Content:
Part I | Principles
1. The Transaction
2. Simplicity
3. Clutter (Writing clean English Sentence)
4. Style (Preserving your identity)
5. The audience (Who am I writing for)
6. Words (The only tools you’ve got)
7. Usage (What is good usage)
Part II | Methods
8. Unity (Anchor of good writing)
9. The lead and the ending
10. Bits and pieces
Part II | Forms
11. Nonfiction as Literature
12. Writing About People: The Interview
13. Writing About Places: The travel article
14. Writing About Yourself: The Memoir
15. Science and Technology
16. Business Writing:Writing in Your Job
17. Sports
18. Writing About the Arts Critics and Columnists
19. Humor
Part III |Attitudes
20. The Sound of Your Voice
21. Enjoyment, Fear and Confidence
22. The Tyranny of the Final Product
23. A Writer’s Decisions
24. Writing Family History and Memoir
25. Write as Well as You Can
Words and Expressions:
(友情提示:今天的單詞部分有點(diǎn)長……)
1. ...feel the first twinges of their own advancing age...
twinge既可以指身體也可以指心理上的劇痛，這里指的是心理上的不快。
1.N-COUNT (通常指不快的)一陣強(qiáng)烈情感
A twinge is a sudden sharp feeling or emotion, usually an unpleasant one.
【搭配模式】：with supp
I would have twinges of guilt occasionally…
我時(shí)而會(huì)感到陣陣內(nèi)疚劝评。
For a moment, Arnold felt a twinge of sympathy for Mr Wilson.
有一瞬間蛤奢，阿諾德對(duì)威爾遜先生心生同情往湿。
2.N-COUNT (一陣)劇痛像啼，刺痛
A twinge is a sudden sharp pain.
…the occasional twinge of indigestion.
消化不良引起的偶發(fā)性劇痛
2. do they suddenly want to know more about their family heritage and all its accretions of anecdote and lore.
1.N-COUNT 增加物;添加物
An accretion is an addition to something, usually one that has been added over a period of time.
【STYLE標(biāo)簽】：FORMAL 正式
The script has been gathering editorial accretions for years.
多年來該劇本一直在修改矢劲。
2.N-UNCOUNT 添加；累積
Accretion is the process of new layers or parts being added to something so that it increases in size.
【STYLE標(biāo)簽】：FORMAL 正式
A coral reef is built by the accretion of tiny, identical organisms.
珊瑚礁是由許多相同的微生物不斷堆積而成甸各。
3. My father, a businessman with no literary pretensions.
1.N-VAR 自命不凡垛贤；虛榮；矯飾
If you say that someone has pretensions, you disapprove of them because they claim or pretend that they are more important than they really are.
【語用信息】：disapproval
Her wide-eyed innocence soon exposes the pretensions of the art world...
她的天真爛漫很快就暴露了藝術(shù)界的矯揉造作趣倾。
2.N-UNCOUNT 聲稱聘惦；標(biāo)榜；自稱
If someone has pretensions to something, they claim to be or do that thing.
【搭配模式】：also N in pl
The city has unrealistic pretensions to world-class status...
這個(gè)城市不切實(shí)際地標(biāo)榜自己為國際都市儒恋。
4. He would assess the situation, pick a club out of the bag.
club常見的意思是俱樂部善绎，但這里表示“高爾夫球桿“。
1.N-COUNT 俱樂部;會(huì);社團(tuán)
A club is an organization of people interested in a particular activity or subject who usually meet on a regular basis.
...the Chorlton Conservative Club.
升爾頓保守黨俱樂部
He was club secretary.
他是俱樂部秘書诫尽。
2.N-COUNT 俱樂部會(huì)所禀酱；俱樂部活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所
A club is a place where the members of a club meet.
【搭配模式】：oft poss N
I stopped in at the club for a drink.
我順路到俱樂部喝了一杯。
3.N-COUNT 職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部
A club is a team which competes in sporting competitions.
...Liverpool football club.
利物浦足球俱樂部
4.N-COUNT 同 nightclub
A club is the same as a nightclub.
It's a big dance hit in the clubs.
