一钓葫、 ES簡單的增刪改查

1悄蕾、創(chuàng)建一篇文檔（有則修改，無則創(chuàng)建;注意：PUT/POST直接修改必須全字段)

PUT test/doc/2
{
  "name":"wangfei",
  "age":27,
  "desc":"熱天還不讓后人不認(rèn)同"
}

PUT test/doc/1
{
  "name":"wangjifei",
  "age":27,
  "desc":"薩芬我反胃為范圍額"
}

PUT test/doc/3
{
  "name":"wangyang",
  "age":30,
  "desc":"點(diǎn)在我心內(nèi)的幾首歌"
}

// 指定修改name字段
POST test/doc/_update/3
{
  "doc": {
      "name":"kingtao"
  }
}

2础浮、查詢指定索引信息

GET test

3帆调、 查詢指定文檔信息

GET test/doc/1
GET test/doc/2

4、查詢對(duì)應(yīng)索引下所有數(shù)據(jù)

GET test/doc/_search
或
GET test/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

5豆同、刪除指定文檔

DELETE test/doc/3

POST test/_delete_by_query
{
  "query":{
    "term":{
      "title":"666"
    }
  }
}

6番刊、刪除索引

DELETE test

7、修改指定文檔方式

修改時(shí)诱告，不指定的屬性會(huì)自動(dòng)覆蓋撵枢，只保留指定的屬性(不正確的修改指定文檔方式)
PUT test/doc/1
{
  "name":"王計(jì)飛"
}
使用POST命令宅倒，在id后面跟_update倔撞，要修改的內(nèi)容放到doc文檔（屬性）中(正確的修改指定文檔方式)
POST test/doc/_update/1
{
  "doc":{
    "desc":"生活就像 茫茫海上"
  }
}

二、ES查詢的兩種方式

1、查詢字符串搜索

GET test/doc/_search?q=name:wangfei

2凤价、結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢(單字段查詢,不能多字段組合查詢)

GET test/doc/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match":{
      "name":"wang"
    }
  }
}

三、match系列之操作

1可款、match系列之match_all (查詢?nèi)?

GET test/doc/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_all": {
    }
  }
}

2拣挪、match系列之match_phrase（短語查詢）

準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)

PUT test1/doc/1
{
  "title": "中國是世界上人口最多的國家"
}
PUT test1/doc/2
{
  "title": "美國是世界上軍事實(shí)力最強(qiáng)大的國家"
}
PUT test1/doc/3
{
  "title": "北京是中國的首都"
}
查詢語句

GET test1/doc/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match":{
      "title":"中國"
    }
  }
}

輸出結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 241,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 0.68324494,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test1",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.68324494,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "中國是世界上人口最多的國家"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test1",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.5753642,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "北京是中國的首都"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test1",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.39556286,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "美國是世界上軍事實(shí)力最強(qiáng)大的國家"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

通過觀察結(jié)果可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然如期的返回了中國的文檔宵晚。但是卻把和美國的文檔也返回了垂攘，這并不是我們想要的。是怎么回事呢淤刃？因?yàn)檫@是elasticsearch在內(nèi)部對(duì)文檔做分詞的時(shí)候晒他，對(duì)于中文來說，就是一個(gè)字一個(gè)字分的逸贾，所以陨仅，我們搜中國，中和國都符合條件铝侵，返回灼伤，而美國的國也符合。而我們認(rèn)為中國是個(gè)短語咪鲜，是一個(gè)有具體含義的詞狐赡。所以elasticsearch在處理中文分詞方面比較弱勢。后面會(huì)講針對(duì)中文的插件疟丙。但目前我們還有辦法解決颖侄，那就是使用短語查詢 用match_phrase
GET test1/doc/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_phrase": {
      "title": "中國"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 10,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 0.5753642,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test1",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.5753642,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "中國是世界上人口最多的國家"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test1",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.5753642,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "北京是中國的首都"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
我們搜索中國和世界這兩個(gè)指定詞組時(shí)，但又不清楚兩個(gè)詞組之間有多少別的詞間隔隆敢。那么在搜的時(shí)候就要留有一些余地发皿。這時(shí)就要用到了slop了。相當(dāng)于正則中的中國.*?世界拂蝎。這個(gè)間隔默認(rèn)為0
GET test1/doc/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_phrase": {
      "title": {
        "query": "中國世界",
        "slop":2
      }
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 23,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.7445889,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test1",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.7445889,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "中國是世界上人口最多的國家"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

3穴墅、match系列之match_phrase_prefix（最左前綴查詢）智能搜索--以什么開頭

數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備

PUT test2/doc/1
{
  "title": "prefix1",
  "desc": "beautiful girl you are beautiful so"
}

PUT test2/doc/2
{
  "title": "beautiful",
  "desc": "I like basking on the beach"
}
搜索特定英文開頭的數(shù)據(jù)
查詢語句

GET test2/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase_prefix": {
      "desc": "bea"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果（）
{
  "took" : 5,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 0.39556286,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test2",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.39556286,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "prefix1",
          "desc" : "beautiful girl you are beautiful so"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test2",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "beautiful",
          "desc" : "I like basking on the beach"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

