微信公眾號/今日頭條：淡茶水的日子
Evolving Our Bodies 4
Now, we can't even begin to imagine?what that might look like, but?we're beginning?to get glimpses?of instruments that might take us even that far.
PS:現(xiàn)在讳癌，我們甚至無法開始想象那會是什么樣子，但我們開始瞥見可能會帶我們走那么遠的儀器。
even甚至专控，連，即使;?甚至更信粮，愈加不傅，還;?甚至可以說旅掂，其實叮趴，實際上;?平滑的;?平的;?平坦的;?變化不大的妻率，均勻的，平穩(wěn)的;?相等的;?均等的;?平;?相等;?變平
begin開始;?啟動;?起始;?開始存在;?起初是;?本來是
imagine想象;?設(shè)想;?誤以為;?胡亂猜想;?猜測;?料想;?認為
might(may的過去時，用于間接引語)可能慕淡，可以;?可能;?可以;?強大力量;?威力
look like看起來與相像或相似;?很可能出現(xiàn)或引起
beginning開頭;?開端;?開始部分;?原始思想;?前兆;?初級階段;?開始;?啟動;?起始;?開始存在;?起初是;?本來是;?begin的現(xiàn)在分詞
glimpses一瞥;?一看;?短暫的感受;?瞥見;?看一眼;?開始領(lǐng)悟;?開始認識到;?glimpse的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
instruments器械;?儀器;?器具;?儀器息尺，儀表;?促成某事的人;?手段;?instrument的復(fù)數(shù)
take攜帶;?拿走;?取走;?運走;?帶去;?引領(lǐng);?使達到携兵，把…推向，把…帶到;?場景徐紧，鏡頭;?收入額;?進項;?看法;?意見
that far那么遠炭懊，到那里為止
And let me give you two examples.?
So this is the wonderful Floyd Romesberg,? and one of the things that Floyd's been doing is he's been playing with the basic chemistry of life.?
PS:這就是精彩的弗洛伊德·羅梅斯伯格侮腹，弗洛伊德一直在做的一件事就是他一直在玩生命的基本化學(xué)
wonderful精彩的;?絕妙的;?令人高興的;?使人愉快的;?令人驚奇的;?令人贊嘆的
Floyd弗洛伊德
one of…之一
things東西;?物;?物件;?物品;?事物;?用品死遭，衣服;?用具;?thing的復(fù)數(shù)
been曾經(jīng)到過;?are的過去分詞;?be的過去分詞
doing所做的事;?發(fā)生的事;?所作所為;?做，干凯旋，辦;?做;?行動;?表現(xiàn);?進展呀潭，進行;?do的現(xiàn)在分詞
playing表現(xiàn)，風格;?演奏;?玩耍;?游戲;?玩樂;?假裝至非，假扮;?捉弄;?戲弄;?play的現(xiàn)在分詞
basic基本的;?基礎(chǔ)的;?最簡單的;?初級的;?初步的;?必需的;?基本需要的;?基礎(chǔ);?基本;?基本原則;?基本原理;?基本規(guī)律;?要素;?基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練
chemistry化學(xué);?物質(zhì)的化學(xué)組成;?兩人間的關(guān)系
So all life on this planet is made in ATCGs, the four letters of DNA.?
PS:所以這個星球上的所有生命都是由四個字母組成的钠署。
all所有;?全部;?全體;?一切;?全部的，整個的;?唯一的事物;?所有的事物;?完全;?很;?十分;?非常;?太;?過分
life生命;?人命;?性命;?人的存活;?生物;?活物
planet行星;?地球
made…制造的;?制作…的;?制造;?做;?組裝;?寫;?出產(chǎn);?制訂;?鋪床;?make的過去分詞和過去式
four四;?四個;?第四四的;?四個一組之物
letters信;?函;?字母;?校運動隊字母標志;?用字母標明;?把字母印刷于;?領(lǐng)取到學(xué)校運動隊布制字母標志;?letter的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
DNA脫氧核糖核酸
All bacteria, all plants, all animals, all humans, all cows, everything else.?
