幾乎與莎士比亞同一時期渠概,英國一批年輕才俊組成了一個名叫“University Wits”的組織,致力于戲劇和詩歌的創(chuàng)作匿辩。他們不是畢業(yè)于劍橋鸡典,就是畢業(yè)于牛津源请,是一個實實在在的天才團(tuán)體。但不幸的是,天妒英才谁尸,他們幾乎都英年早逝舅踪,Christopher Marlowe活了29歲,Thomas Nashe活了33歲症汹,George Peele 30歲硫朦,Robert Greene 32歲贷腕。雖然帶著遺憾背镇,但他們的詩歌卻散發(fā)著文藝復(fù)興年輕人的活力,表達(dá)著他們的追求泽裳。
克里斯托弗?馬洛(Christopher Marlowe)不論在戲劇好還是詩歌中都能體現(xiàn)他人文主義氣吞山河的氣概瞒斩。他的代表作當(dāng)屬戲劇《浮士德博士的悲劇》(The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus),這部戲劇引起了一股“浮士德”的熱潮涮总。他的死也眾說紛紜胸囱,一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為他們團(tuán)體中的Thomas Kyd背叛了他,告知政府馬洛宣揚無神論瀑梗,最終被政府暗殺烹笔。
馬洛最著名的詩篇是“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”,譯者眾多抛丽,于是我們將從他另外兩首詩來了解他谤职。
Who Ever Loved, That Loved Not at First Sight?
It lies not in our power to love, or to hate,
For will in us is over-ruled by fate.
When two are stript long ere the course begin,
We wish that one should lose, the other win.
And one especially doo we affect,
Of two gold ingots like in each respect,
The reason no man knows, let it suffise,
What we behold is censur’d by our eyes.
Where both deliberat, the love is slight,
Who ever lov’d, that lov’d not at first sight?
誰曾經(jīng)的愛,不是一見傾心亿鲜?
我們無權(quán)決定愛與恨允蜈,
因為我們的決心服從于命運。
在兩者開始比賽之前蒿柳,
我們就企盼一方失敗一方獲勝饶套。
我們會特別喜歡一塊金錠,
縱使兩塊一模一樣垒探,
無人知曉其中的緣故妓蛮,
就讓我們憑著眼睛來判斷罷。
通過深思熟慮的愛情是脆弱的圾叼,
誰曾經(jīng)的愛蛤克,不是一見傾心?
Nature
Nature that framed us of four elements,
Warring within our breasts for regiment.
Doth teach us all to have aspring minds.
Our souls, whose faculties can comprehend
The wondrous architeculties of the world,
Still climbing sfter knowledge infinite,
And always moving as the restless spheres,
Will us to wear ourselves and never rest,
Until we reach the ripest fruit of all.
自然
自然用四種元素構(gòu)造我們褐奥,
在我們心中交戰(zhàn)以達(dá)到平衡咖耘。
這教會我們擁有昂揚的斗志。
我們的靈魂撬码,有力量理解
整個世界奇妙的構(gòu)造儿倒,
不懈攀登無限的知識高地,
如永不停息轉(zhuǎn)動的星球,
讓我們堅持不輟永不停歇夫否,
直到觸到最熟的果實彻犁。
相比于馬洛,托馬斯?納什(Thomas Nashe)的名氣就小多了凰慈,他主要的成就在諷刺作品和宣傳手冊上汞幢,當(dāng)時他是一位寫小冊子的名家。當(dāng)然他也有漂亮的抒情詩微谓,如“Spring, Sweet Spring”和“Adieu, Farewell, Earth’s Bliss”森篷,其中第二首非常有意思:
Adieu, Farewell, Earth's Bliss
Adieu, farewell, earth’s bliss;
This world uncertain is;
Fond are life’s lustful joys;
Death proves them all but toys;
None from his darts can fly;
I am sick, I must die.
? ?Lord, have mercy on us!
Rich man, trust not in wealth,
Gold cannot buy you health;
Physic himself must fade.
All things to end are made,
The plague full swift goes by;
I am sick, I must die.
? ?Lord, have mercy on us!
Beauty is but a flower
Which wrinkles will devour;
Brightness falls from the air;
Queens have died young and fair;
Dust hath closed Helen’s eye.
I am sick, I must die.
? ?Lord, have mercy on us!
Strength stoops unto the grave,
Worms feed on Hector brave;
Swords may not fight with fate,
Earth still holds ope her gate.
“Come, cornel” the bells do cry.
I am sick, I must die.
? ?Lord, have mercy on us!
Wit with his wantonness
Tasteth death’s bitterness;
Hell’s executioner
Hath on ears for to hear
What vain art can reply.
I am sick, I must die.
? ?Lord, have mercy on us!
Haste, therefore, each degree,
To welcome destiny;
Heaven is our heritage,
Earth but a player’s stage;
Mount we unto the sky.
I am sick, I must die.
? ?Lord, have mercy on us!
此生永訣,人間極樂
此生永訣豺型,人間極樂仲智;
世事總是無常;
人生貪戀的歡喜姻氨;
死亡視之若塵埃钓辆;
無物逃脫死的箭頭;
生老病死肴焊。
主啊前联,賜我以仁慈!
人啊娶眷,莫癡于身外之物似嗤,
千金難換是韶華;
良藥都會成為泥土茂浮。
瘟疫來時如山倒双谆,
萬物終有結(jié)局;
生老病死席揽。
主啊顽馋,賜我以仁慈!
美貌譬如夏花
皺紋使其敗壞幌羞;
光從空中滑落寸谜;
女王早歿而玉殞;
海倫雙目塵封属桦。
生老病死熊痴。
? ? 主啊,賜我以仁慈聂宾!
威力屈服于墓塋果善,
蛆蟲蠶食赫克托的英勇;
利劍無力與命運交鋒系谐,
大地之門敞開著巾陕。
“歸來吧”讨跟,喪鐘哀鳴。
生老病死鄙煤。
? ? 主啊晾匠,賜我以仁慈!
智慧出有放縱妄為
品味死亡的苦味梯刚;
地獄的行刑者
充耳不聞
徒勞無功的辯解凉馆。
生老病死。
? ? 主啊亡资,賜我以仁慈澜共!
因此,萬物快些吧沟于,
來迎接天命咳胃;
天國乃是我們的歸宿植康,
大地只是嬉戲的舞臺旷太;
讓我們爬上去吧。
生老病死销睁。
? ? 主啊供璧,賜我以仁慈!