一躲庄、Kubernetes的基本知識
Pod
Pod是若干個相關(guān)容器的組合,是一個邏輯概念飒泻,Pod包含的容器運行在同一個宿主機上鞭光,這些容器使用相同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)命名空間、IP地址和端口蠢络,相互之間能通過localhost來發(fā)現(xiàn)和通信衰猛,共享一塊存儲卷空間。在Kubernetes中創(chuàng)建刹孔、調(diào)度和管理的最小單位是Pod。一個Pod一般只放一個業(yè)務(wù)容器和一個用于統(tǒng)一網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理的網(wǎng)絡(luò)容器娜睛。Replication Controller
Replication Controller是用來控制管理Pod副本(Replica髓霞,或者稱實例),Replication Controller確保任何時候Kubernetes集群中有指定數(shù)量的Pod副本在運行畦戒,如果少于指定數(shù)量的Pod副本方库,Replication Controller會啟動新的Pod副本,反之會殺死多余的以保證數(shù)量不變障斋。另外Replication Controller是彈性伸縮纵潦、滾動升級的實現(xiàn)核心徐鹤。Service
Service是真實應(yīng)用服務(wù)的抽象,定義了Pod的邏輯集合和訪問這個Pod集合的策略邀层,Service將代理Pod對外表現(xiàn)為一個單一訪問接口返敬,外部不需要了解后端Pod如何運行,這給擴展或維護帶來很大的好處寥院,提供了一套簡化的服務(wù)代理和發(fā)現(xiàn)機制劲赠。Label
Label是用于區(qū)分Pod、Service秸谢、Replication Controller的Key/Value鍵值對凛澎,實際上Kubernetes中的任意API對象都可以通過Label進行標(biāo)識。每個API對象可以有多個Label估蹄,但是每個Label的Key只能對應(yīng)一個Value塑煎。Label是Service和Replication Controller運行的基礎(chǔ),它們都通過Label來關(guān)聯(lián)Pod臭蚁,相比于強綁定模型轧叽,這是一種非常好的松耦合關(guān)系。Node
Kubernets屬于主從的分布式集群架構(gòu)刊棕,Kubernets Node(簡稱為Node炭晒,早期版本叫做Minion)運行并管理容器。Node作為Kubernetes的操作單元甥角,將用來分配給Pod(或者說容器)進行綁定网严,Pod最終運行在Node上,Node可以認(rèn)為是Pod的宿主機嗤无。
需求
目前生產(chǎn)部署Kubernetes集群主要有兩種方式:
- Kubeadm是一個K8s部署工具震束,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用于快速部署Kubernetes集群当犯。
二進制包
-
從github下載發(fā)行版的二進制包垢村,手動部署每個組件,組成Kubernetes集群嚎卫。
Kubeadm降低部署門檻嘉栓,但屏蔽了很多細(xì)節(jié),遇到問題很難排查拓诸。如果想更容易可控侵佃,推薦使用二進制包部署Kubernetes集群,雖然手動部署麻煩點奠支,期間可以學(xué)習(xí)很多工作原理馋辈,也利于后期維護。
1. 安裝要求
部署Kubernetes集群服務(wù)器需要滿足以下幾個條件:
- 一臺或多臺機器倍谜,操作系統(tǒng) CentOS7.x-86_x64
- 硬件配置:2GB或更多RAM迈螟,2個CPU或更多CPU叉抡,硬盤30GB或更多
- 集群中所有機器之間網(wǎng)絡(luò)互通
- 可以訪問外網(wǎng),需要拉取鏡像
- 禁止swap分區(qū)
軟件環(huán)境:
軟件 | 版本 |
---|---|
操作系統(tǒng) | CentOS7.6.1810 |
Docker | docker-ce 19.03.11 |
Kubernetes | 1.18 |
服務(wù)器整體規(guī)劃:
角色 | IP | 組件 |
---|---|---|
k8s-master1 | 192.168.0.10 | kube-apiserver答毫,kube-controller-manager褥民,kube-scheduler,etcd |
k8s-master2 | 192.168.0.11 | kube-apiserver烙常,kube-controller-manager轴捎,kube-scheduler,etcd |
k8s-node1 | 192.168.0.20 | kubelet蚕脏,kube-proxy侦副,docker,etcd |
k8s-node2 | 192.168.0.30 | kubelet驼鞭,kube-proxy秦驯,docker,etcd |
Load Balancer (master) | 192.168.0.40 | nginx L4 挣棕,master節(jié)點的高可用 192.168.0.41(VIP) |
Load Balancer (Backup) | 192.168.0.41 | nginx L4 |
須知:考慮電腦配置環(huán)境較低译隘,這么多虛擬機跑不動,所以這一套高可用集群分兩部分實施洛心,先部署一套單Master架構(gòu)(192.168.0.10/20/30)固耘,再擴容為多Master架構(gòu)(上述規(guī)劃)。
單Master節(jié)點服務(wù)器規(guī)劃:
角色 | IP | 組件 |
---|---|---|
k8s-master | 192.168.0.10 | kube-apiserver词身,kube-controller-manager厅目,kube-scheduler,etcd |
k8s-node1 | 192.168.0.20 | kubelet法严,kube-proxy损敷,docker etcd |
k8s-node2 | 192.168.0.30 | kubelet,kube-proxy深啤,docker拗馒,etcd |
2. 系統(tǒng)初始化配置
# 關(guān)閉防火墻
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 關(guān)閉selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
# 關(guān)閉swap
swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
# 根據(jù)規(guī)劃設(shè)置主機名
hostnamectl set-hostname < name >
# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.0.10 k8s-master
192.168.0.20 k8s-node1
192.168.0.30 k8s-node2
EOF
# 將橋接的IPv4流量傳遞到iptables的鏈
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
# 時間同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
組件 | 使用的證書 |
---|---|
etcd | ca.pem,server.pem溯街,server-key.pem |
flannel | ca.pem诱桂,server.pem,server-key.pem |
kube-apiserver | ca.pem苫幢,server.pem访诱,server-key.pem |
kubelet(自動頒發(fā)) | ca.pem,ca-key.pem |
kube-proxy | ca.pem韩肝,kube-proxy.pem,kube-proxy-key.pem |
kubectl | ca.pem九榔,admin.pem哀峻,admin-key.pem |
二涡相、部署Etcd集群
Etcd 是一個分布式鍵值存儲系統(tǒng),Kubernetes使用Etcd進行數(shù)據(jù)存儲剩蟀,所以先準(zhǔn)備一個Etcd數(shù)據(jù)庫催蝗,為解決Etcd單點故障,應(yīng)采用集群方式部署育特,這里使用3臺組建集群丙号,可容忍1臺機器故障,當(dāng)然缰冤,你也可以使用5臺組建集群犬缨,可容忍2臺機器故障。
