EOS Dawn 4.0 發(fā)布了盒使。崩掘。。一段時間了少办，因為項目忙的原因苞慢，4.0一直沒有細(xì)細(xì)研究，不過英妓，稍微看了一下挽放，感覺系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜了好多；比如RAM購買問題鞋拟，創(chuàng)建賬戶也需要購買RAM骂维，所有之前的net、cpu操作都實裝了贺纲，mongodb插件暫不支持航闺，貌似要用sqlite了？大部分基礎(chǔ)操作都是eosio.system來實現(xiàn)等等猴誊。稍微說說吧潦刃；
先說下，RAM問題
開發(fā)智能合約知道懈叹，智能合約的數(shù)據(jù)都是存儲在內(nèi)存當(dāng)中乖杠，比如eth，我們討論的時候澄成，總在擔(dān)心胧洒，等著合約不斷壯大畏吓，eth節(jié)點的內(nèi)存肯定要爆吧。所以卫漫，EOS給了一個解決方案：買菲饼！
至于EOS內(nèi)存的詳細(xì)信息，見文章 【IMEOS 解讀】EOS DAWN 4.0 的 RAM 究竟是什么;
開始啟動--準(zhǔn)備工作
- 下載最新的EOS源碼列赎，或是docker宏悦、或者直接nodeos就不說了；
主要說下注意事項：
-
account_history_api_plugin插件修改為history_api_plugin包吝； -
mongo_db_plugin插件暫不支持饼煞，請關(guān)閉； -
db_size_api_plugin應(yīng)該是關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)庫方面的rpc接口诗越，后續(xù)研究砖瞧；
然后正常啟動就行：
./nodeos --config-dir=./data-dir --resync
用cleos看看信息：
$ cleos get info
{
"server_version": "e4980b1e",
"head_block_num": 10,
"last_irreversible_block_num": 9,
"last_irreversible_block_id": "00000009fefac3ab442288d54ee1e6275aeb21f405ac69cfa8ab72602d7fda42",
"head_block_id": "0000000a0b28b457d18df5d56fa37b81d390003167ee3b236e3cd8ae104fdfd0",
"head_block_time": "2018-05-18T03:15:47",
"head_block_producer": "eosio",
"virtual_block_cpu_limit": 105700244,
"virtual_block_net_limit": 1058054,
"block_cpu_limit": 104857500,
"block_net_limit": 1048576
}
- 不用像3.0一樣，需要自己部署
eosio.bios嚷狞，eosio本身已經(jīng)部署bios合約芭届。
我們最先要部署的是eosio.token，因為之后所有操作感耙，都要有RAM褂乍，要有RAM先要用EOS買，所以即硼，我們最先要部署token逃片；
(PS:創(chuàng)建錢包的操作和之前一樣，不在贅述只酥；)
// 創(chuàng)建eosio.token賬戶
$ cleos create account eosio eosio.token EOS51qH8V3aDwaAfsPMoytkb625KukS2z1mXzJRJJsyTMoNtuMMvx EOS51qH8V3aDwaAfsPMoytkb625KukS2z1mXzJRJJsyTMoNtuMMvx
executed transaction: cc2dc7bd267d2aa5644f7742a2c2b88f3316b2559b2361b76983c1c41f0966eb 288 bytes 771 us
# eosio <= eosio::newaccount {"creator":"eosio","name":"eosio.token","owner":{"threshold":1,"keys":[{"key":"EOS51qH8V3aDwaAfsPMoy...
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
//部署token合約
$ cleos set contract eosio.token eosio.token -p eosio.token
Reading WAST/WASM from eosio.token/eosio.token.wasm...
Using already assembled WASM...
Publishing contract...
executed transaction: 204d24a3c552b93c5bb9f7b4dcd1b6a654b36d43d3451f8b628d52efdee0c3f0 8112 bytes 1412 us
# eosio <= eosio::setcode {"account":"eosio.token","vmtype":0,"vmversion":0,"code":"0061736d01000000017f1560037f7e7f0060057f7e...
# eosio <= eosio::setabi {"account":"eosio.token","abi":{"types":[],"structs":[{"name":"transfer","base":"","fields":[{"name"...
