有著800多年建都史的北京城具有豐富的市井文化，從老百姓居住的胡同蔑歌、四合院羹应，到民間雜耍、斗蛐蛐兒次屠、養(yǎng)金魚园匹、遛鳥兒、鴿子哨劫灶，都同皇家文化一道裸违，構(gòu)成了北京悠久的歷史文化傳統(tǒng)。隨著國際交往的不斷加深浑此，很多來北京的外國朋友已不再局限于游覽恢弘的故宮累颂、天壇、長城等經(jīng)典景區(qū)凛俱，他們還愿意去走走胡同紊馏，坐坐人力三輪車，徜徉于市井民風(fēng)中蒲犬，感受最接地氣的老北京文化朱监。還有一些常駐北京工作、學(xué)習(xí)的外國朋友原叮，也喜歡在周末和節(jié)假日出來走走逛逛赫编，體味北京的風(fēng)土人情。那么奋隶，如何用英語跟老外聊聊北京的民風(fēng)民韻擂送，讓他們乘興而來、滿意而歸呢唯欣？今兒個(gè)我們就先來了解一下北京的胡同嘹吨，學(xué)習(xí)介紹胡同的英語表達(dá)吧！
胡同——老北京人的生活社區(qū)
我們現(xiàn)在通常所說的社區(qū)(community)其實(shí)在老北京人那里早就有了境氢，那就是“胡同”蟀拷。關(guān)于“胡同”的英文表達(dá)碰纬，有兩種處理方法：一種是直接音譯為hutong (英文中一般將hutong視為單復(fù)數(shù)同形，因此下面英文部分中復(fù)數(shù)形式的hutong也沒有加s)问芬，了解中國文化的老外也都可以理解悦析；還有一種方法就是采用英文中的對應(yīng)詞alley，alley在《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學(xué)習(xí)詞典》中的英文釋義如下：“An alley is a narrow passage or street with buildings or walls on both sides.”雖然alley不足以表達(dá)“胡同”的意思此衅，但是對于初來中國强戴、對中國文化不甚了解的外國人來說，alley這個(gè)詞可能更容易理解炕柔。北京的胡同起源于元朝酌泰。通常認(rèn)為，“胡同”一詞最早來源于蒙古語匕累，意思是“水井”，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)候人們的水源多是水井默伍，生活的區(qū)域就是以水井為中心的欢嘿。
Beijing has a community of alleys, or “hutong" in Chinese. H These are the centuries-old, tree-lined alleyways that are the true heartbeat of this unique city and a real-life link to its fascinating past. The alleys go back almost 800 years? to the Yuan Dynasty and are in fact a Mongol invention. After Genghis Khan’s (成吉思汗) unruly hordes reduced Beijing to rubble, the capital was redesigned with these narrow alleyways crisscrossing the city. In fact, the word “hutong”? comes from the Mongolian word for? “well,” as people living in that period inhabited areas around wells which were their source of water. By the Qing Dynasty there were 2,000 hutong, and by the 1950s that? figure had almost trebled. (Based on BBC: Old Beijing at Its Timeless Best)
胡同的生活相比于現(xiàn)代化的城市生活有很多獨(dú)特之處。鬧中取靜是胡同的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)——胡同地處城市中心也糊，卻沒有集市和街道的喧嘩炼蹦。這是因?yàn)楹话惚容^狹窄，沒有現(xiàn)代化交通工具帶來的噪音狸剃，多是黃包車走街串巷掐隐。但是，這并不是說胡同里是死一般的沉寂钞馁，來來往往的小販叫賣聲仍然讓胡同散發(fā)出生活的氣息和生機(jī)虑省。當(dāng)然，城市現(xiàn)代化逐漸侵蝕了古老的胡同∩耍現(xiàn)在探颈，即使是在留存下來的胡同中，也免不了聽到私家汽車的鳴笛聲和馬達(dá)聲训措。
需要說明的是伪节，在舊時(shí)，胡同里的主要交通工具并不是我們現(xiàn)在臣看到的三輪腳踏車怀大，而是黃包車。在英文里呀闻，“黃包車”一詞是rickshaw化借，源于日語，在《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學(xué)習(xí)詞典》的英文釋義如下：“A rickshaw is a simple vehicle that is used in Asia for carrying passengers. Some rickshaws are pulled by a man who walks or runs in front.”舊時(shí)胡同里的黃包車對應(yīng)的就是該釋義的后一句話总珠。
In the old days, life in the hutong remained peaceful and provided an escape from? the hustle and bustle of city life. Although located downtown, the hutong were? free from the noise of traffic , as they? were too narrow to bear much . Instead, rickshaws went up and down and hawkers’ shouts greeted the whole neighborhood.
The modern life style, however, has gradually? broken the tranquility as private cars have rushed into the hutong and the shouts of hawkers? have disappeard as modern grocers and shops, as well as restaurants,? bars and even clubs, have moved in to replace them.
