introduction?

throughout the decades and even centuries, technology has undoubtedly enabled the development of retail banking.

Historical patterns of technology?

main events?

main body

1.the rise of technology in retail banking

the catalyst for all major innovations in retail banking has been the industrial revolutions and the underlying technologies that gave rise to them. The financial sector has had to continually adapt and change in response to the external environment.

industry upscale and produce goods on mass production

第一二次工業(yè)革命限书，personal wealth 增加锥涕，demand for the early stages of personal banking.

第三第四次工業(yè)革命

changes in the way that customers access their banking services

historically, the traditional banks have been perhaps too insular as they endeavor to address and resolve historical technology technology-based legacy problems of the past and are arguably ill-prepared for the impending competitive storm that lies ahead.

retail bank ,more customer-centric. e.g. Barclays ,客戶可以控制自己銀行卡每日的提現(xiàn)限額凡简，控制遠程支付的功能拥娄，意思是自己主動進行風險管理

新潮流：share data and authorize other external parties to have access to personal data

銀行搭建自己的technology platforms

dedicated private cloud搭建私有云

a full range of services and products via mobile app and website.

openbank——a cloud-based IT platform

2.the drivers of technological change?

customer driven?

experiencing customer-led revolution

customer grasp new tech, be able to interact with banks at any time.

有4G牢贸，不用到處找wifi，真正立刻獲得自己的信息

RBS和小紫的“get cash”服務登下，緊急需要用現(xiàn)金娶视，無卡用4位碼取現(xiàn)。以前是小眾服務购啄，現(xiàn)在變成核心服務了

bank driven

tech inno harness by bank

omni-channel?

enable customer move seamlessly between traditional and new entrants.

3.who benefits and who loses from technological change?

what does the future hold?

過去競爭：IR on loans and saving?

現(xiàn)在競爭：best app,video banking service

通過social media襟企，傳統(tǒng)銀行有機會去redress public perception of them

cost of developing technology

how banks can recoup their costs

carries risk but reward of being first to market

還是follow ,copy, acquire

banks need to determine whether the implementation of technology forms part of the marketing mix and is a channel that customers can have access to as a part of an omni-channel strategy and according should be covered from an additional degree of margin which forms part of the net interest margin that is charged,so that investment costs can be recovered,or whether the technology forms part of a distinct and discrete offering that needs to be accommodated within the pricing pf a specific product or service for which a fee may be charged.

這段巨長的話。狮含。顽悼。=v=寫的太好了

4.Is all technological change positive?

to what degree does new tech make the live of people simpler and more efficient?

key technological changes and how they impact customers

open APIs,讓客戶在金融行業(yè)內分享個人信息，在已有的信息基礎上几迄，識別最好的金融服務提供方蔚龙。

帶來了open banking environment

一篇參考文獻“Data sharing and open data for banks”

customers need to be really sure that they want to authorize this (指的是一旦用戶同意與第三方分享個人信息，就沒辦法收回了)to happen before giving their permission.

traditional banks remain in "slow adoption" mode for open banking-perferring .

they have the additional regulatory requirement to ring-fence their retail banking operations as separate legal entities from the perceived riskier corporate businesses.

美國的Dave app,每月收0.99刀

key technological changes and how they impact operations

technology focuses upon simplifying operations and reducing internal costs of the business to seek out better ways of delivering retail banking services in the future.

巴克萊的Rise London innovation center

桑坦德200m刀InnoVentures venture capital?

HSBC 2.1bn刀 in digital transformation of retail banking, wealth management and commercial banking 2015-2020.包括電子簽名e-signatures and document upload services文件上傳服務

simplifying the customer experience and enabling straight-through processing.

Nationwide 外包給CapGemini了映胁，upgrade retail operations network to drive digital transformation strategy and to realize efficiencies and introduce customer-facing and back-office technologies.

TSB iris-scanning tech和三星合作的

5.what banking can learn from other sectors

retail branch/store design?

麥麥家餐廳設計

optimizing the operational logistics of managing a 21世紀銀行

ease of purchase

亞馬遜的一鍵下單

built app in an intuitive fashion that enable customers to browse a huge marketplace of products,select an item and execute payment with a swipe and a mere depression of customers fingerprint on smartphone.

傳統(tǒng)銀行木羹，red tape,效率差

knowing your customer

Ritz-Carlton 連鎖酒店

識別客戶群體，回頭客解孙，了解客戶的喜好

how other industries have shaped banking

PayPal and Apple Pay

simplify and speed up the process of making and receiving payment for goods and services

other external environmental factors

regulation

changes in the political landscape and social pressures?

separation of the riskier wholesale businesses from the less-risky retail operations ,減少大銀行間的競爭坑填。

this is due to the inability of the previously larger organization to effectively purchase market share by funding its purchase via loss-leading products elsewhere in the organization.

regu remove 行業(yè)進入障礙，給牌照弛姜，降低資本金要求穷遂，2013BOE干的

PSD2,Open Banking 傳統(tǒng)銀行失去了信息優(yōu)勢

Atom銀行，三分之二英國人不愿意把自己的信息和第三方分享

political?

脫歐娱据，硬脫歐（災難），還是軟脫歐

搬走大本營

Atom拿了30m刀融資

social

customer trust史上最低all-time low

tech failures

bankers' bonuses have fuelled the pubic perception of a corrupt and self-centered industry

傳統(tǒng)銀行此時容易被新進入者威脅