很多Linux和 c/c++使用者習(xí)慣使用vim班利， 為了代碼補(bǔ)全饥漫，今天嘗試安裝了一下代碼補(bǔ)全工具YouCompleteMe。
安裝過程會(huì)涉及到很多庫和依賴罗标，安裝過程遇到了一些報(bào)錯(cuò)庸队，記錄以下不然很快就忘。

涉及到的依賴和工具：
1.Cmake
CMake是一個(gè)跨平臺(tái)的安裝(編譯)工具,可以用簡(jiǎn)單的語句來描述所有平臺(tái)的安裝(編譯過程)闯割。他能夠輸出各種各樣的makefile或者project文件,能測(cè)試編譯器所支持的C++特性.
2.gcc
gcc是GNU Compiler Collection（就是GNU編譯器套件）彻消，也可以簡(jiǎn)單認(rèn)為是編譯器，它可以編譯很多種編程語言（括C宙拉、C++宾尚、Objective-C、Fortran谢澈、Java等等）
3.Git
4.Vundle煌贴，
Vundle是vim上比較傳統(tǒng)的插件管理器。

系統(tǒng)：Ubuntu18.04LTS

一锥忿，準(zhǔn)備工作

安裝YCM之前先要檢查以上依賴工具是否已經(jīng)安裝

cmake

檢查系統(tǒng)中是否有cmake牛郑，如果沒有，最后一步編譯會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)敬鬓。
在終端輸入:

$ cmake -version
cmake version 3.19.8
CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

如果沒有淹朋，安裝一下：

sudo apt-get install cmake #進(jìn)行安裝

git

首先檢查系統(tǒng)是否有安裝git，如果終端命令 git --version返回git版本钉答，那么就是安裝了瑞你；如果沒有，在終端輸入sudo apt-get install git
進(jìn)行安裝希痴。

Vundle

檢查Vundle是否已經(jīng)安裝：

$ locate Vundle.vim
/home/jesen/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
/home/jesen/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim/.git
/home/jesen/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim/.gitignore
/home/jesen/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim/CONTRIBUTING.md
/home/jesen/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim/LICENSE-MIT.txt
/home/jesen/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim/README.md
/home/jesen/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim/README_KR.md
/home/jesen/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim/README_ZH_CN.md

顯示vundle已經(jīng)安裝過了。
如果沒有安裝春感，可以使用git的話砌创， 在終端中下載
git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

如果下載太慢，可以去https://gitee.com直接搜索 Vundle.vim鲫懒，選最近更新的鏡像進(jìn)行clone

等待下載完成

gcc

檢查是否安裝了

$ gcc --version

一般情況下使用Linux的使用環(huán)境下嫩实，gcc,cmake你可能都是安裝了的，如果沒有安裝：

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install build-essential
# 該命令將安裝一些新包窥岩，包括gcc甲献，g ++和make

.vimrc

它是vim的用戶配置文件，一般是在/etc/vim/.vimrc這個(gè)路徑下,或者/home/用戶名 目錄下颂翼，即: cd ~
vim還有個(gè)系統(tǒng)配置文件/etc/vim/vimrc這個(gè)現(xiàn)在用不到晃洒。
檢查一下配置文件是否存在：

$ locate .vimrc    
/etc/vim/.vimrc

如果沒有需要新建它：

$ sudo touch   /etc/vim/.vimrc

二慨灭、配置與安裝

首先，在.vimrc加入Vundle的配置,其中vundle路徑為~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim球及，加入如下：

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
""""" vundle 相關(guān)
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
set nocompatible              " be iMproved, required
filetype off                  " required

" set the runtime path to include Vundle and initialize
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()
" alternatively, pass a path where Vundle should install plugins
"call vundle#begin('~/some/path/here')

" let Vundle manage Vundle, required
Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'

