Levelling the paying field--Vocabulary
1.New European payments regulation has the potential toshake upthe banks
shake up: to make important changes in an organization, a profession, etc. in order to make it more efficient 徹底調(diào)整；重組（機構(gòu)唱矛、行業(yè)等）E.g.The government wanted to reform the institutions, to shake up the country 政府想要實施機構(gòu)改革鸟蟹，整頓國家祈争。
2.Klarna ?:is a Swedishe-commercecompany that provides payment services for online storefronts. Their core service is to assume stores' claims for payments and handle customer payments, thus eliminating the risk for seller and buyer.
Link:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klarna
3.mortgage: noun . ( also informal home loan) a legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends you money to buy a house, etc., and you pay the money back over a particular number of years; the sum of money that you borrow 按揭（由銀行等提供房產(chǎn)抵押借款）买置；按揭貸款E.g. to apply for/take out/pay off a mortgage 申請 / 取得 / 還清抵押貸款
4. predetermine: verb. (formal) to decide sth in advance so that it does not happen by chance 預先決定辟狈；事先安排
predetermined: adj. 預設的E.g. An alarm sounds when the temperature reaches a predetermined level 溫度一達到預設的度數(shù)瓶蚂，警報就會響起來
5.overdrawn: ?【 having taken more money out of your bank account than you have in it 已透支沉馆；有透支E.g. I'm overdrawn by ￡100 我透支了100英鎊
【 with more money taken out than was paid in or left in 被透支的E.g. 透支的賬戶
6.interact:to communicate with sb, especially while you work, play or spend time with them 交流；溝通长豁；合作.E.g Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child. 教師和每個孩子溝通的時間有限拓春。
【派生詞】interaction: noun. ~ (between sb/sth) | ~ (with sb/sth) 互動，相互作用
7.direadj. [常用于名詞前](formal) very serious 極其嚴重的；危急的E.g. dire warnings/threats
8. unscathed:adj. [名詞前不可用] not hurt 未受傷害洒试；未受傷【Synonyms】: unharmed
E.g. The hostages emerged from their ordeal unscathed 各人質(zhì)歷盡磨難后安然生還
9.Fintech companies are beginning to?mount?a challenge, most?conspicuously?in the online-payments industry in northern Europe...
mount: [動詞 + 名詞短語] to organize and begin sth 準備倍奢；安排；組織開展 【 synonyms 】:arrangeE.g. to mount a protest/campaign/an exhibition 發(fā)起抗議 / 運動垒棋；舉辦展覽
conspicuous: easy to see or notice; likely to attract attention 易見的卒煞；明顯的；惹人注意的 【派生詞】conspicuously顯著地 E.g. Women were conspicuously absent from the planning committee 引人注意的是叼架，規(guī)劃委員會里沒有一個女性委員
10.sofort: online bank transfer . https://www.sofort.com/eng-INT/buyer/sb/overview/
iDEAL: ?Online payments service https://www.ideal.nl/en/
11.overwhelming: very great or very strong; so powerful that you cannot resist it or decide how to react 巨大的畔裕；壓倒性的；無法抗拒的
【派生詞】overwhelmingly壓倒地乖订，無法抵抗地E.g. They voted overwhelmingly against the proposal.他們以壓倒多數(shù)票反對這項提案扮饶。
12.One reason?incumbents?have proved so?resilient?is that fintech firms lack the customer-transaction information they need to provide many financial services.
incumbent:a person who has an official position 在職者；現(xiàn)任者E.g. the present incumbent of the White House 現(xiàn)任美國總統(tǒng)
resilient :able to feel better quickly after sth unpleasant such as shock, injury, etc. 可迅速恢復的乍构；有適應力的E.g. He'll get over it─young people are amazingly resilient. 他會克服這些的——年輕人的適應力驚人
13 ?It is often either?cumbersome?or?insecure?for customers to share their own information.
