Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “l(fā)ight” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.
In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts: for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜餅). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. “Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,” says York Onnen, program director of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.
Still, exercise’s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.
If you have been sedentary (極少活動(dòng)的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year’s time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.
26. What is said about the average American in the passage?
A) They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of “l(fā)ight” beer.
B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.
C) They prefer “l(fā)ight” beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.
D) They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.(B)
27. Some people dislike exercise because ________.
A) they think it is physically exhausting【外語教育&網(wǎng)www.for68.com】
B) they find it hard to exercise while on a diet
C) they don’t think it possible to walk 3 miles every day
D) they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome(B)
28. “Even exercise professionals concede half a point here” (Line 3, Para. 2) means “They ________”.
A) agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off by exercise
B) partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction
C) are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain one’s new weight
D) are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight(B)
29. What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Center’s study?
A) Controlling one’s calorie intake is more important than doing exercise.
B) Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.
C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.
D) One could lose ten pounds in a year’s time if there’s no increase in food intake.(C)
30. What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A) To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center.
B) To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.
C) To support the statement made by York Onnen.
D) To show the most effective way to lose weight.(D)
本文講的是身體鍛煉在減肥中的作用缓熟。全部材料共四個(gè)段落伟墙,各論述不同方面的內(nèi)容。前兩段可以作為一個(gè)整體械姻,主要講許多人在減肥時(shí)只節(jié)食不鍛煉的事實(shí)(第一 段)和原因(第二段);后兩段也可以做為一個(gè)整體涩堤,主要論述材料的核心觀點(diǎn):體育鍛煉對(duì)減肥的重要性汛蝙,第三段從正面強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一觀點(diǎn),最后一段以走路為例對(duì) 這一觀點(diǎn)做了支持烈疚。