" The following are examples of different formats supported.
" Keep Plugin commands between vundle#begin/end.
" plugin on GitHub repo
Plugin 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
" plugin from http://vim-scripts.org/vim/scripts.html
Plugin 'L9'
" Git plugin not hosted on GitHub
Plugin 'git://git.wincent.com/command-t.git'
" git repos on your local machine (i.e. when working on your own plugin)
Plugin 'file:///home/gmarik/path/to/plugin'
" The sparkup vim script is in a subdirectory of this repo called vim.
" Pass the path to set the runtimepath properly.
Plugin 'rstacruz/sparkup', {'rtp': 'vim/'}
" Install L9 and avoid a Naming conflict if you've already installed a
" different version somewhere else.
Plugin 'ascenator/L9', {'name': 'newL9'}

Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'

" All of your Plugins must be added before the following line
call vundle#end()            " required
filetype plugin indent on    " required
" To ignore plugin indent changes, instead use:
"filetype plugin on
"
" Brief help
" :PluginList       - lists configured plugins
" :PluginInstall    - installs plugins; append `!` to update or just :PluginUpdate
" :PluginSearch foo - searches for foo; append `!` to refresh local cache
" :PluginClean      - confirms removal of unused plugins; append `!` to auto-approve removal
"
" see :h vundle for more details or wiki for FAQ
" Put your non-Plugin stuff after this line
"

其次氧骤，啟動(dòng)vim, 并輸入插件安裝
:PluginInstall

接下來，進(jìn)入到Vundle路徑吃引，將YCM安裝包下載到以下路徑筹陵。
如果clone太慢，也可以去https://gitee.com搜索YouCompleteMe的鏡像路徑镊尺。

cd ~/.vim/bundle
git clone https://github.com/ycm-core/YouCompleteMe.git

下載完成進(jìn)入 cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe：

git submodule update --init --recursive #更新模塊
./install.py --clang-completer  # 可以加sudo

等待安裝:

安裝成功

配置.vimrc文件朦佩，添加：

"""""""""""" YouCompleteMe"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
set runtimepath+=~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_tags_files = 1           " 開啟 YCM 基于標(biāo)簽引擎
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 1 " 注釋與字符串中的內(nèi)容也用于補(bǔ)全
let g:syntastic_ignore_files=[".*\.py$"]
let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax = 1                  " 語法關(guān)鍵字補(bǔ)全
let g:ycm_complete_in_comments = 1
let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf = 0
let g:ycm_key_list_select_completion = ['<c-n>', '<Down>']  " 映射按鍵, 沒有這個(gè)會(huì)攔截掉tab, 導(dǎo)致其他插件的tab不能用.
let g:ycm_key_list_previous_completion = ['<c-p>', '<Up>']
let g:ycm_complete_in_comments = 1                          " 在注釋輸入中也能補(bǔ)全
let g:ycm_complete_in_strings = 1                           " 在字符串輸入中也能補(bǔ)全
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 1 " 注釋和字符串中的文字也會(huì)被收入補(bǔ)全
let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf='~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py'
let g:ycm_show_diagnostics_ui = 0                           " 禁用語法檢查
inoremap <expr> <CR> pumvisible() ? "\<C-y>" : "\<CR>" |            " 回車即選中當(dāng)前項(xiàng)
nnoremap <c-j> :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>|     " 跳轉(zhuǎn)到定義處
"let g:ycm_min_num_of_chars_for_completion=2                 " 從第2個(gè)鍵入字符就開始羅列匹配項(xiàng)

