該內(nèi)容有網(wǎng)上參考怎囚，及轉(zhuǎn)載搀玖，如有侵權聯(lián)系刪除酝润。

Cure.

When it comes to cancer, the word 'cure' is a tricky one.Oncologists are usually hesitant to say that someone is cured of cancer, because there is always a chance the cancer can come back.Even if all the cancer seems to be gone, there may be some undetected cells still in the body. These cells can multiply over time and lead to relapse.

If someone is described as cured, it usually means that he or she has been cancer-free for at least five years.

治愈休雌。

談到癌癥假瞬，“治愈”這個詞是一個棘手的問題镶苞。腫瘤科醫(yī)生通常會猶豫是否有人從癌癥中被治愈喳坠，因為癌癥總是有可能復發(fā)。即使所有的癌癥似乎都消失了 茂蚓，身體中可能還有一些未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的細胞壕鹉。 這些細胞會隨著時間的推移而繁殖并導致復發(fā)剃幌。

如果某人被描述為治愈，通常意味著他或她已經(jīng)無癌癥至少五年晾浴。

Progressive disease.

Progressive disease is defined in clinical trials as tumor growth of more than 20 percent since treatment began.Tumor growth means that the tumor is getting bigger, but it may also mean that the tumor is spreading.Progression generally indicates that treatment has stopped working.The bottom line is that your cancer is getting worse.

病情進展负乡。

病情進展在臨床試驗中被定義為自治療開始以來腫瘤生長超過20％。腫瘤生長意味著腫瘤變大脊凰，但也可能意味著腫瘤正在擴散抖棘。進展通常表明治療已經(jīng)停止起效。 最重要的是狸涌，你的癌癥正在惡化切省。

Recurrence or relapse.

If your doctor tells you that you are experiencing a recurrence, or relapse, of cancer, this means that cancer you thought had been successfully treated has now returned. The cancer may have returned in its original location, or it may be in a new location.Even if you are in remission — that is, your cancer seems to have disappeared — some cancer cells may still be present, and they can multiply over time. A recurrence, or relapse, may not be detected until tests identify these cells.

復發(fā)。

如果您的醫(yī)生告訴您帕胆，您正在經(jīng)歷癌癥的復發(fā)朝捆，這意味著被認為成功治療的癌癥現(xiàn)已恢復。 癌癥可能已經(jīng)在其原始位置返回惶楼，或者出現(xiàn)在新的位置右蹦。即使您處于緩解期 - 也就是說，您的癌癥似乎已經(jīng)消失一些癌細胞可能仍然存在歼捐，并且它們可以隨著時間的推移而倍增何陆。 在識別這些細胞之前，可能無法檢測到復發(fā)或復發(fā)豹储。

Refractory cancer or resistant cancer.

For many reasons, cancer may not respond to treatment. Some cancer cells have ways of defending themselves against chemotherapy drugs, biological agents and/or radiation therapy. In such cases, the cancer is termed refractory. Refractory cancer may shrink, but not to the point where the treatment is determined to be effective. In most cases, the tumor stays the same size it was before treatment (stable disease) or it grows (progressive disease).

難治性癌癥或耐藥性癌癥贷盲。

由于許多原因，治療可能對癌癥無效剥扣。 一些癌細胞具有抵抗化療藥物巩剖，生物制劑和/或放射療法的方法。 在這種情況下钠怯，癌癥被稱為難治性的佳魔。 難治性癌癥可能會縮小，但不會達到確定治療有效的程度晦炊。 在大多數(shù)情況下鞠鲜，腫瘤保持與治療前相同的大小（疾病穩(wěn)定）或其生長（病情進展）断国。

Complete remission or complete response.

After your cancer has been treated, your doctor will do some tests to see if any cancer cells are still present in your body. If your doctor can't find any cancer cells over the course of six months, you are thought to be in remission (a situation also known as a complete remission or a complete response). This does not mean the cancer has disappeared completely. It means only that no cells have been found after testing.

Remission may last for many years or for less than one year.You should continue to follow up with your doctor and get tested regularly to see if any cancer cells remain in your body.

完全緩解贤姆。

治療癌癥后，醫(yī)生會做一些檢測稳衬，看看您體內(nèi)是否還有癌細胞霞捡。 如果您的醫(yī)生在六個月內(nèi)找不到任何癌細胞，您被認為處于緩解期（這種情況也稱為完全緩解或完全緩解）薄疚。 這并不意味著癌癥已完全消失碧信。 這只意味著檢測后發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有細胞赊琳。

緩解可能持續(xù)多年或不到一年。您應該繼續(xù)跟進您的醫(yī)生并定期接受檢查音婶，看看是否有任何癌細胞殘留在您體內(nèi)慨畸。

Partial remission, or partial response.

A partial remission, or partial response, indicates there has been a decrease in tumor size, or in the extent of cancer in the body,after treatment. The definition of 'partial' is different for every cancer. In most cases it means tumors must be reduced by more than 50 percent—and stay that way for at least six months after treatment. But in clinical trials,new guidelines define a partial response as a reduction in tumor size of at least 30 percent.

部分緩解。

部分緩解表明治療后腫瘤大小或體內(nèi)癌癥程度有所下降衣式。 “部分”的定義對于每種癌癥都是不同的寸士。 在大多數(shù)情況下，它意味著腫瘤必須減少50％以上 - 并且在治療后至少保持6個月碴卧。 在臨床試驗中弱卡，新指南將部分反應定義為腫瘤大小減少至少30％。

Stable disease.

A tumor may shrink,but not enough to be categorized as a partial response (that is, tumor reduction greater than 50 percent). Or a tumor may increase in size, but not enough to be considered progressive disease (that is, tumor growth greater than 20 percent). Such tumors, in which there is no significant change in size, are classified as stable disease.