cumbersome: difficult to handle or use especially because of size or weight; 麻煩的甜无，冗長的
insecure: not safe or protected 不安全的；無保障的哥遮；不牢靠的E.g. As an artist he was always financially insecure.作為一名藝術家岂丘，他在經(jīng)濟上總是沒有保障
14.PSD2(Payments services directive2): PSD2 is the second Payment Services Directive, designed by the countries of the European Union. It could revolutionise the payments industry, affecting everything from the way we pay online, to what information we see when making a payment. (Related links: https://transferwise.com/gb/blog/what-is-psd2)， adopted in 2015
【延伸】來看看PSD2的前身：PSD：is anEU Directive, administered by theEuropean Commission (Directorate General Internal Market)to regulate payment services andpayment service providersthroughout theEuropean Union(EU) andEuropean Economic Area(EEA). The Directive's purpose was to increase pan-European competition and participation in the payments industry also from non-banks, and to provide for a level playing field by harmonizing consumer protection and the rights and obligations for payment providers and users. （Only be applied within the European Economic Area)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_Services_Directive
15.implement :to make sth that has been officially decided start to happen or be used 使生效眠饮；貫徹奥帘；執(zhí)行；實施 【 Synonyms :】carry out
E.g. to implement changes/decisions/policies/reforms 實行變革仪召；執(zhí)行決議 / 政策寨蹋；實施改革
16.due to be: 將定于....
【延伸】With all due respect:? used when you are going to disagree, usually quite strongly, with sb （通常在表示強烈不同意之前說）恕我直言E.g. With all due respect, the figures simply do not support you on this 恕我直言，這些數(shù)字根本不能支持你的觀點扔茅。
17.kick-start: to do sth to help a process or project start more quickly 促使…開始钥庇；使（項目）盡快啟動E.g. The government's attempt to kick-start the economy has failed? 政府刺激經(jīng)濟的努力失敗了
18.Provided the customer has givenexplicit consent, banks wil be forced to share customer-account information with licensed financial-services providers.如果客戶已明確同意，銀行將不得不與特許金融服務商分享客戶信息咖摹。
explicit：adj. ?saying sth clearly, exactly and openly （說話）清晰的评姨，明確的；直言的萤晴；坦率的 【Synonyms】frankE.g. She was quite explicit about why she had left.她對自己離開的原因直言不諱
consent:noun. permission to do sth, especially given by sb in authority 同意吐句；準許；允許E.g. The written consent of a parent is required. 要求有家長的書面同意.
19.They could become more integrated intothe internet-browsing experience-enabling, for example,one-click bank transfers, at least for low-value payments.
the internet-browsing experience-enabling: 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽體驗啟用
Browse: verb **(computing 計) to look for information on a computer, especially on the Internet （在計算機店读，尤指互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上）搜尋信息嗦枢，瀏覽信息
** to look at a lot of things in a shop/store rather than looking for one particular thing （在商店里）隨便看看E.g.You are welcome to come in and browse. 歡迎您光臨本店隨便看看
【派生詞】browse :noun? E.g. The gift shop is well worth a browse 這家禮品店值得一看
20.tighten up: to make sth become stricter 使更加嚴格；加強E.g. to tighten security加強安全措施屯断。 【antonym】loosen
21.sophisticated: adj ?文中參考第一種解釋
** having a lot of experience of the world and knowing about fashion, culture and other things that people think are socially important 見多識廣的文虏；老練的侣诺；見過世面的(compare naive
** (of a machine, system, etc. 機器、體系等) clever and complicated in the way that it works or is presented 復雜巧妙的氧秘；先進的年鸳；精密的
**(of a person 人) able to understand difficult or complicated ideas 水平高的；在行的E.g. a sophisticated audience 有鑒賞力的觀眾
22. rock-bottom :(informal) the lowest point or level that is possible 最低點丸相；最低水平
E.g. Prices hit rock bottom 價格降到了最低點搔确。
23.Deloitte:? is a UK-incorporatedmultinationalprofessional servicesfirm with operational headquarters inNew York Cityin theUnited States.?Deloitte is one of the "Big Four" accounting firms and the largestprofessional services networkin the world by revenue and number of professionals. Deloitte providesaudit,tax,consulting,enterprise riskandfinancial advisoryservices with more than 244,400 professionals globally.