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
部署好eosio.token合約之后褥实，創(chuàng)建EOS幣，并發(fā)行給eosio賬戶：
//創(chuàng)建EOS
$ cleos push action eosio.token create '["eosio","1000000000.0000 EOS",0,0,0]' -p eosio.token
executed transaction: 1098b558beaa54427a070356f5495e5503f1f7ac71ca944272bf147a1c7fd22a 208 bytes 1088 us
# eosio.token <= eosio.token::create {"issuer":"eosio","maximum_supply":"1000000000.0000 EOS"}
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
//發(fā)行EOS
$ cleos push action eosio.token issue '["eosio","1000000000.0000 EOS","issue"]' -p eosio
executed transaction: e2c5c12f9db8fa07f801f5cea406df973bff0f8c6c00d148269a67050a027557 216 bytes 1589 us
# eosio.token <= eosio.token::issue {"to":"eosio","quantity":"1000000000.0000 EOS","memo":"issue"}
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
部署系統(tǒng)合約
Dawn 4.0主要就是完善了系統(tǒng)合約eosio.system裂允，并且系統(tǒng)合約的相關(guān)操作损离，也都添加到了cleos工具中 (并沒有添加RPC接口，反正都是action)绝编；
部署系統(tǒng)合約：
cleos set contract eosio eosio.system -p eosio -x 1000
執(zhí)行的時候僻澎，不設(shè)置-x屬性的話，假如部署的機(jī)器不是太好的話十饥，可能會執(zhí)行失敗窟勃，比如下面的錯誤；
Reading WAST/WASM from eosio.system/eosio.system.wasm...
Using already assembled WASM...
Publishing contract...
Error 3080006: transaction took too long
Error Details:
deadline exceeded
已經(jīng)部署成功逗堵，咱們來看看system合約的主要功能秉氧，該列表是cleos system命令下的，當(dāng)然也可以看eosio.system.abi蜒秤，略有不同：
newaccount 創(chuàng)建新賬戶汁咏、同時購買RAM亚斋、抵押獲取帶寬
regproducer 注冊新的生產(chǎn)者
unregprod 注銷一個生產(chǎn)者
voteproducer 為生產(chǎn)者投票
listproducers 列舉生產(chǎn)者
delegatebw 抵押EOS獲取net和cpu
undelegatebw 解押EOS
buyram 購買內(nèi)存
sellram 售賣內(nèi)存
claimrewards 索要生產(chǎn)者獎勵？
regproxy 注冊一個代理賬戶 (用于投票)
unregproxy 注銷代理賬戶 (用于投票)
canceldelay 取消一個延遲的交易
今天我只講述其中幾個功能攘滩；
1. newaccount
其實伞访，咱們已經(jīng)有create account，為啥還要在system添加這個功能呢轰驳？首先，在我們部署eosio.token和eosio.system之前弟灼，我們是能用cleos create account注冊一個賬戶级解，注冊之后有啥呢：
privileged: false
permissions:
owner 1: 1 EOS51qH8V3aDwaAfsPMoytkb625KukS2z1mXzJRJJsyTMoNtuMMvx
active 1: 1 EOS51qH8V3aDwaAfsPMoytkb625KukS2z1mXzJRJJsyTMoNtuMMvx
memory:
quota: -1 bytes used: 187.5 Kb
net bandwidth: (averaged over 3 days)
used: -1 bytes
available: -1 bytes
limit: -1 bytes
cpu bandwidth: (averaged over 3 days)
used: -1 us
available: -1 us
limit: -1 us
我們可以看到，什么都沒有田绑，其實也就是啥也干不了勤哗。并且，在我們部署完之后兩個合約掩驱，我們就不能用create account注冊賬戶了芒划。因為會提示如下錯誤：
Error 3080001: account using more than allotted RAM usage
Error Details:
account test22 has insufficient ram bytes; needs 2996 has 0
所以，讓我們用system newaccount來創(chuàng)建賬戶：
//設(shè)置參數(shù)：--stake-net 配置帶寬欧穴， --stake-cpu 配置cpu民逼，--buy-ram-EOS 用EOS作為單位購買RAM
$ cleos system newaccount eosio tester EOS5DDSwnRjU434ANktLrqhubHPZ5HwG2zDg5jLgT2DKH5yB6TydN EOS5DDSwnRjU434ANktLrqhubHPZ5HwG2zDg5jLgT2DKH5yB6TydN --stake-net '10.0000 EOS' --stake-cpu '10.0000 EOS' --buy-ram-EOS '10.0000 EOS'
2267308ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"0000000000ea3055000000005c95b1caa08601000000000004454f5300000000"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"buyram","args":{"payer":"eosio","receiver":"tester","quant":"10.0000 EOS"}}
2267310ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"0000000000ea3055000000005c95b1caa08601000000000004454f5300000000a08601000000000004454f530000000000"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"delegatebw","args":{"from":"eosio","receiver":"tester","stake_net_quantity":"10.0000 EOS","stake_cpu_quantity":"10.0000 EOS","transfer":false}}
executed transaction: b9bec89227b541c90d050fca858c89947f7deeb2b2ad355d3af20a2e66e56a16 432 bytes 4880 us
# eosio <= eosio::newaccount {"creator":"eosio","name":"tester","owner":{"threshold":1,"keys":[{"key":"EOS5DDSwnRjU434ANktLrqhubH...
