一、準(zhǔn)備工作
- Pyinstaller可以將Python的代碼打包成可執(zhí)行文件（.exe）星立，打完包的可執(zhí)行文件可在沒有安裝Python環(huán)境的PC上運(yùn)行晴竞。
- Python 3.7
- 安裝Pyinstaller：pip install pyinstaller
- 使用文檔：https://pyinstaller.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage.html
二勾拉、Pyinstaller 命令介紹
- 語法：pyinstaller [options] script [script …] | specfile
如：pyinstaller XXX.py - 查看幫助：pyinstaller -h 或 pyinstaller --help
usage: pyinstaller [-h] [-v] [-D] [-F] [--specpath DIR] [-n NAME]
[--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>]
[--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [-p DIR]
[--hidden-import MODULENAME]
[--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH]
[--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS] [--exclude-module EXCLUDES]
[--key KEY] [-d [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}]] [-s]
[--noupx] [-c] [-w]
[-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>]
[--version-file FILE] [-m <FILE or XML>] [-r RESOURCE]
[--uac-admin] [--uac-uiaccess] [--win-private-assemblies]
[--win-no-prefer-redirects]
[--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER]
[--runtime-tmpdir PATH] [--bootloader-ignore-signals]
[--distpath DIR] [--workpath WORKPATH] [-y]
[--upx-dir UPX_DIR] [-a] [--clean] [--log-level LEVEL]
scriptname [scriptname ...]
positional arguments:
scriptname name of scriptfiles to be processed or exactly one
.spec-file. If a .spec-file is specified, most options
are unnecessary and are ignored.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --version Show program version info and exit.
--distpath DIR Where to put the bundled app (default: .\dist)
--workpath WORKPATH Where to put all the temporary work files, .log, .pyz
and etc. (default: .\build)
-y, --noconfirm Replace output directory (default:
SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME) without asking for
confirmation
--upx-dir UPX_DIR Path to UPX utility (default: search the execution
path)
-a, --ascii Do not include unicode encoding support (default:
included if available)
--clean Clean PyInstaller cache and remove temporary files
before building.
--log-level LEVEL Amount of detail in build-time console messages. LEVEL
may be one of TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR,
CRITICAL (default: INFO).
What to generate:
-D, --onedir Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable
(default)
-F, --onefile Create a one-file bundled executable.
--specpath DIR Folder to store the generated spec file (default:
current directory)
-n NAME, --name NAME Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file
(default: first script's basename)
What to bundle, where to search:
--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to
the executable. The path separator is platform
specific, ``os.pathsep`` (which is ``;`` on Windows
and ``:`` on most unix systems) is used. This option
can be used multiple times.
--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
Additional binary files to be added to the executable.
See the ``--add-data`` option for more details. This
option can be used multiple times.
-p DIR, --paths DIR A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH).
Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ';', or use
this option multiple times
--hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME
Name an import not visible in the code of the
script(s). This option can be used multiple times.
--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH
An additional path to search for hooks. This option
can be used multiple times.
--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS
Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is
code that is bundled with the executable and is
executed before any other code or module to set up
special features of the runtime environment. This
option can be used multiple times.
--exclude-module EXCLUDES
Optional module or package (the Python name, not the
path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not
found). This option can be used multiple times.
--key KEY The key used to encrypt Python bytecode.
How to generate:
-d [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}], --debug [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}]
Provide assistance with debugging a frozen
application, by specifying one or more of the
following choices.
- all: All three of the below options; this is the
default choice, unless one of the choices below is
specified.
- imports: specify the -v option to the underlying
Python interpreter, causing it to print a message
each time a module is initialized, showing the
place (filename or built-in module) from which it
is loaded. See
https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#id4.
- bootloader: tell the bootloader to issue progress
messages while initializing and starting the
bundled app. Used to diagnose problems with
missing imports.
- noarchive: instead of storing all frozen Python
source files as an archive inside the resulting
executable, store them as files in the resulting
output directory.