And what Floyd did is he changed out two of those base pairs, so it's ATXY.?
PS:而弗洛伊德所做的是荒椭，他改變了其中的兩個堿基對谐鼎，所以這是阿茲。
And和;?與;?同;?又;?而;?加;?加上;?然后;?接著
what什么;?…的事物;?無論什么;?凡是…的事物;?多么;?真;?太
Floyd弗洛伊德
out出來;?不在家;?不在工作地點;?外出;?出去;?離開邊緣;?回避的方法;?托詞;?出路;?揭露趣惠，公布
two二
those用來對已經(jīng)提及的事物作補充說明;?人們;人;?那些;?用于提供更多的細節(jié)狸棍、信息
base根基;?基底;?底座;?根據(jù);?出發(fā)點;?來源，源泉味悄，基礎(chǔ);?以…為據(jù)點;?把設(shè)在;?卑鄙的;?不道德的
pairs一雙;?一對;?分兩個相連接部分的物體;?兩個共事的人;?倆;?對;?使成對;?配對;?交配
And that means that you now have a parallel system to make life, to make babies, to reproduce, to evolve, that doesn't mate with most things on Earth or in fact maybe with nothing on Earth.?
PS:這意味著你現(xiàn)在有一個平行的系統(tǒng)來制造生命草戈，制造嬰兒，繁殖侍瑟，進化唐片，這與地球上的大多數(shù)事物都不匹配丙猬，或者事實上可能與地球上的任何事物都不匹配。
And that而且费韭，并且
parallel system并行系統(tǒng)
babies嬰兒;?動物幼崽;?最年幼的成員;?幼稚的人;?孩子氣的人;?嬰兒般對待;?百般呵護;?baby的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
reproduce復(fù)制;?再生產(chǎn);?再制造;?使再次發(fā)生;?再現(xiàn);?繁殖;?生育
evolve逐漸形成茧球，逐步發(fā)展，逐漸演變;?進化;?進化形成
mate with星持；與…交配
in fact事實上抢埋，其實;?準確地說;確切地說
maybe大概，或許督暂，可能;?或許揪垄，也許;?或許
Maybe you make plants that are immune to all bacteria. Maybe you make plants that are immune to all viruses.?
PS:也許你能制造出對所有細菌都免疫的植物。也許你能制造出對所有病毒都免疫的植物损痰。
Maybe大概福侈，或許，可能;?或許卢未，也許;?或許
make制造;?做;?組裝;?寫;?出產(chǎn);?制訂;?鋪床;?品牌肪凛，型號
plants植物;?發(fā)電廠;?工廠;?大型機器，設(shè)備;?栽種;?種植;?播種;?在栽種;?立穩(wěn);?豎立;?安放;?plant的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
immune to對…免疫;?不受…感染
all所有;?全部;?全體;?一切;?全部的辽社，整個的;?唯一的事物;?所有的事物;?完全;?很;?十分;?非常;?太;?過分
bacteria細菌;?bacterium的復(fù)數(shù)
immune有免疫力;?不受影響;?受保護;?免除;?豁免
viruses病毒;?濾過性病毒;?病毒性疾病;?病毒病;?virus的復(fù)數(shù)
But why is that so interesting? It means that we are not a unique solution.?
It means you can create alternate chemistries to us that could be chemistries adaptable to a very different planet that could create life and heredity.