第一段指出了許多減肥中的美國人對(duì)體育鍛煉不夠重視的事實(shí),引出材料的論題聪轿。第一句話實(shí)際上就已經(jīng)提出了文章的中心論點(diǎn):鍛煉是對(duì)長期保持體重起積極作用的少有因素之一(Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight)爷肝,只是文章沒有馬上對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行正面論述,而是先列出美國人普遍存在的不鍛煉現(xiàn)象,以反托正灯抛。這里需要注意幾點(diǎn)信息金赦,一是鍛煉對(duì)減肥的幫助體現(xiàn)在較長時(shí)期上,最后一段的例子也是圍繞這一信息的对嚼。二是這里討論的鍛煉只針對(duì)于重視節(jié)食的減肥人群素邪,不是普通人。
第二段解釋了減肥人群不重視身體鍛煉的原因猪半。作者用數(shù)據(jù)說話:精神抖擻地步行3英里才只消耗掉一個(gè)小甜餅的熱量——275卡路里(briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories)。而后用專業(yè)人士的話做以總結(jié):身體鍛煉費(fèi)力不討好(a very tough way to lose weight)偷线。
最后二段從正面對(duì)身體鍛煉在減肥中的作用做了論述磨确。作者引用波士頓大學(xué)醫(yī)療中心的研究成果,指出不鍛煉的人的體重多數(shù)會(huì)反彈(those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight)声邦,而鍛煉的人則不會(huì)(those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight)乏奥。然后以走路為例向人們說明身體鍛煉確實(shí)對(duì)減肥有所幫助。
26. B
本題問材料中關(guān)于一般美國人有何說法亥曹。
A邓了,他們傾向于夸大淡爽啤酒的健康作用。
B媳瞪,他們通常忽視身體鍛煉在減肥上的作用骗炉。
C,與其他飲料和食品相比蛇受,他們更喜歡淡爽啤酒和低卡路里的面包句葵。
D,他們知道哪種因素在減肥中扮演了積極的角色兢仰。
這道題的題干看似十分寬泛乍丈,需要讀完一定的段落后綜合考慮才能解答,但實(shí)際上并不復(fù)雜把将,只是對(duì)單句的考查而已轻专。因?yàn)檫@是第一道題,它的答案只要到第一段的前半部分尋找就可以了察蹲。題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是average American请垛,在第一段中提到這個(gè)詞的一句是——that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “l(fā)ight” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion。這里的that message(那一信息)肯定應(yīng)該在前一句洽议,也就是Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight.(鍛煉是對(duì)長期保持體重起積極作用的少有因素之一)叼屠。詞組has not gotten through to指的是“在……中并不流行”,這里的意思就是那一信息對(duì)于一般美國人來說并沒有受到重視绞铃。
Who引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)從句镜雨,是對(duì)一般美國人的描述。這里使用了would rather ……than(寧可,也不)句型荚坞,意思是美國人寧可把興趣投向淡爽啤酒和低卡路里面包挑宠,也不增加身體鍛煉。
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中颓影,B的意思很顯然符合文意各淀。A的說法在這個(gè)句子中沒有給出,C的說法應(yīng)該把其他飲料和食品改成“身體鍛煉”诡挂,D的說法與B正好相反碎浇。
27. B
題目問有些人不喜歡鍛煉身體是因?yàn)槭裁础?/p>
A,他們認(rèn)為鍛煉太耗費(fèi)體力璃俗。
B奴璃,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)節(jié)食的同時(shí)進(jìn)行鍛煉太辛苦了。
C城豁,他們認(rèn)為每天步行3英里是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的苟穆。
D,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)參考卡路里消耗表非常麻煩唱星。
材料內(nèi)第二段專門對(duì)有些人不喜歡鍛煉的原因進(jìn)行了說明雳旅。主要有二句話。第一句:some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts间聊,這句話的意思是“卡路里消耗表會(huì)使有些人非常泄氣”攒盈,后面給出了原因,即鍛煉消耗的卡路里太少哎榴。由此看來沦童,并不是他們覺得參考卡路里消耗表麻煩,D的說法不對(duì)叹话。第二句借專業(yè)人士之口說出了原因:Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight偷遗。Tough這個(gè)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)艱苦、艱難性驼壶,也就是說用鍛煉來減肥太過于艱難了氏豌。與前面消耗卡路里的說法結(jié)合起來就是:因?yàn)殄憻捪牡目防锓浅I伲砸霚p肥的話热凹,鍛煉的投入要非常大才能起到效果泵喘。這樣B就是對(duì)的。如果問“節(jié)食的同時(shí)”在第二段沒有提到般妙,可以參看第一段的末尾一句: fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.這里的意思是試圖減肥的人很少會(huì)有把節(jié)食和運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)合起來的纪铺。句中的with their diet無疑是對(duì)B中on a diet的照應(yīng)。