三、最終結(jié)果

新建文件自動(dòng)生成文件頭以及字體顏色庐氮，需要在.vimrc中添加配置语稠，配置方案網(wǎng)上很多，如下：

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 顯示相關(guān)  
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 "set shortmess=atI   " 啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候不顯示那個(gè)援助烏干達(dá)兒童的提示  
 "winpos 5 5          " 設(shè)定窗口位置  
 "set lines=40 columns=155    " 設(shè)定窗口大小  
 "set nu              " 顯示行號(hào)  
 set go=             " 不要圖形按鈕  
 "color asmanian2     " 設(shè)置背景主題  
 "set guifont=Courier_New:h10:cANSI   " 設(shè)置字體  
 "syntax on           " 語法高亮  
 autocmd InsertLeave * se nocul  " 用淺色高亮當(dāng)前行  
 autocmd InsertEnter * se cul    " 用淺色高亮當(dāng)前行  
 "set ruler           " 顯示標(biāo)尺  
 set showcmd         " 輸入的命令顯示出來旭愧，看的清楚些  
 "set cmdheight=1     " 命令行（在狀態(tài)行下）的高度颅筋，設(shè)置為1  
 "set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l   " 允許backspace和光標(biāo)鍵跨越行邊界(不建議)  
 "set scrolloff=3     " 光標(biāo)移動(dòng)到buffer的頂部和底部時(shí)保持3行距離  
 set novisualbell    " 不要閃爍(不明白)  
 set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")}   "狀態(tài)行顯示的內(nèi)容  
 set laststatus=1    " 啟動(dòng)顯示狀態(tài)行(1),總是顯示狀態(tài)行(2)  
 " set foldenable      " 允許折疊  
 set foldmethod=manual   " 手動(dòng)折疊  
 "set background=dark "背景使用黑色 
 set nocompatible  "去掉有關(guān)vi一致性模式，避免以前版本的一些bug和局限  
 " 顯示中文幫助
 if version >= 603
 set helplang=cn
 set encoding=utf-8
 endif
         " 設(shè)置配色方案
         "colorscheme murphy
         "字體 
         "if (has("gui_running")) 
         "   set guifont=Bitstream\ Vera\ Sans\ Mono\ 10 
         "endif "
set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
set termencoding=utf-8
set encoding=utf-8
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936
set fileencoding=utf-8
autocmd BufReadPost *
    \ if line("'\"") > 0 && line("'\"") <= line("$") |
    \     exe "normal g'\"" |
    \ endif
 
" SHORTCUT SETTINGS: {{{1
" Set mapleader
let mapleader=","
" Space to command mode.
nnoremap <space> :
vnoremap <space> :
" Switching between buffers.
nnoremap <C-h> <C-W>h
nnoremap <C-j> <C-W>j
nnoremap <C-k> <C-W>k
nnoremap <C-l> <C-W>l
inoremap <C-h> <Esc><C-W>h
inoremap <C-j> <Esc><C-W>j
inoremap <C-k> <Esc><C-W>k
inoremap <C-l> <Esc><C-W>l
" "cd" to change to open directory.
let OpenDir=system("pwd")
nmap <silent> <leader>cd :exe 'cd ' . OpenDir<cr>:pwd<cr>
" PLUGIN SETTINGS: {{{1
" taglist.vim
let g:Tlist_Auto_Update=1
let g:Tlist_Process_File_Always=1
let g:Tlist_Exit_OnlyWindow=1
let g:Tlist_Show_One_File=1
let g:Tlist_WinWidth=25
let g:Tlist_Enable_Fold_Column=0
let g:Tlist_Auto_Highlight_Tag=1
" NERDTree.vim
let g:NERDTreeWinPos="right"
let g:NERDTreeWinSize=25
let g:NERDTreeShowLineNumbers=1
let g:NERDTreeQuitOnOpen=1
" cscope.vim
if has("cscope")
    set csto=1
    set cst
    set nocsverb
    if filereadable("cscope.out")
        cs add cscope.out
    endif
    set csverb
endif
" OmniCppComplete.vim
let g:OmniCpp_DefaultNamespaces=["std"]
let g:OmniCpp_MayCompleteScope=1
let g:OmniCpp_SelectFirstItem=2
" VimGDB.vim
if has("gdb")
    set asm=0
    let g:vimgdb_debug_file=""
    run macros/gdb_mappings.vim
endif
" LookupFile setting
let g:LookupFile_TagExpr='"./tags.filename"'
let g:LookupFile_MinPatLength=2
let g:LookupFile_PreserveLastPattern=0
let g:LookupFile_PreservePatternHistory=1
let g:LookupFile_AlwaysAcceptFirst=1
let g:LookupFile_AllowNewFiles=0
" Man.vim
source $VIMRUNTIME/ftplugin/man.vim
" snipMate
let g:snips_author="jesen"
let g:snips_email="xxx_xxx@163.com"
let g:snips_copyright="xxx"
" plugin shortcuts
function! RunShell(Msg, Shell)
    echo a:Msg . '...'
    call system(a:Shell)
    echon 'done'
endfunction
nmap  <F2> :TlistToggle<cr>
nmap  <F3> :NERDTreeToggle<cr>
nmap  <F4> :MRU<cr>
nmap  <F5> <Plug>LookupFile<cr>
nmap  <F6> :vimgrep /<C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr>/ **/*.c **/*.h<cr><C-o>:cw<cr>
nmap  <F9> :call RunShell("Generate tags", "ctags -R --c++-kinds=+p --fields=+iaS --extra=+q .")<cr>
nmap <F10> :call HLUDSync()<cr>
nmap <F11> :call RunShell("Generate filename tags", "~/.vim/shell/genfiletags.sh")<cr>
nmap <F12> :call RunShell("Generate cscope", "cscope -Rb")<cr>:cs add cscope.out<cr>
nmap <leader>sa :cs add cscope.out<cr>
nmap <leader>ss :cs find s <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>sg :cs find g <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>sc :cs find c <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>st :cs find t <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>se :cs find e <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>sf :cs find f <C-R>=expand("<cfile>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>si :cs find i <C-R>=expand("<cfile>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>sd :cs find d <C-R>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr>
nmap <leader>zz <C-w>o
nmap <leader>gs :GetScripts<cr>
autocmd BufNewFile *.cpp,*.[ch],*.sh,*.java exec ":call SetTitle()"