PS:這意味著你可以為我們創(chuàng)造另一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)伟墙，這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以適應(yīng)一個非常不同的星球，可以創(chuàng)造生命和遺傳滴铅。
means方式;?方法;?途徑;?財富;?錢財;?表示…的意思;?意思是;?本意是;?打算;?意欲;?有…的目的;?mean的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
create創(chuàng)造;?創(chuàng)作;?創(chuàng)建;?造成戳葵，引起，產(chǎn)生;?授予;?冊封
alternate交替的;?輪流的;?間隔的;?每隔的;?使交替;?使輪流;?交替;?輪流;?代替者;?代理人;?候補者
chemistries化學(xué);?物質(zhì)的化學(xué)組成;?兩人間的關(guān)系;?chemistry的復(fù)數(shù)
could用于can的過去時;?能汉匙，可以;?能;?把裝罐保存;?讓…卷鋪蓋走人;?炒…的魷魚;?can的過去分詞和過去式
adaptable有適應(yīng)能力的;?能適應(yīng)的
planet行星;?地球
life生命;?人命;?性命;?人的存活;?生物;?活物
heredity遺傳;?遺傳特征
Exercises：
1.What is?Floyd Romesberg known for?
He developed a parallel system to make life.
Fill in the blanks:
Now, we can't even begin to imagine?what that might look like, but?we're beginning?to get glimpses?of instruments that might take us even that far.
The second experiment, or the other implication of this experiment, is that all of you, all life is based on 20 amino acids.?
ps:第二個實驗拱烁，或者這個實驗的另一個含義，是你們所有人噩翠，所有生命都是基于20個氨基酸戏自。
second第二;?居第二位的;?另外的;?外加的;?以第二名;?以第二位;?第二，其次;?秒;?片刻;?瞬間;?支持伤锚，贊成;?附議;?臨時調(diào)派;?短期調(diào)任
experiment實驗;?試驗;?嘗試;?實踐;?做試驗;?進行實驗;?試用
other另外;?其他;?那個擅笔，另一個;?其余的，另外的
implication可能的影響;?含意;?暗指;?牽連屯援，牽涉
all of you你們?nèi)w
all所有;?全部;?全體;?一切;?全部的猛们，整個的;?唯一的事物;?所有的事物;?完全;?很;?十分;?非常;?太;?過分
life生命;?人命;?性命;?人的存活;?生物;?活物
based on以……為基礎(chǔ)；在……基礎(chǔ)上狞洋，以……為依據(jù)
amino acids氨基酸;?amino acid的復(fù)數(shù)
If you don't substitute two amino acids, if you don't say ATXY, if you say ATCG + XY, then you go from 20 building blocks to 172,? and all of a sudden you've got 172 building blocks of amino acids to build life-forms in very different shapes.
ps:如果你不替換兩種氨基酸弯淘，如果你不說a t XY，如果你說ATCG+XY徘铝，那么你從20個構(gòu)建塊變成172個耳胎，突然你就有172個氨基酸構(gòu)建塊來構(gòu)建形狀迥異的生命形式惯吕。
substitute代替者;?代替物;?代用品;?替補;?代替;?取代
amino acids氨基酸;?amino acid的復(fù)數(shù)
you say你說
go from從…處出發(fā)
building blocks積木;?塑料積木;?組成部分;?構(gòu)成要素;?building block的復(fù)數(shù)
and all等等;?甚至包括
've(=value engineering)價值工程學(xué);?同“have”
amino氨基 H2N—
The second experiment to think about is a really weird experiment that's been taking place in China.?
So this guy has been transplanting hundreds of mouse heads. Right??
And why is that an interesting experiment??
Well, think of the first heart transplants.?
One of the things they used to do is they used to bring in the wife or the daughter of the donor , so the donee could tell the doctors, "Do you recognize this person? Do you love this person? Do you feel anything for this person?"?
ps:他們以前做的一件事就是把捐贈者的妻子或女兒帶來惕它，這樣受贈者就可以告訴醫(yī)生怕午，“你認識這個人嗎？你愛這個人嗎淹魄？你對這個人有什么感覺嗎郁惜？”
One of…之一
used to do過去常常做某事
used to曾經(jīng)
bring in推行，采用;?賺得甲锡，掙;?引入;?請來;?邀請
donor捐贈者;?捐贈機構(gòu);?獻血者;?器官捐獻者
donee受贈者兆蕉，受贈人
doctors醫(yī)生;?大夫;?診所;?博士;?篡改;?偽造;?將有害物摻入中;?閹割;?doctor的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)
Do you你愿意嗎
recognize認識;?認出;?辨別出;?承認;?意識到;?認可，接受缤沦，贊成
for this為此
We laugh about that today.?
