【原文】Ten Principles of Economics 3: Rational People Think at the Margin
【譯文】十大經(jīng)濟學(xué)原理3:邊際分析是理性人的思考方式
【原文】Economists normally assume that people are rational. Rational people systematically and purposefully do the best they can to achieve their objectives, given the available opportunities. As you study economics, you will encounter firms that decide how many workers to hire and how much of their product to manufacture and sell to maximize profits. You will also encounter individuals who decide how much time to spend working and what goods and services to buy with the resulting income to achieve the highest possible level of satisfaction.
【Rational people】理性人。我們這里所說的理性人恨旱,又稱“合乎理性的人”辈毯,“經(jīng)濟人”,是指每一個從事經(jīng)濟活動的人都是利己的搜贤。也可以說谆沃,每一個從事經(jīng)濟活動的人所采取的經(jīng)濟行為都是力圖以自己的最小經(jīng)濟代價去獲得自己最大的經(jīng)濟利益。
“經(jīng)濟人”和“經(jīng)紀人”要嚴格區(qū)分仪芒⊙溆埃“經(jīng)紀人”主要指房地產(chǎn)中介,保險中介掂名,明星經(jīng)紀人等据沈。
理性人會對激勵做出反應(yīng),公交車司機在固定工資和工資與乘客數(shù)量掛鉤下的工作態(tài)度是不同的饺蔑。
亞當·斯密認為锌介,自私可以給社會整體帶來很大的利益。他這樣描述:每個人都會盡其所能猾警,運用自己的資本來爭取最大的利益孔祸。一般而言,他不會意圖為公共服務(wù)发皿,也不自知對社會有什么貢獻崔慧。他關(guān)心的只是自己的安全、自己的利益穴墅。但如此一來惶室,他就好像被一只無形之手引領(lǐng)温自,在不自覺中對社會的改進盡力而為。在一般的情形下拇涤,一個人為求私利而無心對社會做出貢獻捣作,其對社會的貢獻遠比有意圖作出的大。