More infomation link to :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deloitte
24.Banks'?lockhold?on payments serves as a handy source of income, earning European banks €128bn in 2015, around a quarter of retail banking revenue. 牢牢把控
25.dumb pipes:refers to a network that is used simply to transfer bytes between the customer's device and the Internet, while being completely neutral with regard to the services and applications the customer accesses, it primarily provides simple bandwidth and network speed.(相對于smart pipe ). 術語啞通道是指簡單地用于在客戶設備和因特網(wǎng)之間傳輸字節(jié)的網(wǎng)絡，而完全中立于客戶的訪問和應用程序灭忠，它主要提供簡單的寬帶和網(wǎng)絡速度膳算。
26.Perhaps predictably, resistance ismanifestedas a concern about data protection: more then half of respondents to the PWC survey voiced concerns about security andliability.
manifest: to show sth clearly, especially a feeling, an attitude or a quality 表明，清楚顯示（尤指情感弛作、態(tài)度或品質(zhì)）【synonyms】demonstrate. Eg.Social tensions were manifested in the recent political crisis.最近的政治危機顯示了社會關系的緊張
liability:累贅涕蜂；負累；負擔 If you say that someone or something is a liability, you mean that they cause a lot of problems or embarrassment.
27.legitimate:for which there is a fair and acceptable reason 正當合理的映琳；合情合理的 【Synonyms】valid, justifiableE.g.It seemed a perfectly legitimate question 這似乎是完全合乎情理的問題机隙。
28.block competition 阻礙競爭
29. robust:強健的;健壯的;堅固的;結(jié)實的 Someone or something that is robust is very strong or healthy.E.g. We've always specialised in making very robust, simply designed machinery. 我們一直專注于制造極為結(jié)實耐用而且設計簡單的機器
30...As they are also required to beinsured against losses from fraud, they will need to convinceinsurers,too. 投保欺詐損失
31.They will not be subject to the same capital and stress-testing requirement banks face: but nor will they be licensed to undertake the riskier business or lending.他們不會受到銀行面臨的相同的資本和壓力測試要求, 但他們也不會被許可進行風險較高的業(yè)務或貸款。
32.perfect on paper: 完美的紙上方案（暗指實施起來可能困難重重刊头，沒那么完美）
33. As implementation approaches, the rules will bewatered down,.作為執(zhí)行方案黍瞧，規(guī)則將會被放緩诸尽。
water down:使(提議原杂、演講、聲明等)語氣緩和;使打折扣;削弱 If something such as a proposal, speech, or statement is watered down, it is made much weaker and less forceful, or less likely to make people angry. E.g.Proposed legislation affecting bird-keepers has been watered down影響?zhàn)B鳥者的立法提案的措詞已經(jīng)緩和一些了
34.subjective: based on your own ideas or opinions rather than facts and therefore sometimes unfair 主觀的（非客觀的） Subjectively : 主觀地
35.bared their teeth: 露出獠牙
36.Last year German competition authorities,citing the changes proposed in PSD2, ruled that banks were illegally restricting customers' online-banking activities.去年德國競爭當局您机，引用PSD2中提議的變化穿肄，規(guī)定說銀行限制客戶網(wǎng)上銀行活動的行為是不合法的。
cite: to speak or write the exact words from a book, an author, etc. 引用际看；引述咸产；援引 【synonyms:】quote
37.Santander's British arm, for instance, has?teamed up?with Kabbage, an American startup, to offer small companies?working-capital loans.運營資金貸款
team up: to put two or more people or things together in order to do sth or to achieve a particular effect 使互相配合；協(xié)作仲闽；合作
40 .Familiarity,huge customer bases and low funding costs are all?attributes entrants?want to gain by association, just as banks want to?exploit?newcomers' technology. 熟識脑溢，龐大的客戶群和低資金成本上是新來者通過聯(lián)合想獲得的所有屬性，就像銀行想利用新來者的技術一樣赖欣。
attributes: noun. a quality or feature of sb/sth 屬性屑彻；性質(zhì)；特征 E.g Patience is one of the most important attributes in a teacher.耐心是教師最重要的品質(zhì)之一
entrants: a person who has recently joined a profession, university, etc. 新職員顶吮；新生社牲；新會員；新成員
exploit:to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself 利用（…為自己謀利）E.g. He exploited his father's name to get himself a job.他利用他父親的名聲為自己找到一份工作
41.confrontation:~ (with sb) | ~ (between A and B) a situation in which there is an angry disagreement between people or groups who have different opinions 對抗悴了；對峙搏恤；沖突
E.g. confrontation between employers and unions 資方與工會之間的對峙
Mindmap:?
