導讀:母乳銀行的原則很簡單：母親們捐贈經(jīng)過檢測的母乳憨栽，經(jīng)過巴氏殺菌，然后發(fā)放給有需要的嬰兒翼虫。
Patrick, a premature baby weighing a minuscule 1.2 kilograms, was "saved" by a breast milk bank in South Africa, where child mortality is high despite being the continent’s most developed economy.
Patrick屑柔，南非的一個早產(chǎn)兒，體重僅有1.2公斤珍剑，被一個母乳銀行挽救了生命掸宛。盡管南非是非洲大陸最發(fā)達的國家，這里的兒童死亡率卻非常高招拙。
"It was a question of life and death because of the fact he could not go on formula," said his 39-year-old mother Annerleigh Bartlett.
他的39歲的母親annerleigh Bartlett說唧瘾，“因為他不能食用配方奶粉，這真成了一個生死攸關(guān)的問題别凤∈涡颍”
"There was no way. He was too little."
“沒辦法，他太小了规哪∏笤ィ”
Bartlett, from Cape Town, wasn’t producing her own milk yet, and baby formula can damage premature babies’ intestines.
生活在南非開普敦的Bartlett不能分泌母乳，而嬰兒配方奶粉又會損傷早產(chǎn)兒的腸胃诉稍。
So, for the first two weeks of his life, Patrick relied for his survival on breast milk donated by anonymous women.
因此蝠嘉，前兩個星期，Patrick完全依賴匿名女性捐贈給母乳銀行的母乳生存杯巨。
The principle of milk banks is simple: mothers donate milk, which is tested, pasteurized, and then delivered to babies in need.
母乳銀行的原則很簡單：母親們捐贈經(jīng)過檢測的母乳蚤告，經(jīng)過巴氏殺菌，然后發(fā)放給有需要的嬰兒舔箭。
"Every drop counts," said a poster at the headquarters of the South African Breastmilk Reserve (SABR), a network of milk banks which supply 87 hospitals and will feed over 2,800 children this year.
南非母乳儲備中心（SABR）總部的一張海報上寫著罩缴，“每一滴乳汁都是有價值的蚊逢。”今年箫章，一個母乳銀行網(wǎng)點供應(yīng)著87家醫(yī)院里2800多個嗷嗷待哺的嬰兒烙荷。
"Human milk banks should be promoted and supported as an effective approach to reduce ... mortality for babies who cannot be breastfed," said South Africa’s Ministry of Health in a recent report.
南非衛(wèi)生部最近的一份報告中稱，“母乳銀行是一種有效的方式檬寂，降低那些無法母乳喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒的死亡率终抽，應(yīng)予推廣和支持⊥爸粒”
"South Africa has a much higher nutrition problem than countries at comparable income levels."
“相比其它同等收入國家昼伴，南非的營養(yǎng)不良問題更嚴重×鸵伲”
South Africa’s infant mortality rate was 32.8 deaths per 1,000 births in 2013 - far higher than countries such as Egypt, Algeria or Indonesia.
2013年圃郊，南非每1000個嬰兒死亡數(shù)字是32.8.，遠遠高出像埃及女蜈、阿爾及利亞和印度尼西亞這樣的國家持舆。
Low breastfeeding rates
低母乳喂養(yǎng)率
Children who are exclusively breastfed are 14 times more likely to survive their first six months of life than formula-fed children, according to the United Nations Children’s Fund, UNICEF.
據(jù)聯(lián)合國兒童基金會（UNICEF）稱，純母乳喂養(yǎng)嬰兒在前六個月的存活率是奶粉喂養(yǎng)嬰兒的14倍伪窖。
But South Africa has very low breastfeeding rates at just 7.4 percent, partly as a result of prevalent poverty and effective marketing by baby formula companies.
但是南非母乳喂養(yǎng)率非常低逸寓，僅有7.4%，部分原因是人們比較貧窮覆山，以及嬰兒配方奶粉公司的成功營銷竹伸。
Soon after having their babies, many poor mothers need to get working again.