func SetTitle()
    if &filetype == 'sh'
        call setline(1,"\#########################################################################")
        call append(line("."), "\# File Name: ".expand("%"))
        call append(line(".")+1, "\# Author: jesen")
        call append(line(".")+2, "\# mail: xxx_xxx@163.com")
        call append(line(".")+3, "\# Created Time:".strftime("%c"))
        call append(line(".")+4,"\#########################################################################")
        call append(line(".")+5, "\#!/bin/bash")
        call append(line(".")+6, "") 
    else
        call setline(1, "/*************************************************************************")
        call append(line("."), "  @File Name: ".expand("%"))
        call append(line(".")+1, "  @Author: jesen")
        call append(line(".")+2, "  @Mail:xxx_xxx@163.com")
        call append(line(".")+3, "  @Created Time: ".strftime("%c"))
        call append(line(".")+4," ************************************************************************/")
        call append(line(".")+5, "") 
    endif
    if &filetype == 'cpp'
        call append(line(".")+6, "#include <iostream>")
 
        call append(line(".")+7, "")
        call append(line(".")+8, "using namespace std;")
        call append(line(".")+9, "")
        call append(line(".")+10, "int main(void){")
        call append(line(".")+11, "")
        call append(line(".")+12, "    return 0;")
        call append(line(".")+13, "}")
    endif
    if &filetype == 'c'
        call append(line(".")+6, "#include <stdio.h>")
        call append(line(".")+7, "")
        call append(line(".")+8, "int main(int argc, char* argv[])")
               call append(line(".")+9, "{")
        call append(line(".")+10, "")
        call append(line(".")+11,"  return 0;")
        call append(line(".")+12, "}")
    endif
    autocmd BufNewFile *normal G
endfunc
inoremap ( ()<Esc>i>

四输枯、遇到的問題

實(shí)際上因?yàn)槲襣cc和cmake版本過低议泵，執(zhí)行./install.py 時(shí)候遇到了很多問題，解決方法就是升級(jí)這兩者桃熄。

1.gcc版本過低報(bào)錯(cuò)先口，升級(jí)gcc

準(zhǔn)備工作：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install build-essential

1）下載安裝包

#下載源代碼并解壓：
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-9.2.0/gcc-9.2.0.tar.xz
$ tar xvf gcc-9.2.0.tar.xz

#配置安裝路徑：
$ sudo vim /etc/profile #加入以下內(nèi)容
export PATH="/usr/local/gcc-9.2.0/bin:$PATH"

2）源碼自動(dòng)配置：

$ cd  gcc-9.2.0/
$ ./contrib/download_prerequisites

執(zhí)行后得到以下結(jié)果：

　　gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2: 成功
　　mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2: 成功
　　mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz: 成功
　　isl-0.18.tar.bz2: 成功
　　All prerequisites downloaded successfully.

