“力”刻行動(dòng) 搞定英語(yǔ)
B．過去完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作須在過去某一時(shí)間之前發(fā)生菩佑，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。
1．過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成
過去完成時(shí)是由“had+過去分詞”構(gòu)成的斩跌。
Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake.
我很快就意識(shí)到我犯了一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。
The man sitting beside me on the plane was very nervous.He had not flown before.
飛機(jī)上坐在我旁邊的人很緊張，他以前從沒乘過飛機(jī)绘梦。
Had he gone home when you arrived?你到的時(shí)候他已經(jīng)回家了嗎橘忱？
2．過去完成時(shí)的用法
①“已完成”用法
表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時(shí)間之前或過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。句中常用by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或以before,until,when,than等詞引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)含一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句谚咬。
By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.
到昨天早上5點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)鹦付，我們已經(jīng)做完了那件工作尚粘。
He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.
老師從辦公室回來時(shí)择卦，他剛把教室打掃完。
They came earlier than we had expected.
他們到得比我們預(yù)料的要早郎嫁。
I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.
我在進(jìn)大學(xué)之前就已學(xué)了5000個(gè)單詞秉继。
It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months.
旱了好幾個(gè)月之后，昨天下雨了泽铛。
【注意：】
在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中尚辑，因?yàn)閺木鋭?dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)盔腔。
The train(had)started before I reached the station.
在我到達(dá)車站之前杠茬，列車已經(jīng)開了。
After he(had)arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.
馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后弛随，努力提高他的英語(yǔ)水平瓢喉。
#######②“未完成”用法
表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時(shí)刻之前就已開始，一直持續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)間舀透，還可能再持續(xù)下去栓票。
Up to that time all had gone well.
直到那時(shí)一切都很順利。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
約翰和簡(jiǎn)在結(jié)婚前就認(rèn)識(shí)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了愕够。
She said she had made much progress since she came here.
她說自從她到這兒后已取得了很大的進(jìn)步走贪。
#######③“想象性”用法
過去完成時(shí)有時(shí)表示一種未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或想法，主要用在if引導(dǎo)的和過去事實(shí)相反的條件句以及wish,as if引導(dǎo)的從句中惑芭。
If she had worked hard,she would have succeeded.
要是她努力的話坠狡，她就會(huì)成功了。（事實(shí)上她沒努力遂跟，也沒成功擦秽。）
I wish I had gone with you to the concert.
我要是和你一起去音樂會(huì)就好了。
The two strangers talked as if they had been good friends for many years.
那兩個(gè)陌生人交談起來就像是多年的老朋友漩勤。
#######④表示“剛剛……就……”
過去完成時(shí)常用在hardly/scarcely/barely...when...,no sooner...than...等結(jié)構(gòu)中感挥，表示“剛剛……就……”。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他剛開始演講越败，聽眾就打斷了他触幼。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他剛到就又走了。
【提示：】
intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可以用來表示一個(gè)本來打算做而未做的事究飞。
I had meant to come,but something happened.
我原本打算來的置谦，但有事發(fā)生了堂鲤。
I had intended to call on you,but was prevented from doing so.
我本打算去看你的，但沒能去成媒峡。
They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time.
他們?cè)霂兔Φ奈疗埽珱]能及時(shí)趕到這里。