查詢短語
GET test2/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase_prefix": {
      "desc": "you are bea"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 28,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.8630463,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test2",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.8630463,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "prefix1",
          "desc" : "beautiful girl you are beautiful so"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

max_expansions 參數(shù)理解 前綴查詢會(huì)非常的影響性能，要對(duì)結(jié)果集進(jìn)行限制温自，就加上這個(gè)參數(shù)玄货。
GET test2/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase_prefix": {
      "desc": {
        "query": "bea",
        "max_expansions":1
      }
    }
  }
}

4、match系列之multi_match（多字段查詢)

multi_match是要在多個(gè)字段中查詢同一個(gè)關(guān)鍵字 除此之外悼泌，mulit_match甚至可以當(dāng)做match_phrase和match_phrase_prefix使用松捉，只需要指定type類型即可
GET test2/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "beautiful",
      "fields": ["title","desc"]
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 43,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 0.39556286,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test2",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.39556286,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "prefix1",
          "desc" : "beautiful girl you are beautiful so"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test2",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "beautiful",
          "desc" : "I like basking on the beach"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
當(dāng)設(shè)置屬性 type:phrase 時(shí) 等同于 短語查詢
GET test1/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "中國",
      "fields": ["title"],
      "type": "phrase"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 47,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 0.5753642,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test1",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.5753642,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "中國是世界上人口最多的國家"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test1",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.5753642,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "北京是中國的首都"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
當(dāng)設(shè)置屬性 type:phrase_prefix時(shí) 等同于 最左前綴查詢
GET test2/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "bea",
      "fields": ["desc"],
      "type": "phrase_prefix"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 5,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 0.5753642,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test1",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.5753642,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "中國是世界上人口最多的國家"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test1",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.5753642,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "北京是中國的首都"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

match 查詢相關(guān)總結(jié)

1、match：返回所有匹配的分詞馆里。

2隘世、match_all：查詢?nèi)俊?/p>

3可柿、match_phrase：短語查詢，在match的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步查詢?cè)~組丙者，可以指定slop分詞間隔复斥。

4、match_phrase_prefix：前綴查詢械媒，根據(jù)短語中最后一個(gè)詞組做前綴匹配目锭，可以應(yīng)用于搜索提示，但注意和max_expanions搭配纷捞。其實(shí)默認(rèn)是50.......

5痢虹、multi_match：多字段查詢，使用相當(dāng)?shù)撵`活主儡，可以完成match_phrase和match_phrase_prefix的工作奖唯。

四、ES的排序查詢

es 6.8.4版本中缀辩，需要分詞的字段不可以直接排序臭埋，比如：text類型，如果想要對(duì)這類字段進(jìn)行排序臀玄，需要特別設(shè)置：對(duì)字段索引兩次，一次索引分詞（用于搜索）一次索引不分詞（用于排序）畅蹂，es默認(rèn)生成的text類型字段就是通過這樣的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)可排序的健无。
text類型字段排序問題

1.倒敘排序

GET test/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "age": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

排序結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 152,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : null,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangyang",
          "age" : 30,
          "desc" : "點(diǎn)在我心內(nèi)的幾首歌"
        },
        "sort" : [
          30
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : null,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangfei",
          "age" : 27,
          "desc" : "熱天還不讓后人不認(rèn)同"
        },
        "sort" : [
          27
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : null,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangjifei",
          "age" : 27,
          "desc" : "生活就像 茫茫海上"
        },
        "sort" : [
          27
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

2.升序排序

GET test/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "age": {
        "order": "asc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

五、ES的分頁查詢

from：從哪開始查 size：返回幾條結(jié)果
GET test/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase_prefix": {
      "name": "wang"
    }
  },
  "from": 0,
  "size": 1
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 3,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangfei",
          "age" : 27,
          "desc" : "熱天還不讓后人不認(rèn)同"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

六液斜、ES的bool查詢 (must累贤、should)

must (must字段對(duì)應(yīng)的是個(gè)列表，也就是說可以有多個(gè)并列的查詢條件少漆，一個(gè)文檔滿足各個(gè)子條件后才最終返回)

1.must單條件查詢

GET test/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
          "name": "wangfei"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangfei",
          "age" : 27,
          "desc" : "熱天還不讓后人不認(rèn)同"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

2.must多條件組合查詢

GET test/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "wanggfei"
          }
        },{
          "match": {
            "age": 25
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 21,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 0,
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  }
}

3.should (只要符合其中一個(gè)條件就返回)

GET test/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
          "name": "wangjifei"
        }
        },{
          "match": {
            "age": 27
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 34,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 1.287682,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.287682,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangjifei",
          "age" : 27,
          "desc" : "生活就像 茫茫海上"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangfei",
          "age" : 27,
          "desc" : "熱天還不讓后人不認(rèn)同"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

4.must_not 顧名思義

GET test/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must_not": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "wangjifei"
          }
        },{
          "match": {
            "age": 27
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 13,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangyang",
          "age" : 30,
          "desc" : "點(diǎn)在我心內(nèi)的幾首歌"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