# eosio <= eosio::buyram {"payer":"eosio","receiver":"tester","quant":"10.0000 EOS"}
# eosio <= eosio::delegatebw {"from":"eosio","receiver":"tester","stake_net_quantity":"10.0000 EOS","stake_cpu_quantity":"10.0000...
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
查看下，我們的賬戶tester的信息吧：
privileged: false
permissions:
owner 1: 1 EOS5DDSwnRjU434ANktLrqhubHPZ5HwG2zDg5jLgT2DKH5yB6TydN
active 1: 1 EOS5DDSwnRjU434ANktLrqhubHPZ5HwG2zDg5jLgT2DKH5yB6TydN
memory:
quota: 671.1 Kb used: 2.926 Kb
net bandwidth: (averaged over 3 days)
staked: 0.0000 EOS (total stake delegated from account to self)
delegated: 10.0000 EOS (total staked delegated to account from others)
used: 0 bytes
available: 82.4 Tb
limit: 82.4 Tb
cpu bandwidth: (averaged over 3 days)
staked: 0.0000 EOS (total stake delegated from account to self)
delegated: 10.0000 EOS (total staked delegated to account from others)
used: 0 us
available: 2.517e+06 hr
limit: 2.517e+06 hr
默認(rèn)創(chuàng)建的賬戶涮帘，只有8 KiB (這個單位不用我解釋吧)拼苍，但是，我們購買了10EOS的ram调缨，所以memory現(xiàn)在是671.1KiB疮鲫；
當(dāng)然，這會有很多疑問在這：是不是創(chuàng)建賬戶弦叶，必須要有EOS俊犯？都要購買RAM等等，具體實際的測試結(jié)果伤哺，不在這貼了燕侠，總結(jié)如下：
- 除了
eosio賬戶，用其他賬戶創(chuàng)建的賬戶名長度必須為12（和BM在發(fā)布4.0時立莉，說的一致）贬循； - 創(chuàng)建賬戶的時候，用于購買新用戶的帶寬桃序、CPU和ram的錢杖虾，都是創(chuàng)建者來出；
- 從目前測試鏈上媒熊，創(chuàng)建一個新賬戶奇适，至少需要0.0449EOS坟比，即：
- 0.0001 EOS 的 net bandwidth ------ 432 Mb；
- 0.0001 EOS 的 cpu bandwidth ------- 12.58 hr嚷往；
- 0.00447 EOS 的 RAM -------- 3 KiB葛账； 創(chuàng)建賬戶之后，即立刻占用 2.926 KiB
至于皮仁，在eosio創(chuàng)建賬戶的時候不限制長度籍琳，是因為eosio是合約賬戶，還是因為是生產(chǎn)者節(jié)點贷祈，需要看看合約源碼再說趋急；
4. RAM
買賣RAM，這個實際操作比較簡單势誊，即兩個操作buyram呜达，sellram；
購買ram：
$ cleos system buyram tester tester '10.0000 EOS'
1836455ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"000000005c95b1ca000000005c95b1caa08601000000000004454f5300000000"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"buyram","args":{"payer":"tester","receiver":"tester","quant":"10.0000 EOS"}}
executed transaction: b53976b770d746c02280e3c17966070c210bf267c11f9f47fb47dae709f0248a 216 bytes 4348 us
# eosio <= eosio::buyram {"payer":"tester","receiver":"tester","quant":"10.0000 EOS"}
# eosio.token <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"tester","to":"eosio","quantity":"10.0000 EOS","memo":"buy ram"}
# tester <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"tester","to":"eosio","quantity":"10.0000 EOS","memo":"buy ram"}
# eosio <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"tester","to":"eosio","quantity":"10.0000 EOS","memo":"buy ram"}
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
然后通過get account 就能看到已經(jīng)購買到的ram粟耻；
售賣ram：
//售賣的單位是 B查近，下面是賣了1KiB的ram
$ cleos system sellram tester 1024
2290501ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"000000005c95b1ca0004000000000000"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"sellram","args":{"account":"tester","bytes":1024}}
executed transaction: 323929d8c6dcb690212625ab8b36f79b2a530ff8f4e7d541c5de2818351efba3 200 bytes 1621 us
# eosio <= eosio::sellram {"account":"tester","bytes":1024}
# eosio.token <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"eosio","to":"tester","quantity":"0.0149 EOS","memo":"sell ram"}
# eosio <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"eosio","to":"tester","quantity":"0.0149 EOS","memo":"sell ram"}
# tester <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"eosio","to":"tester","quantity":"0.0149 EOS","memo":"sell ram"}
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
在自己的測試網(wǎng)中可以看到，暫時的ram價格是 1KiB = 0.0149 EOS
3. producer & delegatebw
用于注冊為生產(chǎn)者挤忙，任何賬戶都可注冊：
$ cleos system regproducer tester EOS82ym9meArJMWubVnT4vFGTCDJrBFjj3hXtJ9h5oqUCzcGAD4LK
1132753ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"0000000038b5a66900039e5d8be071e86b1b5968911703c6f4cf3819bec41dd8da6551b8682bf01ef71c000000"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"regproducer","args":{"producer":"tester","producer_key":"EOS82ym9meArJMWubVnT4vFGTCDJrBFjj3hXtJ9h5oqUCzcGAD4LK","url":"","location":0}}
executed transaction: ba4b8216247d4b954677cd3b991078202d9b6872d0b86940bfaae5e58f01a4bf 232 bytes 997 us
# eosio <= eosio::regproducer {"producer":"tester","producer_key":"EOS82ym9meArJMWubVnT4vFGTCDJrBFjj3hXtJ9h5oqUCzcGAD4LK","url":""...
