0:11So yesterday, I was out in the street?in front of this building,?and I was walking down thesidewalk/'sa?dw?k/,?and I had company, several of us,?and we were allabiding/?'ba?d??/by the rules?of walking down sidewalks.?We're not talking each other. We're facing forward.?We're moving.?When the person in front of me slows down.?And so I'm watching him, and he slows down,?and finally he stops.?Well, that wasn't fast enough for me,?so I put on my turn signal, and I walked around him,?and as I walked, I looked to see what he was doing,?and he was doing this.?He was texting,?and he couldn't text and walk at the same time.?Now we couldapproach/?'prot?/thisfroma working memory perspective?or from a multitasking perspective.?We're going to do working memory today.
sidewalk/'sa?dw?k/,
人行道
abiding/?'ba?d??/
adj. 持久的俄精，永久的朵纷；不變的
v. 遵守；容忍；繼續(xù)存在（abide的現(xiàn)在分詞）
approach/?'prot?/
n. 方法；途徑；接近
vt. 接近右蕊；著手處理
vi. 靠近
0:59Now, working memory?is that part of ourconsciousness['k?n??sn?s]that we are?aware of at any given time of day.You're going it right now.?It's not something we can turn off.?If you turn it off, that's called acoma/'kom?/okay?So right now, you're doing just fine.
consciousness[‘k?n??sn?s] 意識(shí)
coma/'kom?/
n. [醫(yī)] 昏迷；[天] 彗形像差
n. (Coma)人名吮螺；(法、西)科馬
1:16Now working memory has four basic components.It allows us to store some immediate experiences?and a little bit of knowledge.?It allows us to reach back into our long-term memory?and pull some of that in as we need it,?mixes it, processes itin light ofwhatever our current goal is.?Now the current goal isn't something like,?I want to be president or the bestsurfer/?s?f?/in the world.It's more mundane/m?n?den/. I'd like that cookie,?or I need to figure out how to get into my hotel room.?Now working memory capacity?is our ability toleverage/'l?v?r?d?/that,?our ability to take what we know?and what we can hang onto?and leverage it in ways that allow us tosatisfyour current goal.
in light of
根據(jù)帕翻；鑒于鸠补；從…觀點(diǎn)
mundane/m?n?den/
adj. 世俗的，平凡的嘀掸；世界的紫岩，宇宙的
leverage/'l?v?r?d?/
n. 手段，影響力睬塌；杠桿作用泉蝌；杠桿效率
v. 利用；舉債經(jīng)營(yíng)
1:56Now working memory capacity?has a fairly long history,?and it's associated with a lot of positive effects.People with high working memory capacity?tend to be goodstorytellers'st?r?t?l?/.?They tend to solve and do well on standardized tests,howeverimportant that is.?They're able to have high levels of writing ability.They're also able to reason at high levels.
storytellers'st?r?t?l?/.
n. 說(shuō)故事的人揩晴；故事作者勋陪；短篇小說(shuō)作家
2:19So what we're going to do here is play a little bit with some of that.?So I'm going to ask you to perform a couple tasks,?and we're going to take your working memoryout for a ride.You up for that? Okay.
out for a ride
出去兜風(fēng)
2:31I'm going to give you five words,?and I just want you to hang on to them.?Don't write them down. Just hang on to them.?Five words.?While you're hanging on to them, I'm going to ask you to answer three questions.?I want to see what happens with those words.?So here's the words:?tree,?highway,?mirror,Saturn/'s?t?n/andelectrode/?'l?ktrod/.?So far so good??Okay. What I want you to do?is I want you to tell me what the answer is?to 23 times eight.?Justshout/?a?t/it out.?(Mumbling/'m?mbl/) (Laughter)?In fact it's -- (Mumbling) -- exactly. (Laughter)?All right. I want you to take out your left hand?and I want you to go, "One, two, three, four, five,six, seven, eight, nine, 10."?It's a neurological test, just in case you were wondering.?All right, now what I want you to do?is to recite the last five letters?of the English alphabet backwards.?You should have started with Z.?(Laughter)
Saturn/'s?t?n/
n. [天] 土星；農(nóng)業(yè)之神（羅馬神話中的一個(gè)形象）
electrode/?'l?ktrod/
電極
in case
conj. 萬(wàn)一硫兰；假使
3:42All right. How many people here are still pretty sure?you've got all five words??Okay. Typically we end up with about less than half,?right, which is normal. There will be a range.?Some people can hang on to five.Some people can hang on to 10.?Some will be down to two or three.