3）新建一個(gè)編譯目錄：

 cd  ..
 mkdir temp_gcc9.2.0 && cd temp_gcc9.2.0

4）設(shè)置編譯選項(xiàng)，生成make文件：

　　../gcc-9.2.0/configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc-9.2.0 --enable-threads=posix --disable-checking --disable-multilib       //允許多線程瞳收，不允許32位等選項(xiàng)

5）編譯安裝 特別慢...特別慢

　　make         //約一個(gè)多小時(shí)*
　　sudo  make  install

2.升級(jí)cmake

make版本過低會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)嫌棄版本太低：
CMake x.x or higher is required. You are running version x.x.x
1）下載需要的cmake版本碉京，官網(wǎng) https://cmake.org/download/，于是我就下載了最新版 螟深⌒持妫看了網(wǎng)上各種說法，沒敢用命令“sudo apt-get autoremove cmake”卸載老版本界弧。

$ wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.19.8/cmake-3.19.8.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf  cmake-3.19.8.tar.gz
$ cd cmake-3.19.8

新版Cmake提供了編譯腳本凡蜻，可以直接下載下來,放到解壓后的cmake文件夾下待使用：

$ wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.19.8/cmake-3.19.8-Linux-x86_64.sh

最后執(zhí)行編譯安裝：

sudo ./cmake-3.19.8-Linux-x86_64.sh

2)配置環(huán)境變量,sudo vim /etc/profile,添加 ：

#cmake
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cmake-3.19.8-Linux-x86_64/bin
#gcc
export PATH="/usr/local/gcc-9.2.0/bin:$PATH"

3.沖突報(bào)錯(cuò)

處理 /home/jesen/.vim/bundle/newL9/plugin/l9.vim 時(shí)發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤:
第 40 行:
E174: Command already exists: add ! to replace it: L9Assert :
第 89 行:
E174: Command already exists: add ! to replace it: L9Timer :
第 100 行:
E174: Command already exists: add ! to replace it: L9GrepBuffer call l9#grepBuffers(<q-args>, [bufnr('%')])
第 104 行:
E174: Command already exists: add ! to replace it: L9GrepBufferAll call l9#grepBuffers(<q-args>, range(1, bufnr('$')))
請(qǐng)按 ENTER 或其它命令繼續(xù)

解決方案：
打開報(bào)錯(cuò)路徑下的文件l9.vim，按提示添加!或者注釋掉

4.vim編輯窗口底部報(bào)錯(cuò)

NoExtraConfDetected: No .ycm_extra_conf.py file detected, so n13,1 全部

解決方法1：

$ locate  ycm_extra_conf.py #查找該文件所在路徑

選擇YouCompleteMe下的路徑

將該路徑添加到.vimrc配置文件中：

let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf='/home/jesen/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/.ycm_extra_conf.py'

解決方法2：
（參考：https://blog.csdn.net/u014070086/article/details/88692896）
如果找不到y(tǒng)cm_extra_conf.py文件垢箕，可以在用戶目錄下新建一個(gè)划栓，將它的路徑添加到.vimrc:

$ cd ~ && sudo vi ycm_extra_conf.py

寫入以下內(nèi)容：

import os
import ycm_core
 
flags = [
    '-Wall',
    '-Wextra',
    '-Werror',
    '-Wno-long-long',
    '-Wno-variadic-macros',
    '-fexceptions',
    '-DNDEBUG',
    '-std=c++11',
    '-x',
    'c++',
    '-I',
    '/usr/include',
    '-isystem',
    '/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/include',
    '-isystem',
    '/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu',
    '-isystem'
    '/usr/include/c++/5',
    '-isystem',
    '/usr/include/c++/5/bits'
  ]
 
SOURCE_EXTENSIONS = [ '.cpp', '.cxx', '.cc', '.c', ]
 
def FlagsForFile( filename, **kwargs ):
  return {
    'flags': flags,
    'do_cache': True
  }

然后在.vimrc添加新建文件的路徑：

let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf='~/.ycm_extra_conf.py'
let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf = 0