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
注冊之后霜威，可以通過listproducers查看：
$ cleos system listproducers
Producer Producer key Url Total votes
tester EOS82ym9meArJMWubVnT4vFGTCDJrBFjj3hXtJ9h5oqUCzcGAD4LK 0.00000000000000000
之后，用戶就可以為生產(chǎn)者進(jìn)行投票了册烈，在講解投票之前呢侥祭，需要先說明另一個方法，delegatebw茄厘；也就是抵押EOS以獲取net和cpu矮冬；
$ cleos system delegatebw tester1 tester1 '100000000.0000 EOS' '50000000.0000 EOS'
1623538ms thread-0 main.cpp:999 operator() ] act_payload: {"from":"tester1","receiver":"tester1","stake_net_quantity":"100000000.0000 EOS","stake_cpu_quantity":"50000000.0000 EOS","transfer":false}
1623540ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"000000005c95b1ca000000005c95b1ca0010a5d4e800000004454f53000000000088526a7400000004454f530000000000"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"delegatebw","args":{"from":"tester1","receiver":"tester1","stake_net_quantity":"100000000.0000 EOS","stake_cpu_quantity":"50000000.0000 EOS","transfer":false}}
executed transaction: 95e2d036175c2275385824bf4a26c83072cee1d24e9d96cfa0881bdcd0c8e1ae 232 bytes 2988 us
# eosio <= eosio::delegatebw {"from":"tester1","receiver":"tester1","stake_net_quantity":"100000000.0000 EOS","stake_cpu_quantity":...
>> last_vote_weight: 6.132311161639800e+26
# eosio.token <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"tester1","to":"eosio","quantity":"150000000.0000 EOS","memo":"stake bandwidth"}
# tester <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"tester1","to":"eosio","quantity":"150000000.0000 EOS","memo":"stake bandwidth"}
# eosio <= eosio.token::transfer {"from":"tester1","to":"eosio","quantity":"150000000.0000 EOS","memo":"stake bandwidth"}
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
我們可以看到，抵押的EOS都是直接轉(zhuǎn)賬給eosio次哈，然后我們就能獲取響應(yīng)的net和cpu胎署；
用戶已經(jīng)抵押了EOS，這時候在對生產(chǎn)者投票窑滞，才會有比較重要的的票數(shù)琼牧；
使用voteproducer進(jìn)行投票：
$ cleos system voteproducer prods tester hanfei
1335693ms thread-0 main.cpp:418 create_action ] result: {"binargs":"000000005c95b1ca0000000000000000010000000038b5a669"} arg: {"code":"eosio","action":"voteproducer","args":{"voter":"tester","proxy":"","producers":["hanfei"]}}
executed transaction: 164e74017ff8a027b1f00514dec8524a0bfb257201a335d4901b20e881f037b8 208 bytes 3464 us
# eosio <= eosio::voteproducer {"voter":"tester","proxy":"","producers":["hanfei"]}
>> last_vote_weight: 0.000000000000000e+00
warning: transaction executed locally, but may not be confirmed by the network yet
先這么多，之后在繼續(xù)哀卫；
還有很多問題待解決巨坊，比如：
- 投票的權(quán)重；
- 注冊生產(chǎn)者到多少票此改，才能夠場成為實際的BP趾撵；
- 投票給生產(chǎn)者的賬戶，如何獲取收益等等共啃；