-s, --strip Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and
shared libs (not recommended for Windows)
--noupx Do not use UPX even if it is available (works
differently between Windows and *nix)
Windows and Mac OS X specific options:
-c, --console, --nowindowed
Open a console window for standard i/o (default)
-w, --windowed, --noconsole
Windows and Mac OS X: do not provide a console window
for standard i/o. On Mac OS X this also triggers
building an OS X .app bundle. This option is ignored
in *NIX systems.
-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>
FILE.ico: apply that icon to a Windows executable.
FILE.exe,ID, extract the icon with ID from an exe.
FILE.icns: apply the icon to the .app bundle on Mac OS
X
Windows specific options:
--version-file FILE add a version resource from FILE to the exe
-m <FILE or XML>, --manifest <FILE or XML>
add manifest FILE or XML to the exe
-r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE
Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The
RESOURCE is one to four items,
FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file
or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME
must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be
specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the
given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources
from FILE will be added/updated to the final
executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or
specified as wildcard *.This option can be used
multiple times.
--uac-admin Using this option creates a Manifest which will
request elevation upon application restart.
--uac-uiaccess Using this option allows an elevated application to
work with Remote Desktop.
Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced):
--win-private-assemblies
Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application
will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means
the exact versions of these assemblies will always be
used, and any newer versions installed on user
machines at the system level will be ignored.
--win-no-prefer-redirects
While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to
bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer
not to follow policies that redirect to newer
versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of
the assembly.
Mac OS X specific options:
--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER
Mac OS X .app bundle identifier is used as the default
unique program name for code signing purposes. The
usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS
notation. For example:
com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first
script's basename)
Rarely used special options:
--runtime-tmpdir PATH
Where to extract libraries and support files in
`onefile`-mode. If this option is given, the
bootloader will ignore any temp-folder location
defined by the run-time OS. The ``_MEIxxxxxx``-folder
will be created here. Please use this option only if
you know what you are doing.
--bootloader-ignore-signals
Tell the bootloader to ignore signals rather than
forwarding them to the child process. Useful in
situations where e.g. a supervisor process signals
both the bootloader and child (e.g. via a process
group) to avoid signalling the child twice.
- 查看版本：pyinstaller -v 或 pyinstaller --version
- 常用參數(shù)
| 常用參數(shù) | 含義 |
|---|---|
| -i 或 -icon | 生成icon |
| -F | 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)綁定的可執(zhí)行文件 |
| -w | 使用窗口粘姜，無控制臺(tái) |
| -C | 使用控制臺(tái)，無窗口 |
| -D | 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)包含可執(zhí)行文件的單文件夾包(默認(rèn)情況下) |
| -n | 文件名 |
| --version-file | 從 FILE 向 exe 添加一個(gè)版本資源 |
注：可通過查看幫助查看全部參數(shù)選項(xiàng)
三乞榨、Pyinstaller 使用
- 以Tkinter 倒計(jì)時(shí)GUI小程序為例
- 直接打包：pyinstaller -F WorkingTime.py （生成的exe文件運(yùn)行后秽之，會(huì)有個(gè)控制臺(tái)，即可見的黑框吃既，如圖2）
- 不帶控制臺(tái)：pyinstaller -F -w WorkingTime.py （該命令會(huì)去除控制臺(tái)考榨，即運(yùn)行僅程序窗口）
- 修改文件名：pyinstaller -F -n test WorkingTime.py （定義生成的exe文件為test，非源文件名）
- 添加icon：pyinstaller -F -w -i 22.ico WorkingTime.py (注：圖片資源需與源文件在同意路徑鹦倚，或指定對應(yīng)資源圖路徑）
-
生成文件目錄如下圖河质，打包好的exe文件在./dist文件夾下。
文件目錄
pyinstaller -F WorkingTime.py
Blog：
- 簡書：http://www.reibang.com/u/ec81abf35751
- CSDN：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_21238607
- 微信公眾號(hào)：rzbbzr
