Homo sapiens is a very moody species. Even though sadness and bad moods have always been part of the human experience, we now live in an age that ignores or devalues these feelings.
智人是一個(gè)非常情緒化的物種辫狼。盡管悲傷和壞心情一直以來都是我們的一部分，如今我們卻總傾向于忽視或貶低這種情感辛润。
It's time to re-assess the role of bad moods in our lives. We should recognise they are a normal, and even a useful and adaptive part of being human, helping us cope with many everyday situations and challenges.
現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候重新審視我們生命中的壞心情了膨处。我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，它們是人之常情砂竖，甚至是對(duì)我們有幫助的真椿，它還機(jī)動(dòng)性，幫助我們應(yīng)對(duì)日常狀況和挑戰(zhàn)乎澄。
A short history of sadness
悲傷的歷史
In earlier historical times, short spells of feeling sad or moody (known as mild dysphoria) have always been accepted as a normal part of everyday life.
歷史上早些時(shí)候突硝，短時(shí)間的悲傷或郁郁寡歡(通常稱為焦慮)都被視為正常生活的一部分。
Greek tragedies exposed and trained audiences to accept and deal with inevitable misfortune as a normal part of human life. Shakespeare's tragedies are classics because they echo this theme. And the works of many great artists such as Beethoven and Chopin in music, or Chekhov and Ibsen in literature explore the landscape of sadness, a theme long recognised as instructive and valuable.
古希臘悲劇使人們將接受和應(yīng)對(duì)無法避免的災(zāi)難視為生活的一部分解恰。莎士比亞的悲劇被視為經(jīng)典的原因就在于它回應(yīng)了這一主題查库。長(zhǎng)久以來，悲傷都是機(jī)具教育意義富有價(jià)值的主題，不論是貝多芬撤师，肖邦這樣的音樂家，還是契科夫和易卜生這樣的文學(xué)家衰伯，他們的偉大作品都對(duì)悲傷這一領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了探索。
What is the point of sadness?
悲傷的好處有哪些?
In fact, the range of human emotions includes many more negative than positive feelings. Negative emotions such as fear, anger, shame or disgust are helpful because they help us recognise, avoid and overcome threatening or dangerous situations.
事實(shí)上，在人類的一系列情感中，消極情緒占大多數(shù)募强。諸如恐懼配猫，憤怒捆交，羞愧玄括，厭惡等負(fù)面情緒都是有益的哪雕，因?yàn)樗鼈儙椭覀冋J(rèn)清斯嚎，避免以及克服危險(xiǎn)的境遇疫剃。
Intense and enduring sadness, such as depression, is obviously a serious and debilitating disorder. However, mild, temporary bad moods may serve an important and useful adaptive purpose, by helping us to cope with everyday challenges and difficult situations.
很顯然，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間強(qiáng)烈的悲傷，例如抑郁柒爵，是一種嚴(yán)重的紊亂冀膝，會(huì)使我們虛弱。然而熬北，溫和短暫的壞情緒則會(huì)通過幫助我們應(yīng)對(duì)每天的挑戰(zhàn)和狀況，為我們提供重要且有用的機(jī)動(dòng)性目的，
There is now growing evidence that negative moods, like sadness, has psychological benefits.
越來越多的證據(jù)表明諸如悲傷一類的負(fù)面情緒，對(duì)人的身體是有益的讲冠。
Feeling sad or in a bad mood produces a number of benefits:
悲傷或者短時(shí)間的壞情緒有以下幾點(diǎn)好處：
better memory: In one study, a bad mood (caused by bad weather) resulted in people better remembering the details of a shop they just left. Bad mood can also improve eyewitness memories by reducing the effects of various distractions, like irrelevant, false or misleading information.
良好的記憶力：一項(xiàng)研究表明否彩，由惡劣天氣引起的壞情緒會(huì)使人們更清楚地記得自己剛剛?cè)ミ^的商店枚尼。我們通常會(huì)受到其他事物的干擾，比如無關(guān)的錯(cuò)誤的或是誤人子弟的信息袁串，負(fù)面情緒還會(huì)通過消除干擾物的影響來提高人們的視覺記憶。
more accurate judgements: A mild bad mood also reduces some biases and distortions in how people form impressions. For instance, slightly sad judges formed more accurate and reliable impressions about others because they processed details more effectively. We found that bad moods also reduced gullibility and increased scepticism when evaluating urban myths and rumours, and even improved people's ability to more accurately detect deception. People in a mild bad mood are also less likely to rely on simplistic stereotypes.
更加敏銳的判斷力：相對(duì)和緩的壞情緒也會(huì)減少人們印象中的偏見和失真之處。處于消極情緒中的人也相對(duì)較少地依賴簡(jiǎn)單的刻板印象晋辆。
motivation: Other experiments found that when happy and sad participants were asked to perform a difficult mental task, those in a bad mood tried harder and persevered more. They spent more time on the task, attempted more questions and produced more correct answers.
激勵(lì)作用：還有一些實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，處于積極情緒和消極情緒的試驗(yàn)者在處理同一難度的任務(wù)時(shí)霸饲，處于消極中的人會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更加努力傻工，堅(jiān)持得時(shí)間也會(huì)更久泄伪。
better communication: The more attentive and detailed thinking style promoted by a bad mood can also improve communication. We found people in a sad mood used more effective persuasive arguments to convince others, were better at understanding ambiguous sentences and better communicated when talking.
更加有效的溝通：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)處于悲傷中的人們會(huì)采取更加具說服力的論點(diǎn)來說服他人孤页，能更好地理解模棱兩可的語句，在交談時(shí)溝通也會(huì)更加順暢。
increased fairness ：Other experiments found that a mild bad mood caused people to pay greater attention to social expectations and norms, and they treated others less selfishly and more fairly.
更加公平：實(shí)驗(yàn)表明贬养，緩和的壞情緒會(huì)使得人們更加關(guān)注社會(huì)期望和規(guī)則咖杂，他們對(duì)待別人時(shí)也會(huì)少一些自私，多一些公正鹰晨。
Counteracting the cult of happiness
抵制對(duì)于快樂的崇拜
It is also increasingly recognised that being in a good mood, despite some advantages, is not universally desirable.
越來越多的人認(rèn)識(shí)到，盡管保持好心情會(huì)帶來一些好處，但它并不總是如我們所愿士复。
These findings suggest the unrelenting pursuit of happiness may often be self-defeating. A more balanced assessment of the costs and benefits of good and bad moods is long overdue.
以上研究表明承璃，持續(xù)不斷地追尋快樂可能會(huì)適得其反出嘹。更加公正地看待積極情緒和消極情緒的成本和益處才是長(zhǎng)久之計(jì)郎仆。
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -轉(zhuǎn)入而來
