通過冗余減少瓶頸
Reduce bottlenecks through redundancy
備注：是技能的冗余鲤拿，而不是人員的冗余
當(dāng)一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)或個(gè)人的工作太多例嘱，無法及時(shí)處理時(shí)，項(xiàng)目就會(huì)出現(xiàn)瓶頸低千。
Bottlenecks occur on your project when there is too much work going into one team or person than can be handled in a timely fashion.?
例如掺栅，如果所有故事都需要經(jīng)歷QA（質(zhì)量保證）周期姜胖，并且有四個(gè)開發(fā)人員完成故事誉帅，一個(gè)QA人員，那么如果QA人員無法跟上四個(gè)開發(fā)員的工作進(jìn)度右莱，那么他們很快就會(huì)成為瓶頸蚜锨。
For example, if all stories need to go through a QA (quality assurance) cycle, and you have four developers completing stories and one QA person, then the QA person will quickly become a bottleneck if they cannot keep up with the work for the four developers.?
因此，故事通過QA的時(shí)間比預(yù)期的要長慢蜓，這將導(dǎo)致團(tuán)隊(duì)的整體生產(chǎn)力降低亚再。
As a result, stories will take longer to get through QA than expected, which will cause the overall productivity of the team to slow.?
當(dāng)團(tuán)隊(duì)過于專業(yè)化時(shí)，很容易出現(xiàn)瓶頸晨抡，并且在工作時(shí)也會(huì)在責(zé)任之間劃出硬線氛悬。
Bottlenecks are apt to happen when teams are overly specialized and also draw hard lines between responsibilities when they work.?
防止瓶頸的最佳方法是在您選擇或培訓(xùn)團(tuán)隊(duì)時(shí)創(chuàng)建冗余，以便人們愿意并能夠作為替代角色參與其中凄诞，而這些角色可能不是他們的主要職能圆雁。
The best way to prevent bottlenecks is to create redundancy when you are choosing or training your team so that people are willing and able to pitch in as an alternate on roles that may not be their primary function.?
在第10章中，我將討論項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人如何通過填補(bǔ)空白來加快移交【遞手傳球】帆谍。
In chapter 10, I will talk about how project leaders can expedite handoffs by plugging gaps.?
當(dāng)他們填補(bǔ)空白時(shí)，項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人就充當(dāng)了這些任務(wù)的冗余層轴咱。
When they are plugging gaps, the project leader is acting as a redundant layer for those tasks.?
其他團(tuán)隊(duì)成員也可以接受培訓(xùn)或準(zhǔn)備好同樣這么做汛蝙。
Other team members can be trained or prepared to do the same.?
在產(chǎn)品開發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)中，產(chǎn)品所有者和設(shè)計(jì)師可以幫助進(jìn)行QA測試朴肺。
In product development teams, product owners and designers can help with QA testing.?
后端開發(fā)人員可能會(huì)參與前端工作窖剑。
Back-end developers may be able to pitch in on front-end work.?
開發(fā)人員可以幫助編寫故事并解決驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
Developers can help to write stories and flush out acceptance criteria.?
當(dāng)您在團(tuán)隊(duì)中創(chuàng)建技能組冗余戈稿，并設(shè)定團(tuán)隊(duì)中的個(gè)人在工作沒有以最佳速度進(jìn)行時(shí)能夠并且應(yīng)該相互支持的期望時(shí)西土，您可以降低與瓶頸相關(guān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
When you create redundancy in skill sets across your teams, and you set expectations that individuals on the team can and should support one another when work is not moving at an optimal pace, you reduce the risk associated with bottlenecks.?
這實(shí)際上是敏捷工作流看板風(fēng)格的主要原則之一鞍盗。
This is actually one of the primary tenets of the Kanban style of Agile workflows.?
當(dāng)太多的故事被“卡住”在一個(gè)特定的狀態(tài)需了，并違反了該狀態(tài)的WIP（在制品）限制時(shí)跳昼，團(tuán)隊(duì)中的每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該努力使WIP任務(wù)計(jì)數(shù)達(dá)到合理的數(shù)字。
When too many stories get “stuck” in a particular status and violate the WIP (work in progress) limit for that status, then everyone on the team is expected to pitch in to bring the WIP task count to a reasonable number.?
當(dāng)選擇項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)時(shí)肋乍，一位熱心的項(xiàng)目領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者會(huì)考慮冗余鹅颊，并選擇適當(dāng)?shù)馁Y源平衡，以及冗余技能來為項(xiàng)目的成功做好準(zhǔn)備墓造。
A keen project leader will think about redundancy when the team for the project is being chosen and choose the right balance of resources, with redundant skills to set the project up for success.?
在我職業(yè)生涯的幾個(gè)階段堪伍，我實(shí)際上是在我自己項(xiàng)目中的瓶頸。
I was actually the bottleneck on my own project at several points in my career.?
未完待續(xù)