5.filter(條件過濾查詢臼膏，過濾條件的范圍用range表示gt表示大于、lt表示小于示损、gte表示大于等于渗磅、lte表示小于等于)

GET test/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "wangjifei"
          }
        }
      ],
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "age": {
            "gte": 10,
            "lt": 27
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 33,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 0,
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  }
}

bool查詢總結(jié)

must：與關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫中的 and检访。

should：或關(guān)系始鱼，相當(dāng)于關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫中的 or。

must_not：非關(guān)系脆贵，相當(dāng)于關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫中的 not医清。

filter：過濾條件。

range：條件篩選范圍卖氨。

gt：大于会烙，相當(dāng)于關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫中的 >负懦。

gte：大于等于，相當(dāng)于關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫中的 >=柏腻。

lt：小于密似，相當(dāng)于關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫中的 <葫盼。

lte：小于等于残腌，相當(dāng)于關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫中的 <=。

七贫导、ES之查詢結(jié)果過濾

準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)
PUT test3/doc/1
{
  "name":"顧老二",
  "age":30,
  "from": "gu",
  "desc": "皮膚黑抛猫、武器長、性格直",
  "tags": ["黑", "長", "直"]
}
現(xiàn)在孩灯，在所有的結(jié)果中闺金，我只需要查看name和age兩個(gè)屬性,提高查詢效率
GET test3/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "顧"
    }
  },
  "_source": ["name","age"]
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 58,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test3",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "顧老二",
          "age" : 30
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

八、ES之查詢結(jié)果高亮顯示

ES的默認(rèn)高亮顯示
GET test3/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "顧老二"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "name": {}
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 216,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.8630463,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test3",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.8630463,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "顧老二",
          "age" : 30,
          "from" : "gu",
          "desc" : "皮膚黑峰档、武器長败匹、性格直",
          "tags" : [
            "黑",
            "長",
            "直"
          ]
        },
        "highlight" : {
          "name" : [
            "<em>顧</em><em>老</em><em>二</em>"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
ES自定義高亮顯示（在highlight中，pre_tags用來實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的自定義標(biāo)簽的前半部分讥巡，在這里掀亩，我們也可以為自定義的 標(biāo)簽添加屬性和樣式。post_tags實(shí)現(xiàn)標(biāo)簽的后半部分欢顷，組成一個(gè)完整的標(biāo)簽槽棍。至于標(biāo)簽中的內(nèi)容，則還是交給fields來完成）
GET test3/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "desc": "性格直"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "pre_tags": "<b class='key' style='color:red'>",
    "post_tags": "</b>",
    "fields": {
      "desc": {}
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 6,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.8630463,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test3",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.8630463,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "顧老二",
          "age" : 30,
          "from" : "gu",
          "desc" : "皮膚黑抬驴、武器長炼七、性格直",
          "tags" : [
            "黑",
            "長",
            "直"
          ]
        },
        "highlight" : {
          "desc" : [
            "皮膚黑、武器長布持、<b class='key' style='color:red'>性</b><b class='key' style='color:red'>格</b><b class='key' style='color:red'>直</b>"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

九豌拙、ES之精確查詢與模糊查詢

term查詢查找包含文檔精確的倒排索引指定的詞條。也就是精確查找题暖。

term和match的區(qū)別是：

match是經(jīng)過analyer的按傅，也就是說，文檔首先被分析器給處理了芙委。根據(jù)不同的分析器逞敷，分析的結(jié)果也稍顯不同，然后再根據(jù)分詞結(jié)果進(jìn)行匹配灌侣。

term則不經(jīng)過分詞推捐，它是直接去倒排索引中查找了精確的值了。

準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)
PUT w1
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "properties":{
        "t1":{
          "type": "text"
        },
        "t2": {
          "type": "keyword"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT w1/doc/1
{
  "t1": "hi single dog",
  "t2": "hi single dog"
}

對(duì)比兩者的不同 (結(jié)果就不展示出來了侧啼，只展示結(jié)果的文字?jǐn)⑹?
t1類型為text牛柒，會(huì)經(jīng)過分詞堪簿，match查詢時(shí)條件也會(huì)經(jīng)過分詞，所以下面兩種查詢都能查到結(jié)果

GET w1/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "t1": "hi single dog" 
    }
  }
}

GET w1/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "t1": "hi" 
    }
  }
}

t2類型為keyword類型皮壁，不會(huì)經(jīng)過分詞椭更，match查詢時(shí)條件會(huì)經(jīng)過分詞，所以只能當(dāng)值為"hi single dog"時(shí)能查詢到

GET w1/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "t2": "hi" 
    }
  }
}

GET w1/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "t2": "hi single dog" 
    }
  }
}

t1類型為text蛾魄，會(huì)經(jīng)過分詞虑瀑，term查詢時(shí)條件不會(huì)經(jīng)過分詞，所以只有當(dāng)值為"hi"時(shí)能查詢到

GET w1/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "t1": "hi single dog" 
    }
  }
}

GET w1/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "t1": "hi" 
    }
  }
}

t2類型為keyword類型滴须，不會(huì)經(jīng)過分詞舌狗，term查詢時(shí)條件不會(huì)經(jīng)過分詞，所以只能當(dāng)值為"hi single dog"時(shí)能查詢到