We laugh because we know the heart is a muscle, but for hundreds of thousands of years, or tens of thousands of years, "I gave her my heart. She took my heart. She broke my heart." We thought this was emotion and we thought maybe emotions were transplanted with the heart. Nope.?
ps:我們笑是因為我們知道心臟是一塊肌肉虎韵，但是幾十萬年，或者幾萬年缸废，“我把我的心給了她包蓝。她奪走了我的心。她傷了我的心企量，“我們認為這是情感测萎，我們認為也許情感是隨心臟移植的。不届巩。
laugh笑;?發(fā)笑;?處于有利地位;?笑聲;?令人開心的時刻;?引人發(fā)笑的事;?笑料;?引人發(fā)笑的人;?逗笑好玩的人
but for倘沒有;?要不是
my heart真我
broke沒錢;?囊中羞澀;?破產(chǎn);?破硅瞧，裂，碎;?弄壞;?損壞;?壞掉;?弄破;?使流血;?break的過去式
emotion強烈的感情;?激情;?情感;?情緒
emotions強烈的感情;?激情;?情感;?情緒;?emotion的復(fù)數(shù)
transplanted移植;?移栽恕汇，移種腕唧，移植;?使遷移;?使移居;?transplant的過去分詞和過去式
Nope不;?不行;?沒有
So how about the brain? Two possible outcomes to this experiment.?
If you can get a mouse that is functional, then you can see, is the new brain a blank slate??
ps:如果你能得到一個功能正常的老鼠，那么你就能看到瘾英，新大腦是一塊白板嗎枣接？
mouse老鼠;?耗子;?鼠標
that is即;?用于糾正之前說過的內(nèi)容
functional實用的;?作用的;?功能的;?機能的;?職能的;?起作用的，工作的方咆，運轉(zhuǎn)的
then當時月腋，那時;?到那時，屆時;?然后;?接著;?其后;?后來;?那么;?因此;?既然如此;?當時的
see看見;?見到;?看出;?看得見;?看;?有視力;?觀看;?主教教區(qū);?主教權(quán)限;?牧座
new剛出現(xiàn)的;?新的;?新近推出的;?新東西;?新事物;?新買的
brain腦;?動物腦髓;?智力;?腦力;?邏輯思維能力;?猛擊…的腦袋致死
blank空白的;?空的;?無圖畫的;?沒表情的;?不理解的;?不感興趣的;?空白處瓣赂，空格;?空白榆骚，遺忘;?空彈;?毫不理睬;?突然忘掉;?突然思路模糊
slate板巖;?石板;?石板瓦;?候選人名單;?批評，抨擊;?預(yù)定;?計劃;?安排;?推舉;?選定
And boy, does that have implications.?
ps:孩子煌集，這有什么意義嗎
boy男孩;?男青年;?年少的兒子;?做某工作的男孩;?伙計;?表示驚奇妓肢、高興、痛苦等
doesdo 的第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時形式
have有;?持有;?占有;?由…組成;?顯示出苫纤，帶有;?與過去分詞連用構(gòu)成完成時
implications可能的影響;?含意;?暗指;?牽連碉钠，牽涉;?implication的復(fù)數(shù)
Second option: the new mouse recognizes Minnie Mouse.?