這支舞曲在夜總會(huì)很火牧嫉。
5.N-COUNT (高爾夫球)球桿
A club is a long, thin, metal stick with a piece of wood or metal at one end that you use to hit the ball in golf.
...a six-iron club.
6號(hào)鐵桿
6.N-COUNT 大棒;棍棒
A club is a thick heavy stick that can be used as a weapon.
Men armed with knives and clubs attacked his home.
一群手持刀棒的人襲擊了他家剂跟。
7.VERB (用大棒等)狠狠地打,猛擊
To club a person or animal means to hit them hard with a thick heavy stick or a similar weapon.
【語法信息】：V n
【語法信息】：V n to n
Clubbing baby seals to death for their pelts is wrong.
為了獲得海豹皮而用棍棒打死幼海豹是不道德的。
8.N-UNCOUNT-COLL (紙牌中的)梅花
Clubs is one of the four suits in a pack of playing cards. Each card in the suit is marked with one or more black symbols: .
...the ace of clubs.
梅花A
A club is a playing card of this suit.(一張)梅花(牌)
The next player discarded a club.
下一個(gè)牌手打出一張梅花酣藻。
相關(guān)詞組：club together
5. He gave a copy, personally inscribed, to each of his three daughters.
1.VERB 寫;刻;雕
If you inscribe words on an object, you write or carve the words on the object.
【語法信息】：V nonn
【語法信息】：V-ed on/with n
【語法信息】：V-ed quote
Some galleries commemorate donors by inscribing their names on the walls...
一些美術(shù)館把捐贈(zèng)者的姓名鐫刻在墻上以示紀(jì)念曹洽。
...stone slabs inscribed with Buddhist texts.
鐫刻著佛經(jīng)的石板
2.VERB 題寫;題獻(xiàn);題贈(zèng)
If you inscribe something in the front of a book or on a photograph, you write it there, often before giving it to someone.
【語法信息】：V n
【語法信息】：V-ed quote
On the back I had inscribed the words: 'Here's to Great Ideas! John'...
在背后我題寫了這樣的話：“愿奇思妙想不絕！約翰”辽剧。
The book isinscribed: To John Arlott from Laurie Lee.
書的題贈(zèng)是：獻(xiàn)給約翰·阿洛特——?jiǎng)邴悺だ睢?/p>
6. In his family history my father didn’t dodge the central trauma of his childhood.
dodge最常見的用法恐怕是那個(gè)狗狗表情吧送淆。
1.VERB 閃開;躲開;避開
If you dodge, you move suddenly, often to avoid being hit, caught, or seen.
【語法信息】：V prep/adv
He dodged amongst the seething crowds of men...
他在川流不息的人群中東躲西閃。
2.VERB 閃身躲開;避開
If you dodge something, you avoid it by quickly moving aside or out of reach so that it cannot hit or reach you.
【語法信息】：V n
He desperately dodged a speeding car trying to run him down.
他拼命地閃身躲開一輛試圖撞倒他的疾馳的汽車抖仅。
3.VERB (常指用欺詐的方式故意)躲避坊夫，逃避
If you dodge something, you deliberately avoid thinking about it or dealing with it, often by being deceitful.
【語法信息】：V n
【搭配模式】：usu supp N
Many struggling firms are ready to break the law by dodging tax.
很多掙扎求生的企業(yè)不惜違法逃稅。
Dodge is also a noun.
This was not just a tax dodge.
這不僅僅是逃稅撤卢。
7.Their mother was the daughter of a self-made German immigrant.
ADJ 靠自己奮斗成功的;(尤指)白手起家的
Self-made is used to describe people who have become successful and rich through their own efforts, especially if they started life without money, education, or high social status.
【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n
He is as elf-made man.
他白手起家环凿。
...a self-made millionaire.
一個(gè)靠雙手打拼的百萬富翁
8.But she had the German penchant for telling people off.
看來愛訓(xùn)人的奶奶確實(shí)不太容易招人喜歡啊。
Tell off
PHRASAL VERB 斥責(zé);訓(xùn)斥;訓(xùn)誡
If you tell someone off, you speak to them angrily or seriously because they have done something wrong.