GET w1/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "t2": "hi single dog" 
    }
  }
}

GET w1/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "t2": "hi" 
    }
  }
}

查找多個(gè)精確值（terms）

第一個(gè)查詢方式
GET test/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "term": {
            "age":27
          }
        },{
          "term":{
            "age":28
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}


第二個(gè)查詢方式
GET test/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms": {
      "age": [
        "27",
        "28"
      ]
    }
  }
}

兩種方式的查詢結(jié)果都是一下結(jié)果 
{
  "took" : 10,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangfei",
          "age" : 27,
          "desc" : "熱天還不讓后人不認(rèn)同"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangjifei",
          "age" : 27,
          "desc" : "生活就像 茫茫海上"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

第三個(gè)查詢方式-精確查數(shù)組-or
GET indexname/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms": {
          "images.keyword": [
            "2457741_58feb159-c7a1-4527-8af5-64e87b29b2c8.jpg"扔水，"xxxx"  // a or b查詢
          ]
        }
  }
}
索引中有個(gè)字段
"images" : [
        "2457741_58feb159-c7a1-4527-8af5-64e87b29b2c8.jpg"
      ],
字段的mapping設(shè)置
"images": {
      "type": "text",
      "fields": {
        "keyword": {
          "type": "keyword",
          "ignore_above": 256
        }
      }
    },

十痛侍、ES的聚合查詢avg、max魔市、min主届、sum

數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備
PUT zhifou/doc/1
{
  "name":"顧老二",
  "age":30,
  "from": "gu",
  "desc": "皮膚黑、武器長待德、性格直",
  "tags": ["黑", "長", "直"]
}

PUT zhifou/doc/2
{
  "name":"大娘子",
  "age":18,
  "from":"sheng",
  "desc":"膚白貌美君丁，嬌憨可愛",
  "tags":["白", "富","美"]
}

PUT zhifou/doc/3
{
  "name":"龍?zhí)灼?,
  "age":22,
  "from":"gu",
  "desc":"mmp，沒怎么看磅网，不知道怎么形容",
  "tags":["造數(shù)據(jù)", "真","難"]
}


PUT zhifou/doc/4
{
  "name":"石頭",
  "age":29,
  "from":"gu",
  "desc":"粗中有細(xì)谈截，狐假虎威",
  "tags":["粗", "大","猛"]
}

PUT zhifou/doc/5
{
  "name":"魏行首",
  "age":25,
  "from":"廣云臺(tái)",
  "desc":"仿佛兮若輕云之蔽月,飄飄兮若流風(fēng)之回雪,mmp，最后竟然沒有嫁給顧老二涧偷！",
  "tags":["閉月","羞花"]
}

GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

1、查詢from是gu的人的平均年齡毙死。

GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "from": "gu"
    }
  },
  "aggs": {
    "my_avg": {
      "avg": {
        "field": "age"
      }
    }
  },
  "_source": ["name", "age"]
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 83,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 0.6931472,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "zhifou",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.6931472,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "石頭",
          "age" : 29
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "zhifou",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "顧老二",
          "age" : 30
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "zhifou",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "龍?zhí)灼?,
          "age" : 22
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "aggregations" : {
    "my_avg" : {
      "value" : 27.0
    }
  }
}

上例中燎潮，首先匹配查詢from是gu的數(shù)據(jù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上做查詢平均值的操作扼倘，這里就用到了聚合函數(shù)确封，其語法被封裝在aggs中，而my_avg則是為查詢結(jié)果起個(gè)別名再菊，封裝了計(jì)算出的平均值爪喘。那么，要以什么屬性作為條件呢纠拔？是age年齡秉剑，查年齡的什么呢？是avg稠诲，查平均年齡侦鹏。
如果只想看輸出的值诡曙，而不關(guān)心輸出的文檔的話可以通過size=0來控制

GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "from": "gu"
      }
    },
    "aggs":{
      "my_avg":{
        "avg": {
          "field": "age"
        }
      }
    },
    "size":0,
    "_source":["name","age"]
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 35,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 0.0,
    "hits" : [ ]
  },
  "aggregations" : {
    "my_avg" : {
      "value" : 27.0
    }
  }
}

2、查詢年齡的最大值

GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "aggs": {
    "my_max": {
      "max": {
        "field": "age"
      }
    }
  },
  "size": 0, 
  "_source": ["name","age","from"]
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 10,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "max_score" : 0.0,
    "hits" : [ ]
  },
  "aggregations" : {
    "my_max" : {
      "value" : 30.0
    }
  }
}

3略水、查詢年齡的最小值

GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "aggs": {
    "my_min": {
      "min": {
        "field": "age"
      }
    }
  },
  "size": 0, 
  "_source": ["name","age","from"]
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 2,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "max_score" : 0.0,
    "hits" : [ ]
  },
  "aggregations" : {
    "my_min" : {
      "value" : 18.0
    }
  }
}

4价卤、查詢符合條件的年齡之和

GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "from": "gu"
    }
  },
    "aggs": {
    "my_sum": {
      "sum": {
        "field": "age"
      }
    }
  },
  "size": 0, 
  "_source": ["name","age","from"]
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 0.0,
    "hits" : [ ]
  },
  "aggregations" : {
    "my_sum" : {
      "value" : 81.0
    }
  }
}