節(jié)點名稱 | IP |
---|---|
etcd-1 (k8s-master) | 192.168.0.10 |
etcd-2 (k8s-node1) | 192.168.0.20 |
etcd-3 (k8s-node2) | 192.168.0.30 |
注:為了節(jié)省機器棉浸,這里與K8s節(jié)點機器復(fù)用怀薛。也可以獨立于k8s集群之外部署,只要api-server能連接到就行迷郑。
2.1 準(zhǔn)備cfssl證書生成工具
cfssl是一個開源的證書管理工具枝恋,使用json文件生成證書,相比openssl更方便使用嗡害。這里用Master節(jié)點焚碌。
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
2.2 生成Etcd證書
2.2.1 自簽證書頒發(fā)機構(gòu)(CA)
# 創(chuàng)建工作目錄
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd TLS/etcd
# 自簽CA
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成證書
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
[root@k8s-master etcd]# ll *pem
-rw-------. 1 root root 1675 Jul 10 15:32 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1265 Jul 10 15:32 ca.pem
2.2.2 使用自簽CA簽發(fā)Etcd HTTPS證書
# 創(chuàng)建證書申請文件
cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.0.10",
"192.168.0.20",
"192.168.0.30"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
注:文件hosts字段中IP為所有etcd節(jié)點的集群內(nèi)部通信IP,一個都不能少霸妹!為了方便后期擴容也可以多寫幾個預(yù)留的IP十电。
# 生成證書
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
[root@k8s-master etcd]# ll server*pem
-rw-------. 1 root root 1679 Jul 10 15:38 server-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1338 Jul 10 15:38 server.pem
2.3 從Github下載Etcd二進制文件
# 下載地址
#官網(wǎng)寫了,因為新版3.4以上版本不支持舊版API抑堡,建議換成3.3的etcd
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
2.4 部署Etcd集群
在master節(jié)點上操作摆出,為簡化操作,可以將master節(jié)點生成的所有文件拷貝到倆臺node節(jié)點
2.4.1 創(chuàng)建目錄并解壓二進制包
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.3.22-linux-amd64.tar.gz
chown -R root:root etcd-v3.3.22-linux-amd64
mv etcd-v3.3.22-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
2.4.2 創(chuàng)建etcd配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.10:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.10:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.10:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.10:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.0.10:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.0.20:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.0.30:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
- ETCD_NAME:節(jié)點名稱首妖,集群中唯一
- ETCD_DATA_DIR:數(shù)據(jù)目錄
- ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信監(jiān)聽地址
- ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客戶端訪問監(jiān)聽地址
- ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:集群通告地址
- ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客戶端通告地址
- ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群節(jié)點地址
- ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:集群Token
- ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)偎漫,new是新集群,existing表示加入已有集群
2.4.3 配置systemd管理etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \\
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
2.4.3 拷貝生成的證書
把剛才生成的證書拷貝到配置文件中的路徑
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
2.4.5 啟動并設(shè)置自啟動
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart etcd
systemctl enable etcd
# 如果報錯無法啟動有缆,則需要將其他etcd節(jié)點設(shè)置完成后才可以啟動
2.4.6 將master節(jié)點生成所有的文件拷貝到兩臺node節(jié)點
scp -rp /opt/etcd/ k8s-node1:/opt/
scp -rp /opt/etcd/ k8s-node2:/opt/
scp -rp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service k8s-node1:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -rp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service k8s-node2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
2.4.7 在node節(jié)點分別修改etcd.conf配置文件中的節(jié)點名稱和當(dāng)前服務(wù)器IP
#node1和node2節(jié)點都進行修改
vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-2" # 修改此處象踊,節(jié)點2改為etcd-2,節(jié)點3改為etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" # 修改此處為當(dāng)前服務(wù)器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.20:2380" # 修改此處為當(dāng)前服務(wù)器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.20:2379" # 修改此處為當(dāng)前服務(wù)器IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.0.20:2380" # 修改此處為當(dāng)前服務(wù)器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.0.20:2379" # 修改此處為當(dāng)前服務(wù)器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.0.10:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.0.20:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.0.30:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
# 最后啟動etcd并設(shè)置開機啟動
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart etcd
systemctl enable etcd
[root@k8s-master etcd]# netstat -lntup|grep etcd
tcp 0 0 192.168.0.10:2379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10529/etcd
tcp 0 0 192.168.0.10:2380 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10529/etcd
#為三臺節(jié)點都創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行指令命令
cp /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl /usr/bin/
2.4.8 查看etcd集群狀態(tài)
[root@k8s-master etcd]# etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.0.10:2379,https://192.168.0.20:2379,https://192.168.0.30:2379" endpoint health
https://192.168.0.30:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 18.649662ms
https://192.168.0.20:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 20.469511ms
https://192.168.0.10:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 22.428573ms
如果輸出上面信息棚壁,就說明Etcd集群部署成功杯矩。如果有問題先看日志:
/var/log/message
或journalctl -u etcd
三、所有節(jié)點部署Docker
我這里采用yum安裝袖外,用二進制安裝也一樣
# 1. 卸載舊版本
yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
# 2. 使用存儲庫安裝
yum install -y yum-utils
# 3. 設(shè)置鏡像倉庫(修改為國內(nèi)源地址)
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 5. 更新索引
yum makecache fast
# 4. 安裝docker相關(guān)的依賴 默認(rèn)最新版(docker-ce:社區(qū)版 ee:企業(yè)版)
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -y
#5. 安裝特定docker版本(先列出列出可用版本)
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
yum install docker-ce-19.03.9 docker-ce-cli-19.03.9 containerd.io
# 所有節(jié)點設(shè)置防火墻規(guī)則史隆,并讓生效
vim /lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Service]
ExecStartPost=/sbin/iptables -I FORWARD -s 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT
# 7. 啟動docker
systemctl enable docker
systemctl restart docker
# 8. 查看版本
[root@k8s-master ~]# docker --version
Docker version 19.03.11, build 42e35e61f3
# 9. 配置docker鏡像加速器
## 鏡像加速器:阿里云加速器,daocloud加速器曼验,中科大加速器
## Docker 中國官方鏡像加速:https://registry.docker-cn.com
mkdir -p /etc/docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
四泌射、部署Master節(jié)點
kube-apiserver粘姜,
kube-controller-manager,
kube-scheduler
4.1 生成kube-apiserver證書
4.1.1 自簽CA證書頒發(fā)機構(gòu)
cd /root/TLS/k8s
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成證書
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
[root@k8s-master k8s]# ll *pem
-rw-------. 1 root root 1675 Jul 13 14:49 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1359 Jul 13 14:49 ca.pem
4.1.2 使用自簽CA簽發(fā)kube-apiserver HTTPS證書
# 創(chuàng)建證書申請文件:
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"10.240.0.1",
"172.16.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.0.10",
"192.168.0.11",
"192.168.0.12",
"192.168.0.20",
"192.168.0.21",
"192.168.0.22",
"192.168.0.30",
"192.168.0.31",
"192.168.0.32",
"192.168.0.40",
"192.168.0.41",
"192.168.0.42",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
#上述文件hosts字段中IP為所有Master/LB/VIP IP熔酷,一個都不能少孤紧!為了方便后期擴容可以多寫幾個預(yù)留的IP
# 生成證書
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
[root@k8s-master k8s]# ll server*pem
-rw-------. 1 root root 1679 Jul 13 14:55 server-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1700 Jul 13 14:55 server.pem
4.2下載二進制文件包并解壓
下載地址: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.18.md#v1183