在分娩后不久，很多貧窮家庭的母親們就得馬上恢復工作簇宽。
"Many of these moms are not employed in the formal sector. They don’t get maternity benefits," said Chantell Witten, researcher at the North West University Center of Excellence for Nutrition in South Africa.
南非西北大學營養(yǎng)卓越中心研究員Chantell Witten 說勋篓，“這些媽媽們大多都沒有受雇于正規(guī)部門。他們沒有生育津貼晦毙∩玻”
"It means that moms are not with their baby, so they start formula feed.”
“這意味著嬰兒得和母親分離耙蔑，開始奶粉喂養(yǎng)见妒。”
"These babies don’t get the right formula because moms can’t afford to feed adequately and appropriately."
“因為他們的母親無法給予充分甸陌、適當?shù)恼疹櫺氪В@些嬰兒們沒有得到合適的奶粉喂養(yǎng)∏恚”
There is also a pervasive belief in South Africa that formula milk is better for the baby.
在南非還有一個普遍的觀念耻卡，認為配方奶粉比母乳好。
"A lot of poor people think that rich people formula-feed. They aspire for the best for their children," said Stasha Jordan, SABR’s director, describing some of the marketing for formula as "aggressive."
南非母乳儲備中心總監(jiān)Stasha Jordan將一些奶粉營銷方式稱為“侵略”牲尺，他說卵酪，“很多窮人認為有錢人都選擇奶粉喂養(yǎng)幌蚊。他們渴望給自己孩子最好的±？ǎ”
Until 2011, formula was distributed for free to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child, another factor leading toward a bias to using formula over milk.
為防止艾滋病毒因母乳喂養(yǎng)而傳播給孩子溢豆，直到2011年，配方奶粉仍是免費分發(fā)的瘸羡。另一個主要因素是人們對母乳有偏見漩仙，因而使用配方奶粉。
But experts say attitudes toward breast milk are changing.
但專家稱對人們對母乳的態(tài)度正在發(fā)生著改變犹赖。
Baby formula advertisements have been banned in magazines and billboards since 2012 and South Africa now encourages HIV-positive mothers to breastfeed as long as they are taking antiretrovirals. Still, there is some way to go.
從2012年起队他，雜志和廣告牌已經(jīng)被禁止刊登嬰兒配方奶粉的廣告，南非現(xiàn)在還鼓勵HIV陽性的母親母乳喂養(yǎng)峻村，只要堅持服用抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物麸折。當然，還有一些路要走粘昨。
"First we were very uncomfortable, knowing that it is a fluid from someone else," said Pradesh Mewalala, whose twins Anya and Ariana were born prematurely.
Pradesh Mewalala 說磕谅，“剛開始，知道這些母乳是別人身上的液體雾棺，我們感覺非常不舒服膊夹。”她有一對雙胞胎早產(chǎn)兒Anya和Ariana捌浩。
Mewalala eventually agreed to use the milk, a decision that saved his daughters.
Mewalala最終同意使用這些母乳放刨，這個決定挽救了她的女兒們。
The milk undergoes strict microbiological screening and donors must take AIDS and Hepatitis B tests.
這些母乳須經(jīng)過嚴格的微生物審查尸饺，捐獻者必須通過艾滋病和乙肝測試进统。
Patrick is now a vibrant six-month-old baby. Eventually, his mother was able to breastfeed.
Patrick現(xiàn)在已長成了一個6個月大的充滿活力的嬰兒，他的媽媽也能夠分泌母乳了浪听。
It’s now her turn to be a donor at the Milk Matters bank in Cape Town.
所以螟碎，現(xiàn)在就輪到他的媽媽當一名開普敦牛奶銀行的母乳捐贈志愿者了。
"I needed to pay back the institution that helped me and our child kind of survive," said Bartlett.
Bartlett說迹栓，“我需要回報這個制度掉分，它曾幫助過我和我的孩子生存下來】艘粒”
"I managed to provide three liters of milk ... to assist with feeding 20 babies for a period of 24 hours."
“我得設(shè)法提供三公升母乳…以滿足20名嬰兒24小時內(nèi)的喂養(yǎng)酥郭。”
來源:Global Times
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