美國(guó)
反疫苗運(yùn)動(dòng)：疾病肆虐续挟，美國(guó)還能堅(jiān)持嗎？
2019-02-13
今日導(dǎo)讀
疫苗接種一直以來(lái)都被認(rèn)為是預(yù)防傳染性疾病最有效的手段侥衬。而如今诗祸，美國(guó)越來(lái)越多的父母對(duì)疫苗產(chǎn)生恐懼和抗拒，甚至發(fā)展成一次次的“反疫苗運(yùn)動(dòng)”轴总。特朗普在推特上表示直颅，強(qiáng)制接種疫苗讓許多孩子患上了自閉癥。關(guān)于疫苗接種與自閉癥之間的聯(lián)系肘习，醫(yī)學(xué)界尚未定論际乘。但可以肯定的是，拒絕接種疫苗已經(jīng)讓麻疹這類傳染病再次肆虐漂佩。近日脖含，美國(guó)波特蘭附近一反疫苗地區(qū)就因麻疹爆發(fā)而進(jìn)入緊急狀況罪塔。讓我們跟著毛西老師一起看一下關(guān)于這則事件的報(bào)道。
帶著問題聽講解
Q1: 文中用了哪兩個(gè)詞表示“有傳染性的”养葵？
Q2: course 在文中是什么意思征堪？
Q3: 為什么美國(guó)會(huì)突然爆發(fā)麻疹疫情？試用英語(yǔ)描述关拒。
新聞?wù)?br>
An anti-vaccination 'hotspot' near Portland declares an emergency over measles outbreak
因麻疹爆發(fā)佃蚜，美國(guó)波特蘭附近一反疫苗的高危地區(qū)宣布緊急情況
A quickly escalating measles outbreak around Portland, Oregon, has led health officials in nearby Clark County, Washington, to declare a public health emergency.
因一場(chǎng)迅速升級(jí)的麻疹感染席卷了美國(guó)俄勒岡州的波特蘭地區(qū)，在該地區(qū)附近的華盛頓州克拉克縣內(nèi)着绊，健康官員宣布進(jìn)入公共健康緊急狀態(tài)谐算。
At the beginning of last week, there were only a handful of confirmed cases. On Friday, the day the emergency was declared, there were 19. The latest update came Tuesday, when county officials said they had confirmed 23 cases and were investigating two more suspected cases. The vast majority of those who have fallen ill had not been immunized.
上周伊始，只有少數(shù)確診案例归露。當(dāng)周五緊急狀態(tài)宣布時(shí)洲脂，已有 19 人確診。而根據(jù)周二最新的數(shù)據(jù)剧包，該縣官員稱他們確認(rèn)已有 23 例病患恐锦，并仍在調(diào)查兩個(gè)可疑案例。絕大多數(shù)病患未曾進(jìn)行過(guò)免疫接種疆液。
The outbreak makes concrete the fears of pediatric epidemiologists that a citadel of the movement against compulsory vaccination could be susceptible to the rapid spread of a potentially deadly disease.
此次疾病爆發(fā)一铅，證實(shí)了兒科流行病學(xué)家的擔(dān)憂。他們認(rèn)為堕油，反對(duì)強(qiáng)制免疫運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生的陣地潘飘，可能成為易致死疾病傳播的溫床。
State data shows that 7.9 percent of children in Clark County were exempted in the 2017-18 school year from vaccines required for kindergarten entry, which includes the two-dose course for measles that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says is 97 percent effective. Nationally, about 2 percent of children went without required immunization for nonmedical reasons.
該州數(shù)據(jù)顯示馍迄，克拉克縣有 7.9%的孩子在 2017-18 學(xué)年中沒有注射幼兒園入學(xué)時(shí)要求注射的疫苗福也，這其中就包括兩劑針對(duì)麻疹的藥物。美國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心表示這種藥物有效率高達(dá) 97%攀圈。全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)暴凑，約 2%的孩子因?yàn)榉轻t(yī)學(xué)的原因不接種強(qiáng)制疫苗。
Because measles is among the most highly contagious of all infectious diseases, it is bound to spring up in areas with low vaccination rates, according to Peter J. Hotez, a professor of pediatrics and dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston.
彼得·J·霍特茲是一名兒科學(xué)教授赘来，同時(shí)也是休斯敦貝勒醫(yī)學(xué)院國(guó)家熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)系的院長(zhǎng)现喳。他表示，因?yàn)槁檎钍撬袀魅静≈凶羁赡芡ㄟ^(guò)接觸傳染的犬辰，所以一定會(huì)在疫苗接種率低的地方迅速爆發(fā)嗦篱。
"This is something I've predicted for a while now," he said of the public health emergency in Clark County. "It's really awful and really tragic and totally preventable."
他談到克拉克縣的公共衛(wèi)生緊急情況時(shí)表示：“這是我之前就已經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)到的事。這很可怕幌缝，非常令人悲痛灸促，而且完全是可以預(yù)防的。”
—————? 文章來(lái)源 / 華盛頓郵報(bào)
重點(diǎn)詞匯
vaccination/?v?ks??ne??n/
n. 疫苗接種
e.g.
派生詞：vaccinate (v.); vaccine (n.)
