發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)單詞：jubilee纳猫，原來在天主教里面7年為一個(gè)安息年（shmita），7個(gè)7年以后便有一個(gè)禧年（jubilee），7*7+1=50屯伞，所以2000年會(huì)被稱為千禧年，下一個(gè)禧年是2050年

The Jubilee year is the year at the end of seven cycles of shmita (Sabbatical years), and according to Biblical regulations had a special impact on the ownership and management of land in the Land of Israel; there is some debate whether it was the 49th year (the last year of seven sabbatical cycles, referred to as the Sabbath's Sabbath), or whether it was the following (50th) year. Jubilee deals largely with land, property, and property rights. According to Leviticus, slaves and prisoners would be freed, debts would be forgiven, and the mercies of God would be particularly manifest.

動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)（-ing）和過去時(shí)態(tài)（-id）都可以當(dāng)形容詞用豪直，他們的差別是：

• 以后綴 –ed結(jié)尾的形容詞（如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等）通常用于說明人劣摇，不用于說明事物，即使它們所修飾的名詞是事物弓乙，那它們指的也是與該事物相關(guān)的人末融。如：

He had a pleased smile on his face. 他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他聲音很激動(dòng)地告訴了我這個(gè)消息暇韧。

第一句中的a pleased smile 意為“滿意的微笑”勾习，它指的是某人因感到滿意發(fā)出的微笑；第二句中的 a very excited voice 指的是“很激動(dòng)的聲音”锨咙，即指的是某人因很激動(dòng)而發(fā)生那樣的聲音语卤。
原則上，-ed 形容詞通常直接用于說明人酪刀，若修飾事物粹舵，則多為 air(神態(tài)), appearance(外貌), cry(哭聲), face(表情), voice(聲音), mood(情緒)等顯示某人的情感狀況的名詞。

• 以后綴 -ing 結(jié)尾的形容詞(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于說明事物骂倘，表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征眼滤，若用它們說明人，則表示此人具有此性質(zhì)或特征历涝。
  如：

The story is very interesting. 這個(gè)故事很有趣诅需。
The man is very interesting. 這個(gè)人很有趣。

請?jiān)俦容^并體會(huì)以下句子：

He is frightened. 他很害怕荧库。
He is frightening. 他很嚇人堰塌。
He has a frightened look on his face. 他臉上帶有驚恐的神情。
He has a frightening look on his face. 他臉上帶有嚇人的神情分衫。
I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他臉上露出一種感興趣的表情场刑。
I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他臉上露出一種有趣的表情。

最近接觸心理學(xué)相關(guān)的單詞比較多蚪战，梳理一下這幾個(gè)意思比較接近的單詞：

• Consciousness（意識牵现，理性的思維層面本身上對事物的認(rèn)知）
• Awareness（覺察铐懊，感性的感官層面上對事物的認(rèn)識）
• Sensation（感受，反映的是由對象的各樣基礎(chǔ)屬性）
• Perception（知覺瞎疼，反映的是事物的意義科乎，對感覺屬性的概括，包含有思維的因素）
• Feeling（感覺贼急，是對客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)個(gè)別特性比如聲音茅茂、顏色、氣味等的反映）
• Insight（洞察竿裂，強(qiáng)調(diào)在沒有提醒的情況下對一個(gè)問題的突然的靈感）
• Intuition（直覺玉吁，強(qiáng)調(diào)在沒有充分的原因下做出的選擇或者判斷）
• Cognition（認(rèn)知，獲取知識的過程）

Consciousness is the state or quality of awareness, or, of being aware of an external object or something within oneself. It has been defined as: sentience, awareness, subjectivity, the ability to experience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind. Despite the difficulty in definition, many philosophers believe that there is a broadly shared underlying intuition about what consciousness is. As Max Velmans and Susan Schneider wrote in The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness: "Anything that we are aware of at a given moment forms part of our consciousness, making conscious experience at once the most familiar and most mysterious aspect of our lives."

Awareness is the ability to directly know and perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects, thoughts, emotions, or sensory patterns. In this level of consciousness, sense data can be confirmed by an observer without necessarily implying understanding. More broadly, it is the state or quality of being aware of something. In biological psychology, awareness is defined as a human's or an animal's perception and cognitive reaction to a condition or event.

Sensation腻异，in psychology, sensation and perception are stages of processing of the senses in human and animal systems, such as vision, auditory, vestibular, and pain senses. Included in this topic is the study of illusions such as motion aftereffect, color constancy, auditory illusions, and depth perception. In other words, sensations are the first stages in the functioning of senses to represent stimuli from the environment, and perception is a higher brain function about interpreting events and objects in the world. Stimuli from the environment are transformed into neural signals, which are then interpreted by the brain, through a process called transduction. Transduction is the physical process of converting stimuli into biological signals that may further influence the internal state of the organism, including the possible production of conscious awareness or perception.

Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment. All perception involves signals in the nervous system, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sense organs. For example, vision involves light striking the retina of the eye, smell is mediated by odor molecules, and hearing involves pressure waves. Perception is not the passive receipt of these signals, but is shaped by learning, memory, expectation, and attention

Feeling is the nominalization of the verb to feel. The word was first used in the English language to describe the physical sensation of touch through either experience or perception. The word is also used to describe experiences other than the physical sensation of touch, such as "a feeling of warmth" and of sentience in general. In psychology, the word is usually reserved for the conscious subjective experience of emotion. Phenomenology and heterophenomenology are philosophical approaches that provide some basis for knowledge of feelings. Many schools of psychotherapy depend on the therapist achieving some kind of understanding of the client's feelings, for which methodologies exist.

Insight is the understanding of a specific cause and effect in a specific context. An insight that manifests itself suddenly, such as understanding how to solve a difficult problem. In psychology, insight occurs when a solution to a problem presents itself quickly and without warning. It is the sudden discovery of the correct solution following incorrect attempts based on trial and error.

Intuition, a phenomenon of the mind, describes the ability to acquire knowledge without inference or the use of reason. Intuition is often interpreted with varied meaning from intuition being glimpses of greater knowledge to only a function of mind; however, processes by which and why they happen typically remain mostly unknown to the thinker, as opposed to the view of rational thinking.

Cognition is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses." It encompasses processes such as knowledge, attention, memory and working memory, judgment and evaluation, reasoning and "computation", problem solving and decision making, comprehension and production of language, etc. Human cognition is conscious and unconscious, concrete or abstract, as well as intuitive (like knowledge of a language) and conceptual (like a model of a language). Cognitive processes use existing knowledge and generate new knowledge.