十一、ES的分組查詢

需求： 要查詢所有人的年齡段渊涝，并且按照1520慎璧，2025,25~30分組，并且算出每組的平均年齡跨释。

GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
  "size": 0, 
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "aggs": {
    "age_group": {
      "range": {
        "field": "age",
        "ranges": [
          {
            "from": 15,
            "to": 20
          },
          {
            "from": 20,
            "to": 25
          },
          {
            "from": 25,
            "to": 30
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 9,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "max_score" : 0.0,
    "hits" : [ ]
  },
  "aggregations" : {
    "age_group" : {
      "buckets" : [
        {
          "key" : "15.0-20.0",
          "from" : 15.0,
          "to" : 20.0,
          "doc_count" : 1
        },
        {
          "key" : "20.0-25.0",
          "from" : 20.0,
          "to" : 25.0,
          "doc_count" : 1
        },
        {
          "key" : "25.0-30.0",
          "from" : 25.0,
          "to" : 30.0,
          "doc_count" : 2
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

上例中胸私，在aggs的自定義別名age_group中，使用range來做分組煤傍，field是以age為分組盖文，分組使用ranges來做，from和to是范圍
接下來蚯姆，我們就要對(duì)每個(gè)小組內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)做平均年齡處理五续。

GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
  "size": 0, 
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "aggs": {
    "age_group": {
      "range": {
        "field": "age",
        "ranges": [
          {
            "from": 15,
            "to": 20
          },
          {
            "from": 20,
            "to": 25
          },
          {
            "from": 25,
            "to": 30
          }
        ]
      },
      "aggs": {
        "my_avg": {
          "avg": {
            "field": "age"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "max_score" : 0.0,
    "hits" : [ ]
  },
  "aggregations" : {
    "age_group" : {
      "buckets" : [
        {
          "key" : "15.0-20.0",
          "from" : 15.0,
          "to" : 20.0,
          "doc_count" : 1,
          "my_avg" : {
            "value" : 18.0
          }
        },
        {
          "key" : "20.0-25.0",
          "from" : 20.0,
          "to" : 25.0,
          "doc_count" : 1,
          "my_avg" : {
            "value" : 22.0
          }
        },
        {
          "key" : "25.0-30.0",
          "from" : 25.0,
          "to" : 30.0,
          "doc_count" : 2,
          "my_avg" : {
            "value" : 27.0
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

ES的聚合查詢的總結(jié)：聚合函數(shù)的使用，一定是先查出結(jié)果龄恋，然后對(duì)結(jié)果使用聚合函數(shù)做處理

avg：求平均

max：最大值

min：最小值

sum：求和

十二疙驾、ES之Mappings
GET test

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "test" : {
    "aliases" : { },
    "mappings" : {
      "doc" : {
        "properties" : {
          "age" : {
            "type" : "long"
          },
          "desc" : {
            "type" : "text",
            "fields" : {
              "keyword" : {
                "type" : "keyword",
                "ignore_above" : 256
              }
            }
          },
          "name" : {
            "type" : "text",
            "fields" : {
              "keyword" : {
                "type" : "keyword",
                "ignore_above" : 256
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "settings" : {
      "index" : {
        "creation_date" : "1569133097594",
        "number_of_shards" : "5",
        "number_of_replicas" : "1",
        "uuid" : "AztO9waYQiyHvzP6dlk4tA",
        "version" : {
          "created" : "6080299"
        },
        "provided_name" : "test"
      }
    }
  }
}

由返回結(jié)果可以看到，分為兩大部分：
第一部分關(guān)于t1索引類型相關(guān)的郭毕，包括該索引是否有別名aliases它碎，然后就是mappings信息，
包括索引類型doc显押，各字段的詳細(xì)映射關(guān)系都收集在properties中扳肛。

另一部分是關(guān)于索引t1的settings設(shè)置。包括該索引的創(chuàng)建時(shí)間乘碑，主副分片的信息挖息，UUID等等。

1. mappings 是什么兽肤？
   • 映射就是在創(chuàng)建索引的時(shí)候套腹，有更多定制的內(nèi)容，更加的貼合業(yè)務(wù)場景资铡。
   • 用來定義一個(gè)文檔及其包含的字段如何存儲(chǔ)和索引的過程电禀。
2. 字段的數(shù)據(jù)類型
   • 簡單類型如文本（text）、關(guān)鍵字（keyword）笤休、日期（data）尖飞、整形（long）、雙精度
     （double）、布爾（boolean）或ip葫松。
   • 可以是支持JSON的層次結(jié)構(gòu)性質(zhì)的類型瓦糕，如對(duì)象或嵌套∫该矗或者一種特殊類型咕娄，如geo_point、geo_shape或completion珊擂。為了不同的目的圣勒，
     以不同的方式索引相同的字段通常是有用的。例如摧扇，字符串字段可以作為全文搜索的文本字段進(jìn)行索引圣贸，
     也可以作為排序或聚合的關(guān)鍵字字段進(jìn)行索引】富或者吁峻，可以使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分析器、英語分析器和
     法語分析器索引字符串字段在张。這就是多字段的目的用含。大多數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)類型通過fields參數(shù)支持多字段。
     一個(gè)簡單的映射示例