疾病穩(wěn)定住册。

腫瘤可能縮小婶博，但不足以被歸類為部分緩解。 或者腫瘤的大小可能會增加荧飞，但不足以被視為疾病進展凡人。 這種腫瘤在大小上沒有顯著變化，被歸類為穩(wěn)定疾病叹阔。（可理解為腫瘤緩慢增長）

Disease-free survival.

Disease-free survival is the length of time after treatment that a person experiences a complete remission (in which cancer is not detectable in the body). Disease-free survival can also refer to the percentage of people who experience complete remission for a certain time period. For example, if a cancer treatment results in 70 percent disease-free survival over five years, seven out of every 10 people were in complete remission for five years after treatment.

無病生存期挠轴。

無病生存期是指治療后患者完全緩解（在體內(nèi)無法檢測到癌癥）的時間長度。 無病生存也可以指在一段時間內(nèi)完全緩解的人的百分比耳幢。 例如岸晦，如果癌癥治療五年內(nèi)無病生存率是70％，那么每10個人中有7個在治療后五年內(nèi)完全緩解睛藻。

Disease-specific survival.

Disease-specific survival tells you the proportion of people with a type of cancer who did not die of the cancer after a specific time period. These people may still be alive, or they may have died of some other cause. For example, a 60 percent disease-specific survival for a certain type of cancer means that 40 percent of the people with that cancer died of the cancer, and 60 percent either are alive or died of some other cause.

疾病特異性生存期启上。

疾病特異性生存率告訴您在特定時間段后患有某種癌癥并且未死于癌癥的人的比例。 這些人可能還活著店印，或者他們可能已經(jīng)死于其他原因冈在。 例如，某種類型癌癥的60％疾病特異性存活率意味著40％的癌癥患者死于癌癥按摘，60％的患者存活或死于某些其他原因讥邻。

Event-free survival.

This term is usually used only in clinical trials.It refers to the length of time after treatment that a person remains free of certain negative events, which can include the following:

Severe treatment side effects

Cancer recurrence or progression

Death (from treatment side effects or from the cancer itself)

The negative events used to calculate event-free survival can vary. They are usually determined by the type of clinical trial conducted.

無事件生存期。

該術語通常僅用于臨床試驗院峡。它指的是治療后一個人沒有任何負面事件的時間長度，包括以下內(nèi)容：

嚴重的治療副作用

癌癥復發(fā)或進展

死亡（來自治療副作用或來自癌癥本身）

用于計算無事件生存的負面事件可能有所不同系宜。 它們通常取決于所進行的臨床試驗的類型照激。

Progression-free survival.

This term defines the length of time during and after treatment that the cancer does not grow. Progression-free survival includes the amount of time patients have experienced a complete response or a partial response, as well as the amount of time patients have experienced stable disease.

無進展生存期。

該術語定義了治療期間和之后癌癥不會生長的時間長度盹牧。 無進展生存包括患者經(jīng)歷完全緩解或部分緩解的時間量俩垃，以及患者經(jīng)歷疾病穩(wěn)定的時間量励幼。(CR+PR+stable disease)

Relative survival.

Relative survival reflects the expected amount of time a person with a particular disease will live, compared with people the same age who do not have that disease. Relative survival gives you an idea of how much a particular disease is expected to shorten your life.

Relative survival is often expressed as the percent of people with the disease who survive five years, divided by the percent of the general population who will be alive at the end of those five years. For example, the five-year relative survival for breast cancer is 86 percent. Therefore, the proportion of women with breast cancer who are alive five years after diagnosis is 86 percent of the proportion of the general population who are alive five years later. Put another way, five years after diagnosis, the population of women with breast cancer has 14 percent fewer survivors than the general population does, or the chance of a woman being alive five years after a breast cancer diagnosis is 14 percent lower than it is for all women.

Relative survival is usually calculated for specific stages of cancer. Stages reflect how large a tumor is, whether or not it can be surgically removed and whether it has spread to lymph nodes, bone or other organs at the time of diagnosis. This is an informative way to present information, because survival is higher when cancer is diagnosed early than when cancer is diagnosed after it has spread (metastasized).

For example, the overall five-year relative survival for people with lung cancer is 15 percent, but for people with lung cancer that has not spread outside the

lung, it is 48 percent. (In contrast, survival for people diagnosed after their lung cancer has spread outside the lung is only 3 percent.)

Relative survival considers only deaths from the cancer and not other deaths (from accidents, heart disease, secondary cancers or other causes).

相對生存期。

與不患有該疾病的同齡人相比口柳，相對生存率反映了患有特定疾病的人預期的生存時間苹粟。 相對生存率可以讓您了解特定疾病如何影響人的生命。

Total survival or Overall Survival

Total survival reflects the expected amount of time a person will live before dying of any cause. Total survival reflects the risk of dying from a specific cancer, plus the risk of dying from any other cause (an accident or another disease, for example). Cancer experts calculate total survival to determine the additional years of life lost as a consequence of having cancer. This has a major impact on choosing treatment.

For example, a 90 year old man with a small colon cancer is much more likely to die of another cause other than colon cancer. So surgery to remove the colon cancer may not be indicated. But a 55 year old with a cancerous colon polyp has a significant risk of dying from metastatic colon cancer if the polyp is not completely removed.

總生存期跃闹。

總生存期反映了一個人在死于任何原因之前的預期生存時間嵌削。 癌癥患者總生存率反映了死于特定癌癥的風險，以及死于任何其他原因（例如事故或其他疾餐铡）的風險苛秕。 癌癥專家計算總生存期，以確定因患癌癥而導致的額外生命損失年數(shù)找默。 這對選擇治療有重大影響艇劫。