打開鏈接會發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有很多包,下載一個最新版server包就夠了拒秘,包含了Master和Node二進制文件号显。
# 解壓二進制包
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd ./kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
4.3 部署kube-apiserver
4.3.1. 創(chuàng)建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.0.10:2379,https://192.168.0.20:2379,https://192.168.0.30:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.0.10 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.0.10 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
注:上面兩個\\
第一個是轉(zhuǎn)義符,第二個是換行符躺酒,使用轉(zhuǎn)義符是為了使用EOF保留換行符押蚤。
--logtostderr:啟用日志
--log-dir:日志目錄
--v:日志等級,越小越多
--etcd-servers: etcd集群地址
--bind-address :監(jiān)聽地址
--secure-port:https安全端口
--advertise-address:集群通告地址
--allow-privileged:啟用授權(quán)
--service-cluster-ip-range:Service虛擬IP地址段
--enable-admission-plugins:準(zhǔn)入控制模塊阴颖,決定是否啟用k8s高級功能
--authorization-mode:認(rèn)證授權(quán)活喊,啟用RBAC授權(quán)和節(jié)點自管理
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth:啟用TLS bootstrap機制
--token-auth-file:bootstrap token文件
--service-node-port-range:Service nodeport類型默認(rèn)分配端口范圍
--kubelet-https:apiserver主動訪問kubectl時默認(rèn)使用https
--kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver訪問kubelet客戶端證書
--tls-xxx-file:apiserver https證書
--etcd-xxxfile:連接Etcd集群證書
--audit-log-xxx:審計日志
啟用 TLS Bootstrapping 機制
TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver啟用TLS認(rèn)證后,Node節(jié)點kubelet和kube-proxy要與kube-apiserver進行通信量愧,必須使用CA簽發(fā)的有效證書才可以钾菊,當(dāng)Node節(jié)點很多時,這種客戶端證書頒發(fā)需要大量工作偎肃,同樣也會增加集群擴展復(fù)雜度煞烫。為了簡化流程,Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping機制來自動頒發(fā)客戶端證書累颂,kubelet會以一個低權(quán)限用戶自動向apiserver申請證書滞详,kubelet的證書由apiserver動態(tài)簽署。所以強烈建議在Node上使用這種方式紊馏,目前主要用于kubelet料饥,kube-proxy還是由我們統(tǒng)一頒發(fā)一個證書。
此圖僅用來學(xué)習(xí)朱监,不為本人原創(chuàng)
4.3.2 拷貝剛才生成的證書
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
4.3.3 創(chuàng)建配置文件中的token文件
# 獲取16位token隨機值的命令
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
863b2ebebecffbb3a6493ff15dfc57c6
# 添加token文件(格式:token,用戶名,UID,用戶組)
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=863b2ebebecffbb3a6493ff15dfc57c6
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv <<EOF
${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN},kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
4.3.4 配置systemd啟動apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4.3.5 啟動并設(shè)置開機啟動
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
4.3.6 授權(quán)kubelet-bootstrapper用戶允許請求證書
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
4.4 部署controller-manager
5.4.1 創(chuàng)建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
- –master:通過本地非安全本地端口8080連接apiserver
- –leader-elect:當(dāng)該組件啟動多個時岸啡,自動選舉(HA)
- –cluster-signing-cert-file / –cluster-signing-key-file:自動為kubelet頒發(fā)證書的CA,與apiserver保持一致
4.4.2 配置systemd啟動controller-manager
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4.4.3 啟動并設(shè)置開機啟動
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
4.5 部署kube-scheduler
4.5.1 創(chuàng)建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
- –master:通過本地非安全本地端口8080連接apiserver赫编。
- –leader-elect:當(dāng)該組件啟動多個時巡蘸,自動選舉(HA)
4.5.2 配置systemd管理scheduler
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4.5.3 啟動并設(shè)置開機啟動
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
4.6 查看集群狀態(tài)
所有組件都已經(jīng)啟動成功,通過kubectl工具查看當(dāng)前集群組件狀態(tài)
[root@k8s-master TLS]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
輸出如上內(nèi)容說明Master節(jié)點組件運行正常
五擂送、部署Node節(jié)點
5.1 創(chuàng)建工作目錄并拷貝二進制文件
如果想把Master也當(dāng)做Node節(jié)點的話悦荒,也可以在Master節(jié)點上安裝kubelet和kube-proxy
# 1.在所有node節(jié)點創(chuàng)建工作目錄
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
# 2. 從master節(jié)點上解壓的kubernetes壓縮包中拷貝文件到所有node節(jié)點
for ip in 20 30 ;do scp -rp ./kubernetes/server/bin/{kubelet,kube-proxy} 192.168.0.$ip:/opt/kubernetes/bin/ ;done
