1.表示時(shí)間的at、on、in的用法區(qū)別
at主要表示:
(1)在某具體時(shí)刻之前,如at seven o’ clock,at 7:30.
(2)在固定短語(yǔ)中,如:at noon,at night,at that time,at the age of at the weekend,at Christmas.
On用來(lái)表示“在……天”,如:On Monday,On May lst,On Children’s Day.
in用來(lái)表示:
(1)在某年废菱、某月、某季節(jié).
(2)在—段時(shí)間之后,如:in two hours,in a few days.
注意:在純粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上時(shí),用in the morning/afternoon/evening,但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介詞on.如:on Monday morning,on the morning of Children’ s Day.
2.表示地點(diǎn)的at,in,on的用法區(qū)別
(1) at通常指小地方,in一般指大地方.
(2) at 所指范圍不太明確,in指“在……里”.
(3) in指在內(nèi)部,on指“在……之上”.
3.表示“一段時(shí)間”的for與since的用法區(qū)別
for后面接時(shí)間段,since之后接時(shí)間點(diǎn).
4.表示時(shí)間的before與by的用法區(qū)別
before與by都可表示“在……之前”,但by含有“不遲于……”崭参、“到……為止”的意思.如果by后是將來(lái)的時(shí)間,則與將來(lái)時(shí)連用,若by后是過(guò)去的時(shí)間,則與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用.
5.over與above(under與below)
over,above都表示“在……的上面”,over表示“正上方”,而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”.above還可表示溫度、水位等“高于”,over還可表示“越過(guò)……”.over的反義詞是under,above的反義詞是below.例如:
There is a bridge over the river
Our plane flew above the clouds.
6.表示“用”的with,by,in的用法
with多指用工具,用身體的部位或器官款咖;by表示使用的方法何暮、手段;in指使用某種語(yǔ)言.如:
We see with our eyes.
We go there by bike.
Please say it out in English.
He cut it open with a knife.
介詞的省略
表示時(shí)間介詞at,on,in 的省略
(1) 在 next,last,this,these,today,yesterday,tomorrow,one,every,each,all等詞前,一般不用 at,in,on.
(2) 在某些名詞詞組前,可以省略(也可不省)如:(on) that day,(in)the year before last
常見搭配
1.動(dòng)詞+介詞,如:
listen to,laugh at,write to,hear from,get to,look at,shout at,shout to,knock at,look for,look at,ask for,wait for,get on,get to,put on,turn on,operate on,take off,turn off,learn from,worry about ...
2.形容詞+介詞,如:
afraid of,full of,angry with,strict with,busy with,good at,good/bad for,late for,sorry for,ready for,famous for,polite to,far from...
3.名詞+介詞 / 介詞+名詞
key to,visit to,at home,in surprise,after class,for ever,on time,at last,at first,for example...