【
反思】在做導圖之前违寿，我對每個段落大致的講解點都列了出來，然后就發(fā)現(xiàn)信息很多熟空，覺得每條都有用藤巢，而且下筆前有種我知道文章說了什么，卻無法用一種邏輯且全面的方法表現(xiàn)出來的感覺痛阻。后來再看篤師的菌瘪，喜歡死了她的這張圖，簡潔明晰且正面負面影響都用不同的符號呈現(xiàn)出來阱当，迫不及待留作經(jīng)典范本俏扩。對做圖我覺得自己最大的問題還是不會提取最簡潔且成一套系統(tǒng)的要點。我自己的圖太贅言又沒有太清晰的脈絡弊添，當我知道影響時录淡，我就把一堆東西放在上面，反而這樣油坝，會讓人覺得沒有次重點嫉戚。路漫漫其修遠兮，吾將進一步琢磨澈圈。
神句練習：【篤師講解】
1.New European payments regulation has the potential to?shake up the banks.
新的歐洲支付條例很有可能要徹底重組銀行的架構(gòu)彬檀。
【新出臺的歐洲支付法規(guī)有可能會給銀行業(yè)帶來巨大沖擊。
Shake up 一般指帶來重大改變,Gambition is shaking up the way we study/Technology
is shaking up every industry that we can conceive of.】
2.European rules will open the door to a host of innovative services that analyze transactions. 歐洲法規(guī)將為分析交易相關的創(chuàng)新服務敞開大門瞬女。
【歐洲法規(guī)將給交易分析相關的創(chuàng)新服務帶來更多機遇窍帝。
to give someone new opportunities (sometimes + for )The success of that film
opened new doors for him.(sometimes + to )Early results show that thenew system would open doors to disadvantaged people.】
3.Customers?need barely ever interact with their bank. 客戶幾乎不再需要與他們的銀行打交道。
【客戶幾乎都不需要通過銀行诽偷。
如果這邊一定把interact翻成與銀行互動,就略顯死板了坤学。大家都習慣了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融，那很多事情就不需要通過銀行啦~】
4.European?retail banking has been remarkably unscathed by technology-driven disruption.
歐洲零售銀行明顯在技術驅(qū)動干擾活動中毫發(fā)無損报慕。
【技術帶來的變革對歐洲零售銀行業(yè)產(chǎn)生的影響微乎其微深浮。
歐洲零售銀行業(yè)幾乎并沒有受到技術變革的影響。
兩句一個意思眠冈，第二句形式上更吻合原句飞苇，但第一句通過化被動為主動，突出了核心信息remarkably unscathed幾乎毫發(fā)無傷蜗顽。所以布卡，翻譯并沒有完美的答案，只能無限接近而已~】
5.Fintech companies are beginning to mount a challenge, most conspicuously in the online-payments industry in northern Europe. But their reach is more limited elsewhere in Europe.诫舅。 金融科技公司們正開始發(fā)起一場挑戰(zhàn)羽利，主要致力于歐洲北方的線上支付這塊產(chǎn)業(yè)。但他們在歐洲其他地區(qū)很難發(fā)揮影響力刊懈。【互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融公司已經(jīng)開始發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)这弧，尤其是在北歐線上支付領域娃闲。但對歐洲其他地區(qū)的影響則要小得多。我要提醒大家的是最后那里的reach,用作名詞時候和influence一個意思,用來表達影響的范圍匾浪，簡短好用皇帮，建議化作積極儲備。Eg.Victory is now out of her reach. /The company has now overtaken IBM in terms ofsize and reach./Such matters are beyond the reach of the law.】
6.Regulators,however, are about to transform the landscape. 然而蛋辈，監(jiān)管者們正要改變這種局面属拾。【然而，監(jiān)管部門即將改變這一現(xiàn)狀冷溶。