【語法信息】：V n P
【語法信息】：V n P for n/-ing
【語法信息】：V P n (not pron)
He never listened to us when we told him off...
我們教訓(xùn)他時(shí)放吩，他從來不聽智听。
I'm always being told off for being so awkward...
我笨手笨腳的，總挨訓(xùn)渡紫。
9.The result was an avalanche of memoirs that were little more than therapy.
1.N-COUNT 雪崩
An avalanche is a large mass of snow that falls down the side of a mountain.
2.N-SING 紛至沓來到推；蜂擁而至
You can refer to a very large quantity of things that all arrive or happen at the same time as an avalanche
of them.
【搭配模式】：usu Nofn
The newcomer was greeted with an avalanche of publicity.
新來者受到了廣泛的關(guān)注。
10.Writing was out and whining was in.
whining是whine的名詞形式惕澎。
whine
1.VERB 尖叫;哀號(hào);悲鳴
If something or someone whines, they make a long, high-pitched noise, especially one which sounds sad or unpleasant.
【語法信息】：V
【搭配模式】：usu sing
He could hear her dog barking and whining in the background...
他能聽見她的狗在暗處吠叫莉测、哀嚎。
Whine is also a noun.
...thewhineof air-raid sirens.
空襲警報(bào)器的鳴響
2.VERB （令人討厭地）抱怨;嘮叨
If you say that someone is whining, you mean that they are complaining in an annoying way about something unimportant.
【語法信息】：V about n/-ing
【語法信息】：V that
【語法信息】：V with quote
【語法信息】：V
【語法信息】：V-ing
【語用信息】：disapproval
They come to me to whine about their troubles.
他們到我這兒來不停地嘮叨他們的煩惱唧喉。
It's just a scratch. Stop whining.
只是刮了一道捣卤，別埋怨了忍抽。
...a pleading, whining voice.
哀求的咕噥聲
11.She regularly clipped columns and articles out of the paper.
clip在這里是動(dòng)詞，表示 (從報(bào)紙或雜志上)剪下董朝。
1.N-COUNT (金屬或塑料的)回形針鸠项，夾子
A clip is a small device, usually made of metal or plastic, that is specially shaped for holding things together.
She took theclipout of her hair.
她把發(fā)夾取了下來。
2.V-ERG (用夾子)夾住子姜，夾在一起
When you clip things together or when things clip together, you fasten them together using a clip or clips.
【語法信息】：V n to/on n
【語法信息】：V n prep/adv
【語法信息】：V to n
【語法信息】：V-ed
He clipped his safety belt to a fitting on the deck...
他把安全帶夾在甲板的一個(gè)固定裝置上祟绊。
3.N-COUNT (電影、廣播或電視節(jié)目的)剪輯哥捕，片段
A clip from a film or a radio or television programme is a short piece of it that is broadcast separately.
【搭配模式】：oft n N
...a clip from the movie 'Shane'.
電影《原野奇?zhèn)b》的一段剪輯
4.VERB (尤指為使某物成形而)修剪牧抽，剪
If you clip something, you cut small pieces from it, especially in order to shape it.
【語法信息】：V n
I saw an old man out clipping his hedge...
我看見一位老人在外面修剪樹籬。
Clip is also a noun.
Give hedges a last clip.
對(duì)樹籬進(jìn)行最后的修剪遥赚。
5.VERB (從報(bào)紙或雜志上)剪下
If you clip something out of a newspaper or magazine, you cut it out.
【語法信息】：V n from/out of n
Kids in his neighborhood clipped his picture from the newspaper and carried it around.
附近的孩子們從報(bào)紙上剪下他的照片阎姥，到哪兒都帶著。
6.VERB (意外地)斜撞鸽捻，側(cè)擊
If something clips something else, it hits it accidentally at an angle before moving off in a different direction.
【語法信息】：V n
The lorry clipped the rear of a tanker and then crashed into a second truck.
大貨車斜撞上一輛油罐車的尾部，接著又撞上了另一輛貨車泽腮。
7.N-COUNT (通常指作為懲罰的)耳光御蒲，抽打
If you give someone a clip round the ear, you hit their head fairly lightly with the palm of your hand, usually as a punishment.