The new mouse remembers what it's afraid of, remembers how to navigate the maze,? and if that is true, then you can transplant memory and consciousness.?
ps:新的老鼠會記得它害怕什么纲缓，記得如何在迷宮中導(dǎo)航，如果這是真的喊废，那么你可以移植記憶和意識祝高。
mouse老鼠;?耗子;?鼠標
remembers回想起;?記得;?記起;?想起;?記住;?把…牢記在心;?remember的第三人稱單數(shù)
afraid of難;?怕;?害怕;?不敢正視
navigate導(dǎo)航;?確定的位置和方向;?航行;?航海;?橫渡;?找到正確方法
maze迷宮;?紛繁復(fù)雜的規(guī)則;?復(fù)雜難懂的細節(jié);?迷宮圖;?使困惑;?使混亂;?迷失
that is即;?用于糾正之前說過的內(nèi)容
transplant移植;?移栽，移種污筷，移植;?使遷移;?使移居;?移植器官
memory記憶力;?記性;?記憶所及的時期;?回憶所及的范圍;?回憶;?記憶
consciousness清醒狀態(tài);?知覺;?覺察;?感覺;?意識;?觀念;?看法
And then the really interesting question is, if you can transplant this, is the only input-output mechanism this down here??
ps:然后真正有趣的問題是工闺，如果你能移植這個，這里唯一的輸入輸出機制是這個嗎瓣蛀？
And then然后
really事實上陆蟆，真正地，真實地;?確實惋增，的確;?加強形容詞或副詞的語氣
interesting有趣的;?有吸引力的;?使感興趣;?使關(guān)注;?interest的現(xiàn)在分詞
question問題;?疑問;?事情;?議題;?課題;?懷疑;?困惑;?正式提問;?質(zhì)詢;?問;?表示疑問
transplant移植;?移栽叠殷，移種，移植;?使遷移;?使移居;?移植器官
only僅有的;?唯一的;?最好的;?最適當?shù)??只;?只有;?僅;?僅在…情況下;?只不過;?僅…而已;?不過;?但是;?可是
input-output投入產(chǎn)出诈皿；輸入輸出
mechanism機械裝置;?機件;?方法;?機制;?機制林束，構(gòu)造
down向下;?朝下;?在下面;?下;?在較低水平;?下降;?下跌;?向下，往下;?沿著;?順著;?朝著;?貫穿…時間;?遍及…時期;?喝下纫塌，吃下诊县，咽下;?使倒下;?擊倒;?悲哀;?沮喪;?情緒低落;?停機;?停止運行;?絨羽;?絨毛;?軟毛;?汗毛;?進攻分段，10碼進攻(球隊可向前推進10碼持球進攻的四次機會措左。球隊在連續(xù)四次進攻中失球或未能推進10碼即不能繼續(xù))
here在這里依痊，向這里;?現(xiàn)在;?在這一點上;?給某人東西或指出某物時說;?喂，嘿;?主動提議
Or could you transplant that consciousness into something that would be very different,? that would last in space, that would last tens of thousands of years, that would be a completely redesigned body that could hold consciousness for a long, long period of time?
ps:或者你能把這種意識移植到一種非常不同的東西中怎披，這種東西能在太空中持續(xù)胸嘁，能持續(xù)數(shù)萬年，這是一個完全重新設(shè)計的身體凉逛，能保持意識很長很長的時間嗎性宏？
transplant移植;?移栽，移種状飞，移植;?使遷移;?使移居;?移植器官
consciousness清醒狀態(tài);?知覺;?覺察;?感覺;?意識;?觀念;?看法
something某事;?某物;?想來重要的事物;?大致毫胜，左右;?很，非常
in space宇宙中诬辈；空中
completely徹底地;?完全地;?完整地
redesigned重新設(shè)計;?redesign的過去分詞和過去式
hold拿著;?抓住;?抱住;?托住;?捂住酵使，按住;?使保持;?抓;?握;?拿;?支撐;?持;?抱;
And let's come back to the first question: why would you ever want to do that??
Well, I'll tell you why.?
Because this is the ultimate selfie.
ps:因為這是終極的自拍。
Because因為
ultimate最后的;?最終的;?終極的;?極端的;?最好的;?根本的;?基本的;?基礎(chǔ)性的;?最好的事物;?極品;?精華
selfie自拍
This is taken from six billion miles away, and that's Earth.?
