刻意練習(xí)磺芭，教會“平庸”的你如何走向卓越赁炎！
8月讀的書是PEAK: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise，中文翻譯成《刻意練習(xí)：如何從新手到大師》钾腺。從中文的書名徙垫，刻意清楚地看出這本書敘述的方法是刻意練習(xí)——deliberate practice。
這本書除去導(dǎo)言部分放棒，一共有9章姻报。
第一章是The Power of Purposeful Practice：為正式引入deliberate practice做了鋪墊。
首先定義了Purposeful practice is all about putting a bunch of baby steps together to reach a longer-term goal.
Purposeful Practice有以下幾個特點：
Purposeful practice is focused.
Purposeful practice involves feedback.
Purposeful practice requires getting out of one’s comfort zone.
從這里间螟，我們多少已經(jīng)可以嗅到"刻意練習(xí)"的味道吴旋。這章將天真練習(xí)和有目的的練習(xí)進行對比，使我意識到我之前進行的練習(xí)大多數(shù)是天真練習(xí)厢破，大多不帶有目的荣瑟。讀了這部分，讓我追悔莫及摩泪，浪費了那么多時間做無用功笆焰。
第二章是Harnessing Adaptability：這為刻意練習(xí)提供了腦科學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ)
Just as we do exercise to be muscular,?
so we can work our brains to improve? brains' structures and functions.?
How to work our brains??
Deliberate practice!
這部分的內(nèi)容給予我信心。它告訴我們刻意練習(xí)是有科學(xué)依據(jù)支撐的加勤。我們通過練習(xí)會改變大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)仙辟。
第三章是Mental Representations：與deliberate practice相互作用
Mental representation is a mental structure that corresponds to an object, an idea, a collection of information, or anything else, concrete or abstract, that the brain is thinking about.
Deliberate practice creates mental representation and the mental representation produced by? the deliberate practice has significant impact on the process and results of deliberate practice.
Mental Representations也就是心理表征，它類似于我們所說的“經(jīng)驗”鳄梅。對于它和刻意練習(xí)的關(guān)系我深表認同叠国。就拿學(xué)生平常做的練習(xí)題來說，我們做這些題并不是為了在考試中遇到一模一樣的題戴尸，而是建立起這個知識點的Mental Representations粟焊。
第四章是The Gold Standard：正式介紹“刻意練習(xí)”
Deliberate practice develops skills that other people have already figured out how to do and for which effective training techniques have been established.
Deliberate practice takes place outside one’s comfort zone and requires a student to constantly try things that are just beyond his or her current abilities.
Deliberate practice involves well-defined, specific goals and often involves improving some aspect of the target performance; it is not aimed at some vague overall improvement.
Deliberate practice is deliberate, that is, it requires a person’s full attention and conscious actions.
Deliberate practice involves feedback and modification of efforts in response to that feedback.
Deliberate practice both produces and depends on effective mental representations.
Deliberate practice nearly always involves building or modifying previously acquired skills by?focusing on particular aspects of those skills and working to improve them specifically; over time this step-by-step improvement will eventually lead to expert performance.
以上是刻意練習(xí)的幾個基本要點，當(dāng)我們要開展一項練習(xí)時孙蒙，可以對照著以上幾個點核對一下项棠。
第五章和第六章Principles of Deliberate Practice on the Job/in Everyday Life：講述了刻意練習(xí)在工作與生活中的應(yīng)用
Focus（專注）、Feedback（反饋）挎峦、Fix it（修正）
用這三個詞就可以很好地概括如何在工作學(xué)習(xí)和生活中運用刻意練習(xí)香追。首先就是要專注，對于練習(xí)要專注坦胶，之后對于練習(xí)的結(jié)果進行即時的反饋透典。反饋這點非常的重要，我們在日常的學(xué)習(xí)中就缺少反饋顿苇，對于反饋的方式也可以是多種的峭咒。針對反饋的結(jié)果，再對練習(xí)進行修正纪岁。
第七章是The Road to Extraordinary：刻意練習(xí)可以讓我們走向卓越
STARTING OUT
BECOMING SERIOUS
COMMITMENT
PATHBREAKERS
這四個階段是按實施的先后順序安排的凑队。我們想要真正練就一項技能，少不了經(jīng)歷這幾個階段幔翰。我比較有感悟的最后一個階段PATHBREAKERS漩氨，我覺得這是我們不斷hone our skills的動力。
第八章講的是But What About Natural Talent：刻意練習(xí)練就“天才”
從長遠來看遗增，占上風(fēng)的是那些練習(xí)更勤奮的人才菠，而不是那些一開始在智商或其它才華方面稍有優(yōu)勢的人。
我覺得這章給我們這些資質(zhì)平平的人一些信心：天資在成為“天才”的道路上的作用不具有決定性贡定，甚至作用很小赋访。
第九章講的是Where Do We Go from Here：刻意練習(xí)的意義
You can take charge of your own potential！Please practice more缓待！
當(dāng)今的社會是一個知識快速更新的社會蚓耽，隨之，我們需要掌握的技能也就越來越多旋炒。而刻意學(xué)習(xí)的方法無疑給我們提供了信心步悠。這個方法幾乎可以應(yīng)用在所有我們所以要學(xué)習(xí)的領(lǐng)域。
然后瘫镇，分享一下閱讀這本書的時候?qū)W到的有用的表達：
1. hone：to make something perfect or completely suitable for its purpose磨練鼎兽，磨礪答姥；訓(xùn)練finely honed(=extremely well-developed) intuition極度發(fā)達的直覺
2. in a nutshell：used when you are stating the main facts about something in a short, clear way一言以蔽之，簡括地說谚咬，用一句話概括
3. pep talk: a short speech intended to encourage someone to work harder, win a game etc鼓舞士氣的講話鹦付，激勵性講話
4. Draw:the final result of a game or competition in which both teams or players have the same number of points平局，和局
5. Rekindle:to make someone have a particular feeling, thought etc again重新激起择卦，重新喚起
6. reminiscent: reminiscent of sth?reminding you of something使人想起某事的
7. virtuous circle：a series of events in which each one seems to increase the good effects of the previous one 良性循環(huán)
vicious circle：a situation in which one problem causes another problem, that then causes the first problem again, so that the whole process continues to be repeated? 惡性循環(huán)
8. boil down to：informal if a long statement, argument etc boils down to a single statement, that statement is the main point or cause要點是某事敲长，歸結(jié)為某事
9. be in full swing:if an event or process is in full swing, it has reached its highest level of activity正在熱烈進行中，正酣時
10. full-fledged：completely developed, trained, or established 全面發(fā)展的; 經(jīng)過全面訓(xùn)練的; 成熟的
11. brush up on：to practise and improve your skills or your knowledge of something that you learned in the past溫習(xí)秉继，復(fù)習(xí)
12. flip side:the bad effects of something that also has good effects負面祈噪，反面
13. breeze through：to achieve something very easily輕松完成; 輕松通過
14. kick in：informal to start or to begin to have an effect開始見效; 開始運作
15. plug into：to realize that something is available to be used and use it意識到可以利用
最后，非常高興能與大家順利完成這個月的閱讀尚辑！