The boy was later given a clip round the ear by his father.
后來男孩被父親打了一耳光。
8.VERB 削減诊赊，縮短（時(shí)間）
If you clip a small amount off the time taken to do something, you reduce it by that amount.
【語法信息】：V amount off/from n
Boardman finished in 1hr 43mins,clipping 49 seconds from his own course record.
博德曼完成全程用時(shí)1小時(shí)43分厚满，把自己的賽道紀(jì)錄縮短了49秒。
9.N-COUNT 彈夾;彈匣;彈倉
An ammunition clip is a metal container on an automatic weapon which holds ammunition.
【搭配模式】：oft n N
10.See also:clipping;clipped;bulldog clip;paper clip;
11.PHRASE 快速地碧磅；飛速地
If something moves or happens at a fast clip, it moves or happens quickly.
【搭配模式】：PHR after v
【STYLE標(biāo)簽】：INFORMAL 非正式
They moved out from the airport at a brisk clip...
他們迅速撤離機(jī)場(chǎng)碘箍。
12. Victorian writers had a taste for the ornate and didn’t consider brevity a virtue.
ADJ-GRADED 裝飾華麗的；修飾繁復(fù)的
An ornate building, piece of furniture, or object is decorated with complicated patterns or shapes.
...an ornate iron staircase.
裝飾華麗的鐵藝樓梯
...the big dining-room with its massive fireplace and ornate ceiling.
帶有巨大壁爐和華美天花板的寬敞餐廳
ornately
Eventually they reached a pair of ornately carved doors.
他們最終來到一扇雕刻精美的對(duì)開門前鲸郊。
維多利亞時(shí)期的寫作風(fēng)格丰榴，就是句子和單詞越復(fù)雜越好，導(dǎo)致好多詞不認(rèn)識(shí)秆撮，好多句子看不懂四濒。
感受一下：
Thoughts：
24章，zinser用自己沒有受過寫作訓(xùn)練的父親做例子职辨，講了怎么寫家庭傳記盗蟆。看完之后舒裤，覺得memoir for family的意義真的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過寫作這件事本身喳资，讓作者能夠以自己的視角，將回憶變成文字送給家人腾供，世界上還有比這更好的禮物么仆邓？
25章鲜滩，雖然標(biāo)題是 "write as well as you can"， 但后半章看下來更像 “fight as hard as you can”宏赘。
我對(duì)編輯最初的印象绒北，來自于小時(shí)候看到的一則軼事。講一個(gè)國外的知名作家察署，喜歡在手稿的底部用鉛筆畫一只小狗闷游。為此經(jīng)常和編輯發(fā)生爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)是要不要把小狗去掉贴汪。雖然作家每次都敗下陣來脐往，用橡皮擦掉了小狗，但依然樂此不疲扳埂。直到有一天有人問他:"既然每次都被要求擦掉业簿，何必要畫呢？"作家回答說"這樣阳懂，編輯就會(huì)去關(guān)注小狗梅尤，而不會(huì)動(dòng)我的文字了。"
以至于很長時(shí)間岩调，我都以為作家和編輯的關(guān)系是這樣的巷燥。
直到看了《麥克斯·珀金斯：天才們的編輯》，才意識(shí)到編輯也可以像zinser說的那樣号枕，" An editor’s hand must be invisible. Whatever he adds in his own words shouldn’t sound like his own words; they should sound like the writer’s words. "缰揪。
而編輯和作家的關(guān)系，雖然大多數(shù)情況下相愛相殺葱淳，但"Ideally the relationship between a writer and an editor should be one of negotiation and trust. "钝腺，可以有爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，但出發(fā)點(diǎn)都是為了作品本身更好赞厕。
能夠碰到好編輯艳狐，當(dāng)然是幸運(yùn)的事，但假如碰不到皿桑，就要像zinser那樣僵驰，捍衛(wèi)自己的作品，fight as hard as you can!
最后一章讀完了唁毒，撒花蒜茴！
Writing well means believing in your writing and believing in yourself, taking risks, daring to be different, pushing yourself to excel.You will write only as well as you make yourself write.