A的說法也不對(duì)碟渺,如果鍛煉如此耗費(fèi)體力鲜锚,那么它的效果一定就會(huì)非常明顯了,相信人們就會(huì)趨之若鶩了。實(shí)際情況與此相反芜繁,鍛煉消耗的卡路里非常少旺隙。C的說法在材料里不能體現(xiàn)。
28. A
題目問Even exercise professionals concede half a point here這句話是什么意思骏令。
這道題考查的是對(duì)句子的理解蔬捷,必須把句子放在上下文環(huán)境中理解。
第二段講的是有些人不愿靠鍛煉身體減肥的原因榔袋。在這個(gè)句子前面的一句在第二題中已經(jīng)做了分析周拐,意思是卡路里消耗表會(huì)使有些人非常泄氣,因?yàn)椴叫?英里僅僅消耗275卡路里的能量凰兑。暗含鍛煉身體費(fèi)力不討好的意思妥粟。這個(gè)句子后面引用了專業(yè)人士的話,應(yīng)該是對(duì)這一句子的具體說明聪黎。
再來分析這個(gè)句子。Even备恤,甚至稿饰;exercise professionals是運(yùn)動(dòng)專家;concede意思是acknowledge, often reluctantly露泊,即勉強(qiáng)承認(rèn)喉镰;half a point,這里有一半道理是對(duì)的惭笑,實(shí)際上并不非要是一半的道理侣姆,籠統(tǒng)指有一定的道理;here沉噩,應(yīng)該指的是“鍛煉身體實(shí)際上對(duì)于減肥來說費(fèi)力不討好”這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)——運(yùn)動(dòng)專家為了自己的利益捺宗,當(dāng)然是極力支持運(yùn)動(dòng)的好處的,那么使他們勉強(qiáng)承認(rèn)的東西自然是有礙他們利益的川蒙, “鍛煉身體實(shí)際上對(duì)于減肥來說費(fèi)力不討好”這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)恰恰有礙于他們的利益蚜厉。
A,他們承認(rèn)一塊小面餅中的卡路里通過鍛煉消耗掉是困難的畜眨≈缗#“一塊小面餅中的卡路里通過鍛煉消耗掉是困難的”這句話是用來支持“鍛煉身體實(shí)際上對(duì)于減肥來說費(fèi)力不討好”這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的,所以他們可以說是承認(rèn)“一塊小面餅中的卡路里通過鍛煉消耗掉是困難的”這句話有一定的道理康聂。A的說法正確贰健。
B,他們部分地認(rèn)為節(jié)食在減肥中起到了支撐作用恬汁。前面已經(jīng)分析過伶椿,運(yùn)動(dòng)專家承認(rèn)的是運(yùn)動(dòng)本身的一些局限性,他們沒有對(duì)節(jié)食的作用提出任何觀點(diǎn)⌒或許運(yùn)動(dòng)本身的局限性可以反襯出節(jié)食的支撐作用游昼,但文中沒有明確,絕對(duì)不能生造尝蠕。
C烘豌,他們并不完全相信節(jié)食能夠幫助保持住減肥過的體重。這是后面兩段的內(nèi)容看彼。
D廊佩,他們并未充分認(rèn)識(shí)到鍛煉在減肥中的積極作用。對(duì)于鍛煉在減肥中的積極作用靖榕,應(yīng)該不會(huì)有人比運(yùn)動(dòng)專家更清楚了标锄。D的說法完全錯(cuò)誤。
29. C
題目問波士頓大學(xué)醫(yī)療中心的研究驗(yàn)證了什么茁计。
A料皇,控制卡路里攝入比身體鍛煉更為重要。
B星压,即便是偶爾鍛煉一次對(duì)減肥也是有幫助的践剂。
C,不鍛煉而實(shí)現(xiàn)減肥是不可能的娜膘。
D逊脯,如果沒有在食物攝入量上的增加,一個(gè)人能夠在一年內(nèi)減輕十磅竣贪。
第三段對(duì)波士頓大學(xué)醫(yī)療中心的研究做了描述军洼,其中直接出現(xiàn)了confirm一詞,驗(yàn)證的內(nèi)容是:those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight演怎,那些節(jié)食而不鍛煉的人幾乎全部反彈到原來的體重匕争,而那些把鍛煉身體列入日常項(xiàng)目的人則保持住了減肥后的體重。
從這句話不能判斷出控制卡路里攝入是否比身體鍛煉更重要爷耀,因?yàn)橛锌赡苠憻挾还?jié)食的人汗捡,其減肥效果也不明顯。A不對(duì)畏纲。
從這句話也不能推出B的說法扇住,另外B的說法本身也是不對(duì)的,從第四段的例子來看盗胀,偶爾一次鍛煉對(duì)減肥沒有幫助艘蹋,必須長期堅(jiān)持鍛煉才有效果(文中提到的期限是一年)。
C的說法正確票灰。節(jié)食而不鍛煉的人幾乎全部反彈到原來的體重女阀,說明不鍛煉的話根本無法實(shí)現(xiàn)減肥這個(gè)目的宅荤,almost強(qiáng)調(diào)這一現(xiàn)象涵蓋幾乎所有人,具有一般性浸策。
D是第四段所舉的例子中提到的內(nèi)容冯键,與該中心的研究無關(guān)。
30. D
題目問作者寫作這篇文章的目的是什么庸汗。
A惫确,證明波士頓大學(xué)醫(yī)療中心的研究是正確的。
B蚯舱,強(qiáng)調(diào)保持合適體重的重要性改化。
C,支持York Onnen的言論枉昏。
D陈肛,向人講述最有效的減肥方法。
從前面的分析可知兄裂,這篇文章主要講的是身體鍛煉在減肥中的重要性句旱,A和C提到的人物和機(jī)構(gòu)都只是作者用來支撐這一觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù)而已,可以首先排除晰奖。B的說法也是明顯錯(cuò)誤的谈撒,文章講的是如何保持合適的體重,而不是在強(qiáng)調(diào)其重要性畅涂。這樣不必看D就可以直接選擇了港华。作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了身體鍛煉在減肥中的重要性道川,向人們說明最好在節(jié)食的同時(shí)參加體育鍛煉午衰,這可以說是介紹了一種最好的減肥方法。