What is?Mental Representations： can be seen as a conceptual structure designed to sidestep the usual restrictions that short-term memory places on mental processing.
A mental?representation is a mental structure that corresponds to an object, an idea, a collection of information,?or anything else, concrete or abstract, that the brain is thinking about.
Q:?Is there any correlation between mental representations and deliberate practice?
A:?Much of deliberate practice involves developing ever more efficient mental representations that?you can use in whatever activity you are practicing.?
The key change that occurs in our adaptable brains in response to deliberate practice is the development of better mental representations, which in turn open up newpossibilities for improved performance.
Q: What sets expert performers apart from everyone else?
A: The quality and quantity of their mental representations.
Q: How can mental representations help hone our skill孽文？
The relationship between skill and mental representationsis a virtuous circle: the more skilled you become, the better your mental representations are, and the better your mental representations are, the more effectively you can practice to hone your skill.
Q: Is it possible to develop a general way of mental representation that helps me with more than one area?
A: There is no such thing as developing a general skill. You don’t train your memory as a whole, you train your memory for strings of digits or for collections of words or for people’s faces. Of?course, some people do become overall memory experts or athletes in a number of sports or doctors?with a general set of skills, but they do so by training in a number of different areas.
Q: What makes the best mental representation in a given area?
A: ?The most efficient and sophisticated ones involve as many details as possible. By putting all of these different elements into an overall map, people with well developed mentle representations will manage to do justice to both the forest and the trees, which helps them assimilate and consider a great deal more information at once.
Q: What is the hallmark of expert performance?
A: The ability to see patterns in a?collection of things that would seem random or confusing to people with less well developed mental?representations.
Q: How can I find the most effective training methods that work for me?
A: The better you are able to tailor your training to mirror the best performers in your field, the more effective your training is likely to be. Whenever possible, the best approach is almost always to work with a?good coach or teacher. An effective instructor will understand what must go into a successful training?regimen and will be able to modify it as necessary to suit individual students.
Insights into the study on violin students:
We found that the best violin students had, on average, spent significantly more time than the better.
Again, we found no sign of anyone born with the?sort of talent that would make it possible to reach the upper levels of ballet without working as hard?or harder than anyone else.
感悟：刻意練習(xí)的兩個(gè)特征給我了最大的沖擊窒所。
1.練習(xí)要帶著目的我碟，什么目的？不是一個(gè)泛泛的寫作達(dá)人這樣的宏大目標(biāo)。要像打怪搭房子一樣土辩，每一步都是非常specific谦絮，是一個(gè)meaningful task羞延，一步步升級。
2.什么是有效的 mental representation梢睛？當(dāng)你覺得那個(gè)information 時(shí)刻available 的時(shí)候; internalize it till it become yours, till you can automatically refer to it at any time. 就像讀這本書一樣肥印，我們的目的都是想要吸取其精華，為我所用绝葡，但如果合上書竖独，復(fù)述作者的Insight,發(fā)現(xiàn)乏善可陳，那么這就是對刻意練習(xí)這個(gè)概念的心理表征建立失敗挤牛。
怎么做到莹痢？刻意練習(xí)，reflect on the MR while monitoring our performance and constantly modify it.
回到自己墓赴。有一個(gè)習(xí)慣我覺得很有必要現(xiàn)在開始建立——在 input之后迅速來一場output竞膳，目的是檢驗(yàn)自己MR建立的程度。從每一篇閱讀開始做起诫硕。問問自己到底學(xué)到了什么坦辟。具體到實(shí)踐，就是寫筆記章办。而關(guān)于feedback锉走，因?yàn)闂l件有限滨彻，加上對于自己評估也算準(zhǔn)確，所以目前先自我審視挪蹭。
Among
1.among+n.
作為介詞短語表示某opinion,event,concern...在特定人群中發(fā)生
·The problem is causing widespread concern among scientists.
2.used to talk about a particular person, thing, or group as?belonging to a larger group:
·She was the eldest among them.
·Innocent civilians were among the casualties.
'latter-day
adj.[only before noun]
?being a modern version of a person or thing in the past
?(舊時(shí)的人或物的)現(xiàn)代翻版的
Vary
?'What time do you start work?''It?varies.'
"你幾點(diǎn)鐘開始工作亭饵？" "沒準(zhǔn)兒。"
?The job enables me to?vary the hours I work.
這項(xiàng)工作使我能夠調(diào)整工作時(shí)間梁厉。
It was common for a judge to give scores that varied by plus or minus four points
注意介詞by上下浮動
Act up
1.to behave badly
2.to not work as it should
?How long has your ankle been acting?up?
Red Herring --- distraction
The expression is mainly used to assert that an argument is not relevant to the issue being discussed.
that's about?all ?|that's about?it差不多就這樣了
used to say that you have?finished telling sb about sth and there is nothing to add
?‘Anything else?’ ‘No, that's about it for?now.’
either way|one way or the other不管咋樣
used to say that it does?not matter which one of two possibilities happens, is chosen or is true
?Was it his fault or not? Either way, an?explanation is due.
?And, either way, at eighteen or twenty, these students were nowhere near masters of the violin.