搭配短語(yǔ)：sb. be vaccinated against sth.
hotspot/?hɑ?t spɑ?t/
n. 熱島浴栽；有重要活動(dòng)荒叼，或者非常危險(xiǎn)的地方
e.g.
搭配短語(yǔ)：the world's hot spots
measles/?mi?zlz/
n. 麻疹
e.g.
*更多講解見今日“知識(shí)卡片”
outbreak/?a?tbre?k/
n. 爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生
e.g.
例句：the outbreak of the Second World War
escalate/?esk?le?t/
v. 迅速增長(zhǎng)典鸡，不斷惡化
e.g.
例句：The fighting escalated into a full-scale war.
county/?ka?nti/
n. （英國(guó)被廓、愛爾蘭的）郡；（美國(guó)的）縣
a handful of
少量的
immunize/??mjuna?z/
v. （尤指通過(guò)注射疫苗）使免疫
e.g.
搭配短語(yǔ)：immunize sb. against sth.
例句：The vaccine is used to immunize children against measles.
詞義辨析
vaccinate, immunize
vaccinate 只指“注射疫苗”萝玷；而 immunize 所指不僅包括注射嫁乘，還涉及注射之后疫苗起效的免疫作用。
pediatric/?pi?di??tr?k/
adj. 小兒科的
e.g.
詞根詞綴：ped- 表“兒童的球碉，與兒童有關(guān)的”
派生詞：pedophile (n.); pediatrics (n.)
epidemiologist/?ep??di?mi?ɑ?l?d??st/
n. 流行病學(xué)家
e.g.
派生詞：epidemic (adj.); epidemiology (n.)
citadel/?s?t?d?l/
n. 堡壘, 要塞
compulsory/k?m?p?ls?ri/
adj. （因法律或規(guī)則而）必須做的蜓斧，強(qiáng)制的，強(qiáng)迫的
susceptible/s??sept?bl/
adj. 易受影響（或傷害等）的
e.g.
例句：He's highly susceptible to flattery.
例句：Some plants are more susceptible to frost damage.
exempt from
免除汁尺，豁免
e.g.
例句：The customers are exempt from all charges. (adj.)
搭配短語(yǔ)：be exempted from paying the tax (v.)
dose/do?s/
n. （藥的）一劑法精，一服
e.g.
英文釋義：an amount of a medicine or a drug that is taken once
course/k??rs/
n. （醫(yī)療、服藥等的）療程
contagious/k?n?te?d??s/
adj. （疾渤胀弧）接觸傳染的；（情緒狼荞，感覺）有感染力的
e.g.
搭配短語(yǔ)：a contagious laugh
infectious/?n?fek??s/
adj. （疾擦勺啊）傳染的；有感染力的
e.g.
例句：Flu is highly infectious.
搭配短語(yǔ)：an infectious laugh
詞義辨析
contagious, infectious
兩者都可以表示“疾病的傳染”和“有感染力”的意思相味。在表示“疾病傳染”時(shí)拾积，infectious 一般暗示疾病通過(guò)呼吸傳染的，contagious 則指通過(guò)接觸傳染的丰涉。
be bound to
很可能的拓巧，極有可能的
e.g.
例句：You've done so much work—you're bound to pass the exam.
spring up
迅速出現(xiàn)；突然興起
e.g.
英文釋義：to appear or develop quickly or suddenly
搭配短語(yǔ)：spring up like mushrooms
dean/di?n/
n. （大學(xué)的）學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)一死，系主任
拓展內(nèi)容
美國(guó)反疫苗運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起
自從 1963 年麻疹疫苗正式在美國(guó)批準(zhǔn)使用后肛度，幾十年間，大約有 1900 萬(wàn)兒童接受了免疫接種投慈，美國(guó)麻疹的發(fā)病率也大大降低承耿。大部分父母對(duì)于曾經(jīng)麻疹肆虐的狀況缺乏了解，加上不清楚疫苗接種會(huì)帶來(lái)的后果伪煤，不少人逐漸申請(qǐng)免除疫苗接種加袋，也開始有法案要求免除麻疹疫苗的強(qiáng)制注射。
1998 年抱既，英國(guó)腸胃病學(xué)家 Andrew Wakefield 聲稱麻疹疫苗會(huì)誘發(fā)自閉癥职烧。民眾間反疫苗的呼聲越來(lái)越高，許多明星也參與到反疫苗運(yùn)動(dòng)中來(lái)。
雖然“疫苗誘發(fā)自閉癥”的言論很快被證實(shí)為謠言蚀之，Wakefield 醫(yī)生也由于涉嫌文章造假而被吊銷了行醫(yī)執(zhí)照跋理，但民眾對(duì)于疫苗誘發(fā)癥的恐慌仍在蔓延。更有參議員提出：父母應(yīng)有是否注冊(cè)疫苗的選擇權(quán)恬总。
隨著反疫苗運(yùn)動(dòng)的盛行前普，美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心 2000 年宣布在美國(guó)徹底根除的麻疹，又在 15 年后卷土重來(lái)壹堰。麻疹疫苗接種的缺失正是疫情再度爆發(fā)的主要原因拭卿。