5.2 部署kubelet
5.2.1 創(chuàng)建配置文件
pod的基礎(chǔ)容器鏡像改為國內(nèi)的下載的鏡像地址或自己的Docker Hub
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0
245684979/pause-amd64:3.0
# node1節(jié)點
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-node1 \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=245684979/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
# node2節(jié)點
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-node2 \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=245684979/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
- –hostname-override:顯示主機名稱,集群中唯一
- –network-plugin:啟用CNI
- –kubeconfig:空路徑嘹吨,會自動生成搬味,后面用于連接apiserver
- –bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次啟動向apiserver申請證書
- –config:配置參數(shù)文件
- –cert-dir:kubelet證書生成目錄
- –pod-infra-container-image:管理Pod網(wǎng)絡(luò)容器的鏡像,用于實現(xiàn)Kubernetes集群里pod之間的網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊
5.2.2 配置參數(shù)文件
# node1節(jié)點和node2節(jié)點配置相同
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
5.2.3 生成bootstrap.kubeconfig文件
在master節(jié)點將node節(jié)點需要的CA證書文件拷貝過去
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem k8s-node1:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem k8s-node2:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
在master上查看Token文件的隨機值
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
863b2ebebecffbb3a6493ff15dfc57c6,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrapper"
在master上生成bootstrap.kubeconfig文件
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.0.10:6443" # apiserverIP:PORT
TOKEN="863b2ebebecffbb3a6493ff15dfc57c6" # 與token.csv里保持一致
# 設(shè)置集群參數(shù)
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 設(shè)置客戶端認(rèn)證參數(shù)
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 設(shè)置上下文參數(shù)
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 設(shè)置默認(rèn)上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 保存到配置文件路徑下
cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
# 拷貝到node節(jié)點的/opt/kubernetes/cfg/下
scp -rp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig k8s-node1:/opt/kubernetes/cfg
scp -rp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig k8s-node2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg
5.2.4 配置systemd管理kubelet
# node1節(jié)點和node2節(jié)點配置相同
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5.2.5 啟動并設(shè)置開機啟動
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
5.2.6 批準(zhǔn)kubelet證書申請并加入集群
# 查看kubelet證書請求
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-1-0ue-UfiHoWna5v68PDMgrxk1cPPNFLG3EtoUUCdwk 85s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
node-csr-zjBOatKIi69UhbL7ypngHFw5C7xfjCOZnFyTG4Ux1H0 76s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
# 批準(zhǔn)請求
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-1-0ue-UfiHoWna5v68PDMgrxk1cPPNFLG3EtoUUCdwk
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-zjBOatKIi69UhbL7ypngHFw5C7xfjCOZnFyTG4Ux1H0
# 查看node節(jié)點狀態(tài)
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-node1 NotReady <none> 1s v1.18.5
k8s-node2 NotReady <none> 1s v1.18.5
#@注:由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)插件還沒有部署,節(jié)點會沒有準(zhǔn)備就緒 NotReady
5.4 部署kube-proxy
5.4.1 創(chuàng)建配置文件
# node1節(jié)點和node2節(jié)點配置相同
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF
5.4.2 配置參數(shù)文件
# node1
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF
# node2
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-node2
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF
5.4.3 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
在master節(jié)點生成kube-proxy證書
# 切換到存放證書目錄
cd ~/TLS/k8s/
# 創(chuàng)建證書請求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成證書
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
