一搏色、blackbox_exporter介紹
blackbox_exporter 是 Prometheus 官方提供的一個(gè) exporter， 可以監(jiān)控 HTTP券册、HTTPS,频轿、 DNS垂涯、 TCP 、 ICMP 等目標(biāo)實(shí)例航邢， 從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)被監(jiān)控節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控和數(shù)據(jù)采集耕赘。
HTTP/HTPPS： URL/API 可用性檢測(cè)
TCP： 端口監(jiān)聽(tīng)檢測(cè)
ICMP： 主機(jī)存活檢測(cè)
DNS： 域名解析

二、安裝部署blackbox_exporter
wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.22.0/blackbox_exporter-0.22.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

tar -xf blackbox_exporter-0.22.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /apps/

cd /apps/

mv blackbox_exporter-0.22.0.linux-amd64/ blackbox_exporter

[root@monitoring ~]# vim /etc/systemd/system/blackbox-exporter.service
[root@monitoring ~]# cat /etc/systemd/system/blackbox-exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Blackbox Exporter
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
Group=root

ExecStart=/apps/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter \
--config.file=/apps/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml \
--web.listen-address=:9115
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@monitoring ~]# 
[root@monitoring ~]# systemctl enable --now blackbox-exporter.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/blackbox-exporter.service → /etc/systemd/system/blackbox-exporter.service.
[root@monitoring ~]# systemctl status blackbox-exporter.service 
● blackbox-exporter.service - Prometheus Blackbox Exporter
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/blackbox-exporter.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-09-27 16:56:04 CST; 1min 13s ago
 Main PID: 29832 (blackbox_export)
    Tasks: 8 (limit: 49440)
   Memory: 4.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/blackbox-exporter.service
           └─29832 /apps/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/apps/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml --web.listen-address=:9115

Sep 27 16:56:04 monitoring systemd[1]: Started Prometheus Blackbox Exporter.
Sep 27 16:56:04 monitoring blackbox_exporter[29832]: ts=2022-09-27T08:56:04.252Z caller=main.go:256 level=info msg="Starting blackbox_exporter" version="(version=0.22.0, >
Sep 27 16:56:04 monitoring blackbox_exporter[29832]: ts=2022-09-27T08:56:04.253Z caller=main.go:257 level=info build_context="(go=go1.18.5, user=root@4d81de342d10, date=2>
Sep 27 16:56:04 monitoring blackbox_exporter[29832]: ts=2022-09-27T08:56:04.255Z caller=main.go:269 level=info msg="Loaded config file"
Sep 27 16:56:04 monitoring blackbox_exporter[29832]: ts=2022-09-27T08:56:04.257Z caller=main.go:417 level=info msg="Listening on address" address=:9115
Sep 27 16:56:04 monitoring blackbox_exporter[29832]: ts=2022-09-27T08:56:04.258Z caller=tls_config.go:195 level=info msg="TLS is disabled." http2=false
[root@monitoring ~]# netstat -tnlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      835/sshd            
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      835/sshd            
tcp6       0      0 :::3000                 :::*                    LISTEN      24712/grafana-serve 
tcp6       0      0 :::9115                 :::*                    LISTEN      29832/blackbox_expo 
tcp6       0      0 :::9090                 :::*                    LISTEN      29615/prometheus    
tcp6       0      0 :::51234                :::*                    LISTEN      24847/node_exporter 
tcp6       0      0 :::9256                 :::*                    LISTEN      24879/process-expor 
[root@monitoring ~]#

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2.1膳殷、blackbox exporter 實(shí)現(xiàn) URL 監(jiān)控
配置Prometheus

[root@monitoring prometheus]# vim prometheus.yml
[root@monitoring prometheus]# grep http_status  -A10  prometheus.yml
  - job_name: 'http_status'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['http://www.xiaomi.com', 'http://www.magedu.com']
        labels:
          instance: http_status
          group: web
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__] # 將__address__(當(dāng)前監(jiān)控目標(biāo)URL地址的標(biāo)簽)修改為_(kāi)_param_target,用于傳遞給blackbox_exporter
        target_label: __param_target #標(biāo)簽key為_(kāi)_param_target操骡、value為www.xiaomi.mkey為_(kāi)_param_target、value為www.magedu.com
      - source_labels: [__param_target] #基于__param_target獲取監(jiān)控目標(biāo)
        target_label: url #將監(jiān)控目標(biāo)的值與 url 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)label
      - target_label: __address__ #新添加一個(gè)目標(biāo)__address__,指向blackbox_exporter服務(wù)器地址,用于將監(jiān)控請(qǐng)求發(fā)送給指定的blackbox_exporter服務(wù)器
        replacement: 172.16.88.20:9115 #指定blackbox_exporter服務(wù)器地址

#API Serevr節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)現(xiàn)
[root@monitoring prometheus]# ./promtool check config prometheus.yml
Checking prometheus.yml
 SUCCESS: prometheus.yml is valid prometheus config file syntax

[root@monitoring prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus.service 
[root@monitoring prometheus]#

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2.2赚窃、blackbox exporter 實(shí)現(xiàn) ICMP 監(jiān)控
ICMP就是Ping使用的協(xié)議当娱，可以探測(cè)IP是否在線：

[root@monitoring prometheus]# vim prometheus.yml
[root@monitoring prometheus]# ./promtool check config prometheus.yml
Checking prometheus.yml
 SUCCESS: prometheus.yml is valid prometheus config file syntax
[root@monitoring prometheus]# grep ping_status  -A10  prometheus.yml
  - job_name: 'ping_status'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
     module: [icmp]
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['172.16.88.254',"223.6.6.6"]
      labels:
        instance: 'ping_status'
        group: 'icmp'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: ip
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 172.16.88.20:9115

#API Serevr節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)現(xiàn)
[root@monitoring prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus.service 
[root@monitoring prometheus]#

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2.3、blackbox exporter 實(shí)現(xiàn)端口監(jiān)控

[root@monitoring prometheus]# vim prometheus.yml
[root@monitoring prometheus]# ./promtool check config prometheus.yml
Checking prometheus.yml
 SUCCESS: prometheus.yml is valid prometheus config file syntax

[root@monitoring prometheus]# grep port_status  -A10  prometheus.yml
  - job_name: 'port_status'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
     module: [tcp_connect]
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['172.16.88.20:51234', '172.16.88.20:9256','172.16.88.20:22']
        labels:
          instance: 'port_status'
          group: 'port'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: ip
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 172.16.88.20:9115

#API Serevr節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)現(xiàn)
[root@monitoring prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus.service 
[root@monitoring prometheus]#

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Grafana模板
可在官網(wǎng)查找blackbox_exporter相關(guān)的模板：

https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/

推薦模板ID：9965, 13587