該文章有關(guān)海外移民

Overcoming these objections will be hard. But not impossible, if policymakers observe four principles. First, border control matters. Voters, perfectly reasonably, cannot abide chaos; governments must set and enforce the rules for who comes. Second, migrants must pay their way. Most already do, but it is crucial to design policies that encourage this, by making it easy for them to work and hard, at least for a while, to claim welfare benefits.

要解決這些問題很難抱究，但也不是不可能图柏，只要決策者認(rèn)真貫徹四個原則夕膀。第一否灾，實行嚴(yán)格的邊境管制柑蛇。就算是最理智的選民，也不能容忍自己的國家陷入混亂；政府必須要制定并執(zhí)行法律法規(guī)來治理入鏡人員贷岸。第二跃闹，有償移民在許多國家已經(jīng)存在了嵌削，但關(guān)鍵在于國家要制定政策來鼓勵和推行這種方式毛好，對于移民來說，較為輕松的門檻能刺激他們更努力地工作苛秕，至少是一段時間內(nèi)能夠享受到福利待遇睛榄。

Third, be creative. Australia’s “points-based” system is often praised, not least by some Brexiteers. It favours migrants who are young, English-speaking and have useful skills. It is quick, transparent and welcoming. At the same time Australia pitilessly excludes anyone who tries to enter without permission. Australians mostly support this system because they feel in charge of it.

第三，創(chuàng)新思路想帅。澳大利亞“積分”政策受到了國內(nèi)外一致好評场靴，不僅僅是一些脫歐支持者。該體系歡迎會說英語并擁有一技之長的年輕人在這里落戶港准，不僅效率很高旨剥、政策透明，還能感受到該國的人文關(guān)懷浅缸，受到移民的青睞轨帜。同時，澳大利亞也會無情的懲治沒有準(zhǔn)入許可就嘗試入境的人員衩椒。推行該政策很重要的一個原因是能讓他們感覺到自己是話事人蚌父。

More market-based systems are also worth trying. Countries could auction visas to the?well-heeled. In addition, for those who cannot yet afford to bid, they could allow more migrants in but apply?surtaxes?to their wages for a period, and transfer the money to citizens. If this is the price of entry, many migrants will choose to pay it. And if voters see an immigration dividend, they may find that new mosque does not bother them as much.

還有一些以市場為基礎(chǔ)的體制也值得一試。國家可以讓富人競拍簽證毛萌，而對于沒有能力投標(biāo)的移民苟弛，可以收取其一段時間的勞務(wù)附加稅，將這一部分稅收用于造福本地市民阁将。如果這是移民的代價膏秫，那么更多人愿意為它買單。從選民的角度來說做盅，但他們看到國家區(qū)別待遇那些移民人員時缤削，新的清真寺就顯得不那么礙眼了。

Fourth, pace matters more than absolute levels. Political resistance to migrants spikes with sudden surges in immigration. In 2015 net immigration to Germany more than doubled to almost 1.2m, leading to a backlash. Yet the share of the population that is foreign-born is 16%, compared with 29% in Australia. This shows that a country with sensible policies can be almost two times as open to migration as Germany without even a hint of the disaster that nativists predict. On the contrary, Australia has a lower homicide rate than Germany, its people live longer and it has not had a recession since 1991. Many Australians grumble about congestion in the cities most popular with migrants, but this is fixable with the taxes those migrants pay.

第四吹榴，速度比絕對水平更重要亭敢。移民高峰的政治阻力必定會帶來人數(shù)激增。2015年德國的凈移民數(shù)量翻了一倍图筹，接近120萬帅刀，從而引起了強烈抵制。這個龐大的數(shù)量中國外出生的人只占到了16%婿斥，而澳大利亞這個比例則在29%劝篷。這表明一個國家只要有合理的移民政策，就能夠吸引到德國開放移民政策下接近兩倍的數(shù)量民宿，并且基本不會發(fā)生本土主義者所預(yù)測的災(zāi)難隱患娇妓。除此之外，澳大利亞兇殺率也比德國低活鹰，人們壽命更長哈恰，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長更穩(wěn)定只估，自1991年以來還未發(fā)生過經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退現(xiàn)象。很多澳大利亞抱怨移民加劇了城市交通阻塞的問題着绷，但只要移民稅收到位蛔钙，這一切都迎刃而解。