[root@k8s-master k8s]# ll kube-proxy*pem
-rw-------. 1 root root 1679 Jul 14 15:41 kube-proxy-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1403 Jul 14 15:41 kube-proxy.pem
5.4.3 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
在master節(jié)點生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.0.10:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 保存到配置文件路徑下
cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
# 拷貝到node節(jié)點的/opt/kubernetes/cfg/下
scp -rp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig k8s-node1:/opt/kubernetes/cfg
scp -rp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig k8s-node2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg
5.4.4 配置systemd管理kube-proxy
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5.4.5 啟動并設(shè)置開機啟動
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
六身腻、部署CNI網(wǎng)絡(luò)
6.1 Kubernetes網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型 (CNI)介紹
容器網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口
kubernetes網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型設(shè)計的基本要求:
- 一個pod一個ip
- 每個pod獨立的ip产还,pod內(nèi)所有容器共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)(同一個ip)
- 所有容器都可以與所有其他容器通信
- 所有節(jié)點都可以與所有容器通信
目前支持的技術(shù)
.
最常用的是flannel和calic
- Flannel:適合百臺以下服務(wù)器匹厘,小規(guī)模集群嘀趟,使用操作簡單
- calico:適合數(shù)百臺以上,大規(guī)模集群
6.2 下載安裝包
下載最新版地址:https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/tag/v0.8.6
wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
# 解壓二進制包并移動到默認(rèn)工作目錄
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
# 在node節(jié)點創(chuàng)建cni目錄
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
# 在master節(jié)點上拷貝到node節(jié)點的cni目錄
scp -rp /opt/cni/bin/* k8s-node1:/opt/cni/bin/
scp -rp /opt/cni/bin/* k8s-node2:/opt/cni/bin/
6.3 部署CNI flannel 網(wǎng)絡(luò)
所有的節(jié)點都需要安裝flannel
# 部署CNI網(wǎng)絡(luò)(網(wǎng)絡(luò)問題可以多嘗試幾次)
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
# 默認(rèn)鏡像地址無法訪問外網(wǎng)愈诚,可以修改為docker hub鏡像倉庫
# 245684979/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
sed -ri "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#245684979/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml
#添加"--iface=eth0"一句指定網(wǎng)卡
...
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
- --iface=eth0
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
#查看kube-system下的pod
[root@k8s-master cni]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-lklmb 1/1 Running 0 74s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-t5tcc 1/1 Running 0 74s
#查看node狀態(tài)
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 2m3s v1.18.5
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 104s v1.18.5
6.4 授權(quán)apiserver訪問kubelet
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
八她按、部署Dashboard和CoreDNS
8.1 部署Dashboard
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.3/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
默認(rèn)Dashboard只能集群內(nèi)部訪問,修改Service為NodePort類型炕柔,暴露到外部
# 修改yaml文件
[root@k8s-master yaml]# vim recommended.yaml (32gg)
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001 #添加類型
type: NodePort
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
# 生成dashboard
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
# 查看dashboard狀態(tài)
[root@k8s-master yaml]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-6b4884c9d5-gqs7b 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 34s
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-7f99b75bf4-mgg46 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 35s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.0.0.105 <none> 8000/TCP 35s
service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.0.0.80 <none> 443:30001/TCP 35s
查看pod日志
kubectl -n kube-system logs -f kube-flannel-ds-amd64-24jxf