   PUT mapping_test
       {
         "mappings": {
           "test1":{
             "properties":{
               "name":{"type": "text"},
               "age":{"type":"long"}
             }
           }
         }
       }
   

我們?cè)趧?chuàng)建索引PUT mapping_test1的過程中帮匾，為該索引定制化類型（設(shè)計(jì)表結(jié)構(gòu)）啄骇，添加一個(gè)映射類型test1；指定字段或者屬性都在properties內(nèi)完成瘟斜。
GET mapping_test

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "mapping_test" : {
    "aliases" : { },
    "mappings" : {
      "test1" : {
        "properties" : {
          "age" : {
            "type" : "long"
          },
          "name" : {
            "type" : "text"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "settings" : {
      "index" : {
        "creation_date" : "1570794586526",
        "number_of_shards" : "5",
        "number_of_replicas" : "1",
        "uuid" : "P4-trriPTxq-nJj89iYXZA",
        "version" : {
          "created" : "6080299"
        },
        "provided_name" : "mapping_test"
      }
    }
  }
}

返回的結(jié)果中你肯定很熟悉缸夹！映射類型是test1，具體的屬性都被封裝在properties中螺句。

3. ES mappings之dynamic的三種狀態(tài)

一般的虽惭，mapping則又可以分為動(dòng)態(tài)映射（dynamic mapping）和靜態(tài)（顯示）映射（explicit mapping）和精確（嚴(yán)格）映射（strict mappings），具體由dynamic屬性控制蛇尚。默認(rèn)為動(dòng)態(tài)映射
默認(rèn)為動(dòng)態(tài)映射
PUT test4
{
"mappings": {
"doc":{
"properties": {
"name": {
"type": "text"
},
"age": {
"type": "long"
}
}
}
}
}

GET test4/_mapping
查詢結(jié)果
{
  "test4" : {
    "mappings" : {
      "doc" : {
        "properties" : {
          "age" : {
            "type" : "long"
          },
          "name" : {
            "type" : "text"
          },
          "sex" : {
            "type" : "text",
            "fields" : {
              "keyword" : {
                "type" : "keyword",
                "ignore_above" : 256
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

添加數(shù)據(jù)
PUT test4/doc/1
{
  "name":"wangjifei",
  "age":"18",
  "sex":"不詳"
}

查看數(shù)據(jù)
GET test4/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 8,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test4",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangjifei",
          "age" : "18",
          "sex" : "不詳"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

測試靜態(tài)映射：當(dāng)elasticsearch察覺到有新增字段時(shí)趟妥，因?yàn)閐ynamic:false的關(guān)系，會(huì)忽略該字段佣蓉，但是仍會(huì)存儲(chǔ)該字段。

創(chuàng)建靜態(tài)mapping
PUT test5
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc":{
      "dynamic":false,
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "text"
        },
        "age": {
          "type": "long"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

插入數(shù)據(jù)
PUT test5/doc/1
{
  "name":"wangjifei",
  "age":"18",
  "sex":"不詳"
}

條件查詢
GET test5/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "sex": "不詳"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 9,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 0,
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  }
}

查看所有數(shù)據(jù)
GET /test5/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test5",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangjifei",
          "age" : "18",
          "sex" : "不詳"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

測試嚴(yán)格映射：當(dāng)elasticsearch察覺到有新增字段時(shí)亲雪，因?yàn)閐ynamic:strict 的關(guān)系勇凭，就會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)，不能插入成功义辕。

創(chuàng)建嚴(yán)格mapping
PUT test6
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc":{
      "dynamic":"strict",
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "text"
        },
        "age": {
          "type": "long"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

插入數(shù)據(jù)
PUT test6/doc/1
{
  "name":"wangjifei",
  "age":"18",
  "sex":"不詳"
}

插入結(jié)果
{
  "error": {
    "root_cause": [
      {
        "type": "strict_dynamic_mapping_exception",
        "reason": "mapping set to strict, dynamic introduction of [sex] within [doc] is not allowed"
      }
    ],
    "type": "strict_dynamic_mapping_exception",
    "reason": "mapping set to strict, dynamic introduction of [sex] within [doc] is not allowed"
  },
  "status": 400
}

小結(jié)：

動(dòng)態(tài)映射（dynamic：true）：動(dòng)態(tài)添加新的字段（或缺氏罕辍）。

靜態(tài)映射（dynamic：false）：忽略新的字段灌砖。在原有的映射基礎(chǔ)上璧函，當(dāng)有新的字段時(shí)傀蚌，不會(huì)主動(dòng)的添加新的映射關(guān)系，只作為查詢結(jié)果出現(xiàn)在查詢中蘸吓。