胡同的名稱——市井氣息與歷史文化同在
北京胡同的名稱都可以追根溯源屏鳍。如果用文字將北京每一條胡同的歷史做一番梳理勘纯，那很可能是一部鴻篇巨著。分類說來钓瞭，北京胡同的命名也五花八門：有以生活必需品命名的驳遵，有以歷史名人命名的，有以舊時(shí)政府機(jī)構(gòu)名稱命名的山涡，還有浪漫的名稱和寄托美好愿望的名稱堤结。
Just as? the history of the hutong can be traced back about 800 years to the Yuan Dynasty , the names of individual hutong have also passed down their own traditions and culture. They are named after daily necessities, famous people or government sectors. What’s more, there are also names of romance and good wishes.
生活必需品最貼近老百姓，因而以此命名的胡同不勝枚舉鸭丛。中國有句古話：“開門七件事竞穷，柴米油鹽醬醋茶×鄹龋”北京就有七個(gè)胡同的名字瘾带，一樣不落地把這七件生活必需品囊括了進(jìn)去，分別是：柴棒胡同熟菲、米市胡同看政、油坊胡同、鹽店胡同抄罕、醬坊胡同允蚣、醋章胡同和茶兒胡同。
Daily necessities are the closest to people’s lives, so the number of hutong named after them is countless.? An old Chinese sayings goes, “Firewood, rice, cooking oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea are the seven necessities of daily life.” As a result, there are seven hutong which are each named after one of these items.
為了紀(jì)念一些名人呆贿，我們會用名人的名字來命名道路嚷兔、街道(如張自忠路)。古時(shí)也有用名人命名的胡同做入，如現(xiàn)在的紅星胡同在1965年以前就叫做“無量大人胡同”冒晰，再早以前的名稱是“吳良大人胡同”，正是得名于明朝大將吳良母蛛。
In modern times ,? some? roads or streets? have been named after famous people in commemoration of them, such as Zhang Zizhong Road to honor the hero General Zhang Zizhong who sacrificed his life in the Chinese people’s War of Resistance Against Japan. In ancient times, the names of hutong also followed the same convention.? For example, today’s Red Star Hutong was? originally? calle Milord Wu Liang Hutong, named after the famous general Wu Liang in the Ming Dynasty.
還有一些胡同是以舊時(shí)政府機(jī)構(gòu)名稱命名的翩剪。比如祿米倉胡同，就是舊時(shí)存儲京官俸糧的地方彩郊。再比如府學(xué)胡同前弯，是舊時(shí)官辦的最高學(xué)校所在地。
Some of the hutong got their names from the government sectors which were located in those hutong. The famous ones include Lumicang Hutong in which the granary for feudal officials’ salary was located, and Fuxue Hutong? where the highest educational administration in feudal China used to be located.
對于有著浪漫氣息的胡同名兒秫逝，外國人理解起來恐怕就有些難了恕出。比如陳升的流行歌曲《北京一夜》中出現(xiàn)的“百花深處”，就是護(hù)國寺和新街口附近的一條胡同违帆。2002年浙巫，英國的一家公司邀請世界上15位大師級導(dǎo)演，請他們各自拍攝10分鐘的短片，串成一部叫做《十分鐘年華老去》(Ten Minutes Older)的電影的畴，旨在展示當(dāng)代世界電影的最高藝術(shù)水準(zhǔn)渊抄。制作方邀請的中國導(dǎo)演是陳凱歌，他所拍攝的短片就叫《百花深處》丧裁，譯名為“100 Flowers Hidden Deep”护桦，頗有幾分詩意。還有人將“百花深處”翻譯成Blooming Flowers Place煎娇，也說得通二庵。對于詩意的中文名稱，如何在功能對等的基礎(chǔ)上翻譯成英文缓呛，這本身就是見仁見智催享、眾說紛紜的。
It must be a little difficult for foreigners to appreciate the romance of some of the hutong’s names. For example, the hutong mentioned in pop star Chen Sheng’s song “One Night in Beijing” is called “100 Flowers Hidden Deep,” as it was translated by the famous Chinese film director Chen Kaige in one of his movies. The name of this hutong? has been translated as? “Blooming Flowers Place” by others,? but in fact, at present, it is only a shabby neighborhood without any flowers.
中華民間文化特別重視良好祝愿和吉利話哟绊，特別是喜歡“福祿壽喜”“平安吉祥”這樣的字眼因妙，這一點(diǎn)也體現(xiàn)在胡同的名稱上，因此有福順胡同匿情、壽比胡同兰迫、壽逾百胡同、平安胡同炬称、安福胡同、吉市口胡同涡拘、永祥胡同等多個(gè)這類名稱的胡同玲躯。
Chinese folk culture highlights good wishes of happiness, fortune and longevity, and auspicious words of safety, wellness and auspice. The custom is also reflected in the names of hutong, so a lot of hutong include? these words in their names.
北京的胡同深藏著歷史故事和百姓生活，從這個(gè)意義上說鳄乏，她就是一部大書跷车，既帶你領(lǐng)略多姿多彩的老北京文化，又幫助你了解千奇百怪的人文歷史橱野。春天來了朽缴，帶著你的外國朋友在胡同中走起來，還能練練你的英語口語呢水援！
