language? Look at the following:
你為什么要學(xué)習(xí)新的語(yǔ)言雀鹃，看看下面的原因：
Do you want to learn Italian so that you can understand opera? If so, then concentrate on words and phrases that you would hear in Puccini’s operas.
你學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言是為了欣賞歌劇励两？如果是這樣黎茎，那就專注于你會(huì)在普契尼（意大利歌劇作曲家）的歌劇里聽(tīng)到的語(yǔ)言吧。
Do you want to learn to speak Mandarin so that you can communicate with your business partners in China? Then focus on learning words and phrases in Mandarin that are related to business.
你想學(xué)會(huì)普通話那你就可以和中國(guó)生意上的伙伴交流当悔？那就專心學(xué)習(xí)普通話里和生意相關(guān)的詞匯和習(xí)語(yǔ)吧傅瞻。
2.把新的語(yǔ)言當(dāng)做交流的工具
2. Use the new language as a tool to communicate.
Instead of simply learning the language in an academic setting, put yourself in situations which force you to use the language in order to be able to communicate with others.
與其簡(jiǎn)單的為了考試和學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，把你自己放到為了和別人交流必須要用語(yǔ)言的環(huán)境中吧盲憎。
3.當(dāng)你第一次理解信息的時(shí)候嗅骄，你會(huì)無(wú)意識(shí)地習(xí)得語(yǔ)言
3. When you first understand the message, you will unconsciously acquire the language.
When you’re first trying to learn a new language, instead of trying to understand the words that someone is using to talk to you, try to understand what they’re trying to say through their gestures, body language, and facial expressions.
當(dāng)你第一次嘗試學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語(yǔ)言時(shí)，與其努力弄明白那個(gè)和你交談的人說(shuō)的話饼疙，不如努力通過(guò)他們的手勢(shì)溺森、肢體語(yǔ)言、面部表情去理解他們說(shuō)的話窑眯。
That is, at first you don’t derive meaning from the language, but from the interaction. This is something called comprehensional input, and it’s been well documented.
那樣的意思是說(shuō)儿惫，你首先不從語(yǔ)言中得到意思，而是從交流中伸但。這被稱為理解輸入肾请，已經(jīng)被記錄在文章中了。
4.學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言不知是習(xí)得知識(shí)更胖，許多方面是生理的訓(xùn)練
4. Learning a language is not about acquiring knowledge. Instead, in many ways it’s about physiological training.
First of all, we have filters in our brains that filter in sounds that we’re familiar with, and that filter out sounds that we’re not familiar with. And if we can’t hear it, we won't understand it and if we can't undertstand it, we are not going to learn it. Therefore, you have to continually listen to the sounds of the language that you’re trying to learn in order to train your brain to let in the new sounds.
首先铛铁，我們大腦里有濾網(wǎng)隔显，會(huì)過(guò)濾出那些我們熟悉的聲音，剔除掉我們不熟悉的聲音饵逐。如果我們聽(tīng)不到的話括眠，我們就沒(méi)法理解，沒(méi)法理解倍权，是無(wú)法學(xué)會(huì)的掷豺。因此，為了使你的大腦能聽(tīng)進(jìn)去新的聲音薄声，你必須持續(xù)地聽(tīng)你想要學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)言当船。
In addition, talking requires using your facial muscles. You have 43 muscles in your face. You have to coordinate those muscles in a way that makes sounds that others can understand
另外，交流需要運(yùn)用你的面部肌肉默辨。你臉上有43條肌肉德频。你必須要找到一個(gè)方法讓這些肌肉協(xié)調(diào)起來(lái)，以產(chǎn)生讓別人可以聽(tīng)懂的聲音缩幸。
5.心理狀態(tài)很重要
5. Your psychological state matters.
If you’re sad, angry, worried, or upset, you’re not going to learn the new language. If you’re happy, relaxed, and curious, you’re going to learn the new language quickly. In addition, you need to be tolerant of ambiguity. At first when people speak to you in the language that you’re trying to learn, you’ll understand very little. But that’s OK.