And that's all of us. And if that little thing goes, all of humanity goes.?
And the reason you want to alter the human body is because you eventually want a picture that says, that's us, and that's us, and that's us, because that's the way humanity survives long-term extinction.?
ps:而你想要改變?nèi)梭w的原因是因為你最終想要一張照片焙糟，上面寫著口渔，那就是我們，那就是我們穿撮，那就是我們缺脉，因為這是人類在長期滅絕中生存的方式痪欲。
want to應(yīng)該
alter改變，更改攻礼，改動;?修改
and that而且业踢，并且
because that因為，由于
humanity人;?人類;?人性;?人道;?仁慈
survives生存;?存活;?繼續(xù)存在;?幸存;?幸免于難;?艱難度過;?比…活的時間長;?survive的第三人稱單數(shù)
long-term長期的;?長遠的;?長期有效的;?近期不大可能改變的;?不大可能很快解決的
extinction滅絕秘蛔，絕種陨亡，消亡
And that's the reason why?it turns out it's actually unethical?not to evolve the human body even though it can be scary, even though it can be challenging, but it's what's going to allow?us to explore, live, and get to places we can't even dream of today, but which our great-great-great-great- grandchildren might someday.
ps:這就是為什么事實證明傍衡，不進化人體是不道德的深员，即使它可能是可怕的，即使它可能是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的蛙埂，但它將允許我們探索倦畅，生活，并到達我們今天甚至做夢都想不到的地方绣的，但我們的曾曾曾曾孫有一天可能會這樣叠赐。
And that而且，并且
unethical不道德的
evolve逐漸形成屡江，逐步發(fā)展芭概，逐漸演變;?進化;?進化形成
even though即使;?盡管;?縱然
get to開始;?到達，抵達;?抓壮图巍罢洲；接觸，和…取得聯(lián)系
dream of夢見;?夢想文黎，渴望;?考慮惹苗，會做得出
grandchildren孫子;?孫女;?grandchild的復(fù)數(shù)
someday某一天;有朝一日
Thank you very much.
Exercises：
1.Why does?Enriquez think transplanting?consciousness is important?
?It could?facilitate long-term space?travel.
2.According to Enriquez?why is an ethical?to modify the human body?
?It's essential for the survival of the human species.
3.According to Enriques, if a transplanted mouse head keeps its memory...
scientists might be able to transplant?consciousness.
4.what's the purpose of transplanting mouse's heads?
to see if they will keep their memory.
Put the sentences into correct order:
Well, think of the first heart transplants. One of the things they used to do is they used to bring in the wife or the daughter of the donor , so the donee could tell the doctors, "Do you recognize this person? Do you love this person? Do you feel anything for this person?" We laugh about that today. We laugh because we know the heart is a muscle, but for hundreds of thousands of years, or tens of thousands of years, "I gave her my heart. She took my heart. She broke my heart." We thought this was emotion and we thought maybe emotions were transplanted with the heart.
Fill in the blanks:
And that's the reason why?it turns out it's actually unethical?not to evolve the human body even though?it can be scary, even though it can be challenging, but it's what's going to allow?us to explore, live, and get to places we can't even dream of today.
Read and repeat the sentences:
1.By changing our DNA, we can create?chemistries?that are adaptable to different planets.
2.If humans?are to survive long-term?extinction, they will need to live beyond the Earth.
3.It means you can create alternate chemistries to us that could be chemistries adaptable to a very different planet that could create life and heredity.
4.he believes that while it may be scary, we need to modify the human body in order to survive.
5.Floyd's been doing is he's been playing with the basic chemistry of life.
6.Those are the order of magnitude of changes you're talking about.
7.Why would we really want to alter the human body in a fundamental way?
8.Maybe you make those organs more efficient to filter out stuff that you don't want in your body.?
prosthetics have evolved further to become not just nice to have but essential to have.
作者：羲之大鵝video
鏈接：http://www.reibang.com/p/f121ae7efdbb
來源：簡書
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