3:57What we know is this is really important to the way we function, right??And it's going to be really important here at TED?because you're going to beexposed/?k'spozd/to so many different ideas.
exposed/?k'spozd/
adj. 暴露的诅愚，無(wú)掩蔽的
v. 暴露，揭露（expose的過(guò)去分詞）
4:06Now the problem that we have?is that life comes at us,?and it comes at us very quickly,?and what we need to do is to take thatamorphous/?'m?rf?s/flow of experience andsomehow/'s?mha?/extract meaning from it?with a working memory?that's about the size of apea.?Now don't get me wrong, working memory is awesome.?Working memory allows us?to investigate/?n'v?st?ɡet/our current experience?as we move forward.It allows us to make sense of the world around us.?But it does have certain limits.
amorphous/?’m?rf?s/
adj. 無(wú)定形的劫映；無(wú)組織的违孝；[物] 非晶形的
somehow/'s?mha?/
adv. 以某種方法刹前；莫名其妙地
make a sense of:理解
4:36Now working memory is great for allowing us to communicate.?We can have a conversation,?and I can build anarrative/'n?r?t?v/around that?so I know where we've been and where we're going?and how to contribute to this conversation.?It allows us to problem-solve, critical think.?We can be in the middle of a meeting,listen to somebody'spresentation?/priz?n'te??n/,evaluate/?'v?lj?'et/it,?decide whether or not we like it,?ask follow-up questions.All of that occurs within working memory.?It also allows us to go to the store?and allows us to get milk and eggs and cheese?when what we're really looking for?is Red Bull andbacon. (Laughter)Gottamake sure we're getting what we're looking for.Now, a central issue with working memory?is that it's limited.It's limited in capacity, limited in duration,?limited in focus.?We tend to remember about four things.Okay? It used to be seven,?but with functional MRIs,apparently/?'p?r?ntli/it's four,?and we wereoverachieving/?ov?r?'t?iv/.Now we can remember those four things?for about 10 to 20 seconds?unless we do something with it,unless we process it, unless we apply it to something,?unless we talk to somebody about it.
narrative/'n?r?t?v/
n. 敘述；故事雌桑；講述
adj. 敘事的喇喉，敘述的；敘事體的
evaluate/?’v?lj?'et/
vt. 評(píng)價(jià)校坑；估價(jià)轧飞；求…的值
vi. 評(píng)價(jià)；估價(jià)
MRIshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging核磁共振
apparently/?’p?r?ntli/
adv. 顯然地撒踪；似乎过咬，表面上
overachieving/?ov?r?'t?iv/
vi. 完成得比預(yù)期要好
vt. 做得比預(yù)期的更好
5:43When we think about working memory,?we have to realize that this limited capacity?has lots of different impacts on us.Have you ever walked from one room to another?and then forgotten why you're there?You do know the solution to that, right??You go back to that original room. (Laughter)?Have you ever forgotten your keys??You ever forgotten your car??You ever forgotten your kids??Have you ever been involved in a conversation,?and you realize that the conversation to your left?is actually more interesting? (Laughter)?So you'renodding/?nɑd??/and you're smiling,?but you're really paying attention to this one over here,until you hear that last word go up,?and you realize,?you've been asked a question. (Laughter)?And you're really hoping the answer is no,?because that's what you're about to say.?All of that talks about working memory,?what we can do and what we can't do.?We need to realize that working memory?has a limited capacity,?and that working memory capacity itself is how we negotiate that.?We negotiate that through strategies.
nodding/?nɑd??/
adj. 點(diǎn)頭的，低垂的制妄；昏昏欲睡的
v. 點(diǎn)頭掸绞；打盹；擺動(dòng)（nod的ing形式）
6:48So what I want to do is talk a little bit about a couple of strategies here,?and these will be really important because you are now in an information target-rich environment?for the next several days.?Now the first part of this that we need to think about?and we need to process our existence, our life,?immediately and repeatedly.We need to process what's going on?the moment it happens, not 10 minutes later,?not a week later, at the moment.So we need to think about, well, do I agree with him??What's missing? What would I like to know??Do I agree with theassumptions/?'s?mp??n/?How can I apply this in my life?It's a way of processing what's going on?so that we can use it later.?Now we also need to repeat it. We need to practice.So we need to think about it here.In between,we want to talk to people about it.?We're going to write it down, and when you get home,?pull out those notes and think about them?andend uppracticingover time.?Practice for some reason became a very negative thing.?It's very positive.
