最近上了一批orcale linux 需要安裝orcale數(shù)據(jù)庫，需要掛載一個300G的分區(qū)拓售，在hyper-V掛載了300G分區(qū)异雁，但是需要在linux系統(tǒng)中掛載一下华临，從這件事發(fā)現(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)真的很重要，所以拿出鳥哥linux私房菜好好學(xué)習(xí)一下基礎(chǔ)饥追。廢話不多說图仓，開始教程，但是教程按照現(xiàn)實操作中記錄的但绕，在使用過程中需要變通一下救崔，為什么要選用LVM格式呢？
LVM是 Logical Volume Manager（邏輯卷管理）的簡寫捏顺，它是Linux環(huán)境下對磁盤分區(qū)進行管理的一種機制六孵，它由Heinz Mauelshagen在Linux 2.4內(nèi)核上實現(xiàn)，目前最新版本為：穩(wěn)定版1.0.5草丧，開發(fā)版 1.1.0-rc2狸臣，以及LVM2開發(fā)版。Linux用戶安裝Linux操作系統(tǒng)時遇到的一個常見的難以決定的問題就是如何正確地評估各分區(qū)大小昌执，以分配合適的硬盤空間烛亦。普通的磁盤分區(qū)管理方式在邏輯分區(qū)劃分好之后就無法改變其大小，當(dāng)一個邏輯分區(qū)存放不下某個文件時懂拾，這個文件因為受上層文件系統(tǒng)的限制煤禽，也不能跨越多個分區(qū)來存放，所以也不能同時放到別的磁盤上岖赋。而遇到出現(xiàn)某個分區(qū)空間耗盡時檬果，解決的方法通常是使用符號鏈接，或者使用調(diào)整分區(qū)大小的工具唐断，但這只是暫時解決辦法选脊，沒有從根本上解決問題。隨著Linux的邏輯卷管理功能的出現(xiàn)脸甘，這些問題都迎刃而解恳啥，用戶在無需停機的情況下可以方便地調(diào)整各個分區(qū)大小。
[root@localhost ~]# ll /dev/disk/by-path
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 2 22:43 pci-0000:00:07.1-scsi-0:0:0:0 -> ../../sr0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 14:59 scsi-0:0:0:0 -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 3 14:59 scsi-0:0:0:0-part1 -> ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 2 14:43 scsi-0:0:0:0-part2 -> ../../sda2
（查看現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)中的磁盤空間）
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l #顯示現(xiàn)在的全部的分區(qū)
找到你要掛載的分區(qū)
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb #格式化這個分區(qū)
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n ####add a new partition#####
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
Partition 1 is already defined. Delete it before re-adding it.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 300.0 GB, 299999952896 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36472 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x613cdef2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 36472 292961308+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 300.0 GB, 299999952896 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36472 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x613cdef2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 36472 292961308+ 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 300.0 GB, 299999952896 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36472 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x613cdef2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 36472 292961308+ 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
格式化好以后PV一下
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
pvdisplay查看一下
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate orcalevg /dev/sdb1
Volume group "orclevg" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 270G -n orcalelv orcalevg
Logical volume "orclelv" created.
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/orcalevg/orcalelv
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /oracle ###新建oracle
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/orcalevg/orcalelv /oracle ###掛載分區(qū)
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
50G 3.2G 44G 7% /
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 84M 364M 19% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
41G 48M 39G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/orclevg-orclelv
266G 60M 253G 1% /oracle
[root@localhost ~]# echo "/dev/orcalevg/orcalelv /oracle ext4 defaults 0 0">>/etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# umount /oracle
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
50G 3.2G 44G 7% /
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 84M 364M 19% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
41G 48M 39G 1% /home
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
50G 3.2G 44G 7% /
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 84M 364M 19% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
41G 48M 39G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/orclevg-orclelv
266G 60M 253G 1% /oracle
（也許這篇文章只有我自己能看懂了丹诀，學(xué)習(xí)過程中一定要記錄自己的學(xué)習(xí)過程钝的，必要的時候還能拿出來用）