如果你帶著悲傷壹置、憤怒、擔(dān)心和沮喪的情緒表谊，是學(xué)不會(huì)新的語(yǔ)言的钞护。如果你是開(kāi)心的，放松的爆办，好奇的患亿，你可以快速學(xué)會(huì)一門語(yǔ)言。另外押逼，你需要忍受模糊步藕，起初，當(dāng)人們用你正在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言和你交談的時(shí)候挑格，你只能理解一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)咙冗。但那沒(méi)關(guān)系。
If you're one of those people who needs to understand 100% every word you're hearing, you will go nuts, because you'll be incredibly upset all the time, because you're not perfect. If you're comfortable with getting some, not getting some, just paying attention to what you do understand, you're going to be fine, you'll be relaxed and you'll be learning quickly.
如果你是那些想百分之百理解聽(tīng)到的每個(gè)詞的意思的人中的一份子漂彤，那你會(huì)瘋的雾消，因?yàn)槟銜?huì)一直非常沮喪，因?yàn)槟悴煌昝来焱Ｈ绻銓?duì)于理解一些舒服的話立润，不是理解一些，只關(guān)注那些你理解的內(nèi)容媳板，你會(huì)很好桑腮，并且比較放松，可以快速地學(xué)習(xí)蛉幸。
三.七個(gè)方法
The Seven Actions
Based on the five principles that were explained above, there are seven actions that you need to take in order to learn a new language quickly and efficiently. The seven actions which Lonsdale recommends are the following:
基于以上五個(gè)原則破讨，為了快速有效地學(xué)會(huì)一門新的語(yǔ)言丛晦，你需要7個(gè)方法。Lonsdale推薦的七個(gè)方法如下：
1.大量地聽(tīng)
1. Listen; a lot.
Lonsdale calls this brain soaking. It doesn’t matter if at first you don’t understand what you’re listening to. You’re listening to recognize patterns, words that repeat, and things that stand out. In addition, you’re listening to the rhythm of the language.
Lonsdale把這稱為泡腦子提陶。起初對(duì)于你是不是理解所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容烫沙，并沒(méi)有關(guān)系。你正在聽(tīng)可以識(shí)別的模式隙笆，重復(fù)的詞锌蓄，突出的內(nèi)容。另外撑柔，你在聽(tīng)語(yǔ)言的韻律瘸爽。
2.先理解意圖
2. Focus on getting the meaning first, even before you get the words.
From body language you can understand a lot of communication. You’ll be acquiring the language through comprehensional input.
通過(guò)肢體語(yǔ)言你可以理解大量的對(duì)話，你會(huì)通過(guò)理解輸入學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言乏冀。
3.開(kāi)始混合
3. Start mixing.
If you know ten verbs, ten nouns, and ten adjectives in the new language, you can say 1000 different things. Language is a creative process. Look for ways to get your meaning across by using the words that you know.
如果你掌握了新的語(yǔ)言里的10個(gè)動(dòng)詞，10個(gè)名詞洋只，10個(gè)形容詞辆沦，你可以說(shuō)出1000個(gè)不同的句子。語(yǔ)言是創(chuàng)造的過(guò)程识虚。找到運(yùn)用你掌握的詞來(lái)表達(dá)你的意思的方法肢扯。
4.專注于核心
4. Focus on the core.
With every language there’s high frequency content. As an illustration, in English, one thousand words cover 85% of anything you’re going to say in daily life. Three-thousand words give you 98% coverage. All the other words in the English language are the icing on the cake.
每種語(yǔ)言都有高頻的內(nèi)容。如圖所示担锤，在英語(yǔ)中蔚晨，1000詞就能覆蓋你在日常生活中85%要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。3000個(gè)詞能覆蓋98%的內(nèi)容肛循。所有其他的詞匯都是低頻的铭腕。
5.找一位語(yǔ)言監(jiān)護(hù)人
5. Get a language parent.
When you start learning a language your progress will probably look like the following:
當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)一門語(yǔ)言時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程可能會(huì)如以下所示：
Week 1: Continually ask “What is this?”, “How do you say . . .”, “Can you say that again?”, “Can you repeat that?” Always ask these questions in the language that you’re trying to learn.
第一周：持續(xù)地問(wèn)：“這是什么多糠？”累舷，“你怎么表達(dá)....","你能再重復(fù)一遍嗎？"夹孔，“你能重復(fù)以下那句話嗎被盈？”，始終用你正學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)言問(wèn)這些問(wèn)題搭伤。
Week 2 and 3: You should be using very simple nouns, verbs, and pronouns (“you”, “me”, “that”, “hot”, “give”, and so on).