嚴(yán)格模式（dynamic：strict）：如果遇到新的字段善炫，就拋出異常。一般靜態(tài)映射用的較多库继。就像HTML的img標(biāo)簽一樣箩艺，src為自帶的屬性，你可以在需要的時(shí)候添加id或者class屬性宪萄。當(dāng)然艺谆，如果你非常非常了解你的數(shù)據(jù)，并且未來很長一段時(shí)間不會(huì)改變拜英，strict不失為一個(gè)好選擇静汤。

4. ES之mappings的 index 屬性

index屬性默認(rèn)為true，如果該屬性設(shè)置為false居凶，那么虫给，elasticsearch不會(huì)為該屬性創(chuàng)建索引，也就是說無法當(dāng)做主查詢條件排监。

PUT test7
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "text",
          "index": true
        },
        "age": {
          "type": "long",
          "index": false
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

插入數(shù)據(jù)
PUT test7/doc/1
{
  "name":"wangjifei",
  "age":18
}

條件查詢數(shù)據(jù)
GET test7/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "wangjifei"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 18,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test7",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangjifei",
          "age" : 18
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

條件查詢
GET test7/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "age": 18
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "error": {
    "root_cause": [
      {
        "type": "query_shard_exception",
        "reason": "failed to create query: {\n  \"match\" : {\n    \"age\" : {\n      \"query\" : 18,\n      \"operator\" : \"OR\",\n      \"prefix_length\" : 0,\n      \"max_expansions\" : 50,\n      \"fuzzy_transpositions\" : true,\n      \"lenient\" : false,\n      \"zero_terms_query\" : \"NONE\",\n      \"auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query\" : true,\n      \"boost\" : 1.0\n    }\n  }\n}",
        "index_uuid": "fzN9frSZRy2OzinRjeMKGA",
        "index": "test7"
      }
    ],
    "type": "search_phase_execution_exception",
    "reason": "all shards failed",
    "phase": "query",
    "grouped": true,
    "failed_shards": [
      {
        "shard": 0,
        "index": "test7",
        "node": "INueKtviRpO1dbNWngcjJA",
        "reason": {
          "type": "query_shard_exception",
          "reason": "failed to create query: {\n  \"match\" : {\n    \"age\" : {\n      \"query\" : 18,\n      \"operator\" : \"OR\",\n      \"prefix_length\" : 0,\n      \"max_expansions\" : 50,\n      \"fuzzy_transpositions\" : true,\n      \"lenient\" : false,\n      \"zero_terms_query\" : \"NONE\",\n      \"auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query\" : true,\n      \"boost\" : 1.0\n    }\n  }\n}",
          "index_uuid": "fzN9frSZRy2OzinRjeMKGA",
          "index": "test7",
          "caused_by": {
            "type": "illegal_argument_exception",
            "reason": "Cannot search on field [age] since it is not indexed."
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "status": 400
}

5. ES 之 mappings 的copy_to屬性

PUT test8
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "dynamic":false,
      "properties": {
        "first_name":{
          "type": "text",
          "copy_to": "full_name"
        },
        "last_name": {
          "type": "text",
          "copy_to": "full_name"
        },
        "full_name": {
          "type": "text"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

插入數(shù)據(jù)
PUT test8/doc/1
{
  "first_name":"tom",
  "last_name":"ben"
}
PUT test8/doc/2
{
  "first_name":"john",
  "last_name":"smith"
}

查詢所有
GET test8/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test8",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "john",
          "last_name" : "smith"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test8",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "tom",
          "last_name" : "ben"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

條件查詢
GET test8/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "first_name": "tom"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 2,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test8",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "tom",
          "last_name" : "ben"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

條件查詢
GET test8/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "full_name": "ben"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 3,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test8",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "tom",
          "last_name" : "ben"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

上例中狰右，我們將first_name和last_name都復(fù)制到full_name中。并且使用full_name查詢也返回了結(jié)果
既要查詢tom還要查詢smith該怎么辦舆床？

GET test8/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "full_name": {
        "query": "tom smith",
        "operator": "or"
      }
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 3,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test8",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "john",
          "last_name" : "smith"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test8",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "tom",
          "last_name" : "ben"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

operator參數(shù)為多個(gè)條件的查詢關(guān)系也可以是and
上面的查詢還可以簡寫成一下：
GET test8/doc/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"full_name": "tom smith"
}
}
}
copy_to還支持將相同的屬性值復(fù)制給不同的字段棋蚌。

PUT test9
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "dynamic":false,
      "properties": {
        "first_name":{
          "type": "text",
          "copy_to": ["full_name1","full_name2"]
        },
        "last_name": {
          "type": "text",
          "copy_to": ["full_name1","full_name2"]
        },
        "full_name1": {
          "type": "text"
        },
        "full_name2":{
          "type":"text"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

插入數(shù)據(jù)
PUT test9/doc/1
{
  "first_name":"tom",
  "last_name":"ben"
}

PUT test9/doc/2
{
  "first_name":"john",
  "last_name":"smith"
}

條件查詢
GET test9/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "full_name1": "tom smith"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 7,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test9",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "john",
          "last_name" : "smith"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test9",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "tom",
          "last_name" : "ben"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