over time
加班
超時(shí)
隨著時(shí)間的過(guò)去
久而久之
7:46The next thing is, we need to thinkelaborativelyand we need to thinkillustratively美[?'l?str?t?v].Oftentimes,we think that we have to relate new knowledge toprior/‘pra??/knowledge.What we want to do isspinthat around.?We want to take all of our existence?and wrap it around that new knowledge?and make all of these connections and it becomes more meaningful.?We also want to useimagery/'?m?d??ri/.We are built for images.?We need to take advantage of that.Think about things in images,?write things down that way.?If you read a book, pull things up.?I just got through reading "The Great Gatsby,"?and I have a perfect idea of what he looks like?in my head,so my own version.
imagery/‘?m?d??ri/
n. 像耕捞；意象衔掸；比喻；形象化
elaboratively美[?’l?b?r?t?vl?]煞費(fèi)苦心地
illustratively /i?l?str?div,?il??strādiv/
Somethingillustrativemeans it is a telling example of something else. Within this word, you see illustrate which means to make something clear by using pictures or examples. Something isillustrativewhen it paints a perfect picture of a subject.
adv.認(rèn)真做地; 精練地; 細(xì)致地; 苦心經(jīng)營(yíng)地; 詳細(xì)闡述地
8:23The last one isorganization/??rɡ?n?'ze??n/and support.?We are meaning-making machines. It's what we do.We try tomake meaning out of everything that happens to us.Organization helps, so we need to structure?what we're doing in ways that make sense.?If we are providing knowledge and experience,?we need to structure that.
organization/??rɡ?n?'ze??n/
n. 組織俺抽；機(jī)構(gòu)敞映；體制；團(tuán)體
make meaning out of 使有意義
8:39And the last one is support.?We all started asnovices/'n?vis/.Everything we do is anapproximation/?'prɑks?'me??n/ofsophistication/s?,f?st?'ke??n/.?We should expect it to change over time. We have to support that.?The support may come in asking people questions,?giving them a sheet of paper that has an organizational chart on it?or has some guiding images,?but we need to support it.
novices/'n?vis/.
n. 新手磷斧，初學(xué)者（novice的復(fù)數(shù)形式）
approximation/?’prɑks?'me??n/
n. [數(shù)] 近似法振愿；接近；[數(shù)] 近似值
sophistication/s?,f?st?’ke??n/
n. 復(fù)雜弛饭；詭辯冕末；老于世故；有教養(yǎng)
8:59Now,the final piece of this, thetake-homemessage?from a working memorycapacity/k?’p?s?ti/standpoint is this:what we process, we learn.If we're not processing life, we're not living it.?Live life. Thank you.
[time]
6:50 - 7:24am 34m
6:30-7:07pm 37m
Now working memory has four basic components
It's more mundane/m?n?den/.
It allows us to make sense of the world around us. But it does have certain limits.
Now, a central issue with working memory is that it's limited.It's limited in capacity, limited in duration, limited in focus
Now we can remember those four things for about 10 to 20 seconds unless we do something with it,unless we process it, unless we apply it to something, unless we talk to somebody about it.
When we think about working memory, we have to realize that this limited capacity has lots of different impacts on us.
We need to process what's going on the moment it happens, not 10 minutes later, not a week later, at the moment.
How can I apply this in my life? It's a way of processing what's going on so that we can use it later. Now we also need to repeat it. We need to practice.
The next thing is, we need to think elaboratively and we need to think illustratively美 [?'l?str?t?v]. Oftentimes, we think that we have to relate new knowledge to prior /‘pra??/ knowledge.
We are built for images. We need to take advantage of that.
We try to make meaning out of everything that happens to us.
And the last one is support. We all started as novices/'n?vis/.
what we process, we learn. If we're not processing life, we're not living it. Live life