第2周和第3周：你可以用非常簡(jiǎn)單的名詞只怎，動(dòng)詞和代詞（你，我怜俐，那個(gè)身堡，熱的，給予拍鲤，等等）盾沫。
Week 4: You’re using glue words, such as “and”, “but”, “even though”, “therefore”, and so on. These words tie bits of language together so that you can make more complex meaning. At this point you’re talking in the new language.
第四周：使用連接詞裁赠，如“和”，“但是”赴精，“即使”佩捞，“因此”，等等蕾哟。這些詞將語(yǔ)言片段連接起來(lái)一忱，那樣就可以有更復(fù)雜的意思。在這樣層面谭确，你正在使用新的語(yǔ)言交流帘营。
This is where you want to get a language parent. That is, someone who will treat you like a parent treats their child when the child is learning to speak. This language parent can recognize what you’re saying, even when others don’t understand. They create a safe environment for you, which makes you more confident in your ability to learn the new language.
這個(gè)階段就是你需要語(yǔ)言家長(zhǎng)的時(shí)候。那是說(shuō)逐哈，某人可以像家長(zhǎng)對(duì)待正在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的孩子那樣對(duì)待你芬迄。語(yǔ)言家長(zhǎng)可以知道你說(shuō)什么，即使其他人不理解你昂秃。他們給你創(chuàng)造一個(gè)安全的環(huán)境禀梳，可以讓你對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)新的語(yǔ)言的能力更自信。
The four rules for a language parent are the following:
對(duì)于語(yǔ)言家長(zhǎng)的四條原則如下：
They will work hard to understand what you’re trying to say.
他們要努力弄明白你表達(dá)的意思肠骆。
They don’t correct your mistakes.
他們不糾正你的錯(cuò)誤算途。
They confirm understanding by using correct language.
他們用正確的語(yǔ)言確認(rèn)他們的理解。
They use words that you know and also communicate with gestures and body language.
他們用你理解的語(yǔ)言交流蚀腿，也用手勢(shì)和肢體語(yǔ)言嘴瓤。
6.復(fù)制面部
6. Copy the face.
In order to learn to make the sounds that will allow you to speak the new language, you have to watch the face of people who speak that language. How does their face move when they’re speaking? Mimic their facial movements.
為了能讓你用新的語(yǔ)言發(fā)出聲音，你必須注意那些說(shuō)說(shuō)那種語(yǔ)言的人的面部莉钙。（主要是口部動(dòng)作）廓脆。當(dāng)他們表達(dá)的時(shí)候，臉部肌肉是如何運(yùn)動(dòng)的磁玉。模仿他們面部的運(yùn)動(dòng)狞贱。
7.直接與大腦中圖像相連
7. “Direct Connect” to mental images.
Most people learning to speak another language will make a list of words that they want to learn in their mother tongue, and next to each word they’ll place the equivalent in the language that they’re trying to learn. Then they just go over the list repeatedly in the hopes of memorizing the words in the new language. This is very inefficient.
大多數(shù)人學(xué)習(xí)另一門語(yǔ)言時(shí)，會(huì)用母語(yǔ)制作一個(gè)他們想學(xué)習(xí)的詞的清單蜀涨，在每個(gè)詞旁用新的語(yǔ)言寫(xiě)出對(duì)應(yīng)的詞瞎嬉。他們反復(fù)瀏覽那個(gè)清單，希望能記住新的語(yǔ)言的單詞厚柳。這是非常低效的氧枣。
Everything that you know is an image inside your mind. For example, if you talk about fire you can smell the smoke, feel the heat, hear the crackling, and see the flames. What you want to do is to focus on the image that’s currently in your head for “fire” and create a new pathway that leads from this image to the word “fire” in the language that you’re trying to learn.
所有你知道的在大腦里都是一張圖片。例如别垮，如果你談?wù)摶鸨慵啵憧梢月劦綗煹臍馕叮械綗幔?tīng)到噼啪聲烧董，看到火焰毁靶。你想要做的是專注于大腦里火焰的圖像，在聽(tīng)到“fire”的時(shí)候逊移，創(chuàng)造一條路徑和那個(gè)火焰圖像相連预吆。
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