條件查詢
GET test9/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "full_name2": "tom smith"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 7,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test9",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "john",
          "last_name" : "smith"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "test9",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "tom",
          "last_name" : "ben"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

full_name1 full_name2兩個(gè)字段都可以查出來

6. ES 之mappings的對(duì)象屬性

首先先看看ES自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建的mappings

PUT test10/doc/1
{
  "name":"wangjifei",
  "age":18,
  "info":{
    "addr":"北京",
    "tel":"18500327026"
  }
}

GET test10

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "test10" : {
    "aliases" : { },
    "mappings" : {
      "doc" : {
        "properties" : {
          "age" : {
            "type" : "long"
          },
          "info" : {
            "properties" : {
              "addr" : {
                "type" : "text",
                "fields" : {
                  "keyword" : {
                    "type" : "keyword",
                    "ignore_above" : 256
                  }
                }
              },
              "tel" : {
                "type" : "text",
                "fields" : {
                  "keyword" : {
                    "type" : "keyword",
                    "ignore_above" : 256
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          "name" : {
            "type" : "text",
            "fields" : {
              "keyword" : {
                "type" : "keyword",
                "ignore_above" : 256
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "settings" : {
      "index" : {
        "creation_date" : "1570975011394",
        "number_of_shards" : "5",
        "number_of_replicas" : "1",
        "uuid" : "YvMGDHxkSri0Lgx6GGXiNw",
        "version" : {
          "created" : "6080299"
        },
        "provided_name" : "test10"
      }
    }
  }
}

現(xiàn)在如果要以info中的tel為條件怎么寫查詢語句呢？

GET test10/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "info.tel": "18500327026"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 5,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test10",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangjifei",
          "age" : 18,
          "info" : {
            "addr" : "北京",
            "tel" : "18500327026"
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

info既是一個(gè)屬性挨队，也是一個(gè)對(duì)象谷暮，我們稱為info這類字段為對(duì)象型字段。該對(duì)象內(nèi)又包含addr和tel兩個(gè)字段盛垦，如上例這種以嵌套內(nèi)的字段為查詢條件的話湿弦，查詢語句可以以字段點(diǎn)子字段的方式來寫即可

7. ES之mappings的settings 設(shè)置

在創(chuàng)建一個(gè)索引的時(shí)候，我們可以在settings中指定分片信息：

PUT test11
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "text"
        }
      }
    }
  }, 
  "settings": {
    "number_of_replicas": 1,
    "number_of_shards": 5
  }
}

number_of_shards是主分片數(shù)量（每個(gè)索引默認(rèn)5個(gè)主分片）腾夯，而number_of_replicas是復(fù)制分片颊埃，默認(rèn)一個(gè)主分片搭配一個(gè)復(fù)制分片。

8. ES 之mappings的ignore_above參數(shù)

ignore_above參數(shù)僅針對(duì)于keyword類型有用

這樣設(shè)置是會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)的
PUT test12
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "text",
          "ignore_above":5
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

顯示結(jié)果
{
  "error": {
    "root_cause": [
      {
        "type": "mapper_parsing_exception",
        "reason": "Mapping definition for [name] has unsupported parameters:  [ignore_above : 5]"
      }
    ],
    "type": "mapper_parsing_exception",
    "reason": "Failed to parse mapping [doc]: Mapping definition for [name] has unsupported parameters:  [ignore_above : 5]",
    "caused_by": {
      "type": "mapper_parsing_exception",
      "reason": "Mapping definition for [name] has unsupported parameters:  [ignore_above : 5]"
    }
  },
  "status": 400
}
正確的打開方式
PUT test12
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "keyword",
          "ignore_above":5
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT test12/doc/1
{
  "name":"wangjifei"
}

這樣查詢能查出結(jié)果
GET test12/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test12",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wangjifei"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}


這樣查詢不能查詢出結(jié)果
GET test12/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "wangjifei"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 0,
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  }
}

上面的例子證明超過ignore_above設(shè)定的值后會(huì)被存儲(chǔ)但不會(huì)建立索引
那么如果字符串的類型是text時(shí)能用ignore_above嗎蝶俱，答案是能班利，但要特殊設(shè)置：

PUT test13
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc":{
      "properties":{
        "name1":{
          "type":"keyword",
          "ignore_above":5
        },
        "name2":{
          "type":"text",
          "fields":{
            "keyword":{
              "type":"keyword",
              "ignore_above": 10
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT test13/doc/1
{
  "name1":"wangfei",
  "name2":"wangjifei hello"
}

能查出來
GET test13/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test13",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name1" : "wangfei",
          "name2" : "wangjifei hello"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

通過name1 字段查不出來，因?yàn)樵O(shè)置的是keyword類型 限制了5個(gè)字符的長度榨呆，

存儲(chǔ)的值超過了最大限制
GET test13/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name1": "wangfei"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 2,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 0,
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  }
}

通過name2 字段能查出來罗标，雖然限制了5個(gè)字符的長度，存儲(chǔ)的值超過了最大限制，

但是闯割，字段類型設(shè)置為text之后彻消，ignore_above參數(shù)的限制就失效了。（了解就好宙拉，意義不大）

GET test13/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name2": "wangjifei"
    }
  }
}

查詢結(jié)果
{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "test13",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "name1" : "wangfei",
          "name2" : "wangjifei hello"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}