landscape原意是風景渐白，景色，地貌逞频，此處也是暗喻的用法纯衍，衍生為局面，局勢苗胀。所以哦襟诸，衍生意思和原意都有一定聯(lián)系，大家稍加聯(lián)想基协，便不難理解哦歌亲。這種用法非常非常普遍，建議內(nèi)化澜驮。Recent electoral shocks have shaken the
European political landscape.最近的選舉風波震動了歐洲政壇陷揪。】
7.Banks’ lockhold on payments serves as a handy source of income.銀行業(yè)緊緊控住付款服務這一最方便的收入來源泉唁。【牢牢把控支付領域使得銀行輕而易舉就能賺錢鹅龄。后面的handy這一形容詞值得重視揩慕，表示就在手邊亭畜，方便容易，唾手可得迎卤，聯(lián)想它的原形hand好好體會一下拴鸵。Eg. Always keep a first-aid kit handy.跟前要常備急救箱/handy little tool好用小工具】
8.Resistance is manifested as a concern about data protection.Such concerns are legitimate but also, argue fintech supporters,offer a convenient excuse for banks to block competition.阻力主要表現(xiàn)為對數(shù)據(jù)保護的擔憂。這種擔憂是合法的卻也為銀行阻礙競爭提供了一個合適托辭蜗搔，金融科技支持者辯論道劲藐。【抗拒源自對數(shù)據(jù)保護的擔憂，這是合情合理的樟凄。但互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的支持者們認為聘芜，這也是銀行抵制競爭的絕佳借口》炝洌】
9.Yet for all their complaints, customers still trust banks with their money. 盡管抱怨連天汰现，客戶在資金上還是相信銀行挂谍。【For all表示盡管，雖然瞎饲，等于despite.Eg. For all its clarity of style, the book isnot easy to read】
神詞組:【篤師講解】
become overdrawn: 變得透支【透支】
nudge them to save more 促使他們節(jié)約些【鼓勵他們增加儲蓄】
have easy access to:容易進入【便于……】
kick-start competition:推動競爭【引發(fā)競爭】
give explicit consent 給予明確準許【明確同意】
one-click bank transfer:一鍵銀行轉(zhuǎn)帳
low-value payments:小額度的付款【小額支付】
tighten up security:加強安全
guide them toward:引導他們走向
rich data:龐大數(shù)據(jù)【豐富的數(shù)據(jù)】
leave them in a weaker position: 陷他們于劣勢位置【使他們處于不利地位】
robust data-protection system: 穩(wěn)固數(shù)據(jù)保護系統(tǒng)【強大的數(shù)據(jù)保護系統(tǒng)】
insured against losses from fraud:投保欺詐損失【投保以防欺詐造成的損失】
perfect on paper: 完美計劃【理論完美口叙！暗示實際操作起來可能困難重重⌒嵴剑】
team up with:聯(lián)手合作【與….合作】
exploit newcomers technology:利用新參與者的技術【利用后來者的技術】
Summary :
發(fā)現(xiàn)我越來越愛這種財經(jīng)主題了妄田，要知道自己以前是文學之外的東西不感興趣不碰的一個人。作者在講歐洲的事情驮捍，技術的發(fā)展沖擊著老牌的金融界銀行的地位疟呐，反觀國內(nèi)也是，支付寶东且，微信萨醒，二維碼，這些東西越來越讓我們出門不帶現(xiàn)金憑著一個手機就可以完成一天的活動苇倡，包括逛街購物吃喝富纸。我們享受著技術帶給我們的便利，除了ATM機旨椒，幾乎很少不再跨進銀行營業(yè)廳的大門晓褪。而對作者文中末尾提到的競爭雙方對未來levelling的舉措，我是有深刻體會的综慎，比如越來越多的老實體銀行推出手機APP涣仿，讓更多的客戶直接在手機上操作，越來越多的銀行為在技術日益更新的今天趕上時代潮流示惊，不惜重金投入整改好港，為自己的企業(yè)重新做一套VI，員工服務培訓走向?qū)I(yè)化米罚。而新技術為分得市場一份羹也不斷地在如何給客戶便利上挖空心思钧汹，爭取占位。這種競爭更讓我想起如今很火的單車市場录择。當政府提供的便民單車在街道上成為擺設時拔莱，私人運營的單車服務如雨后春筍般崛起，且為市民所熱捧隘竭√燎兀客戶體驗便利化已成為各方競爭所抓的最大方向，我覺得這是最好的時代动看。
