Have you ever held a question in mindfor so long that it becomes part of how you think?

你是否曾經把一個問題留在心中很久疯淫，結果它已經成為你的一種思路？

Maybe even part of who you are as aperson?

甚至可能已經成為你自己的一部分戳玫？

Well I've had a question in my mindfor many, many years and that is: how can you speed up learning?

我思考了一個問題很多很多年熙掺，就是：你怎樣才能加快自己學習的速度？

Now, this is an interesting questionbecause if you speed up learning you can spend less time at school.

那么咕宿，這是一個很有趣的問題币绩，因為如果你可以加快自己的學習的速度，你就可以花更少時間在學校里府阀。

And if you learn really fast, youprobably wouldn't have to go to school at all.

如果你真的可以學習得特別快缆镣，你可能根本就不用去上學。

Now, when I was young, school wassort of okay but I found quite often that school got in the way of learning soI had this question in mind: how do you learn faster?

在我小時候试浙，上學還湊合董瞻，但我常常發(fā)現上學會阻礙學習，因此在心里面我有了這樣一個問題：怎樣才能學得更快呢田巴？

And this began when I was very, veryyoung. When I was about eleven years old I wrote a letter to researchers in theSoviet Union, asking about hypnopaedia, this is sleep learning, where you get atape recorder, you put it beside your bed and it turns on in the middle of thenight when you're sleeping, and you're supposed to be learning from this.

(這個想法)在我很小時候已經開始了钠糊，大約我11歲的時候，我給前蘇聯的研究者寫了一封關于睡眠學習的信壹哺， 所謂“睡覺學習”抄伍，就是拿一個磁帶錄音機放在你床邊， 等你入眠后機器開始播放磁帶管宵，(然后)目的是通過這種方式來學習截珍。

A good idea, unfortunately it doesn'twork.

一個好主意，不幸的是它行不通箩朴。

But, hypnopaedia did open the doorsto research in other areas and we've had incredible discoveries about learningthat began with that first question.

但睡眠學習確實打開了研究其他領域的大門笛臣，并且我們從研究這個問題開始已經有了一些驚人的發(fā)現。

I went on from there to becomepassionate about psychology and I have been involved in psychology in many waysfor the rest of my life up until this point.

從那開始我對心理學充滿熱情隧饼，直到現在我已經投入了幾十年的時間從事心理學相關的不同研究和工作。

In 1981 I took myself to China and Idecided that I was going to be native level in Chinese inside two years.

1981年静陈，我來到了中國燕雁，并且我決定在兩年內我的漢語要達到像中文母語者一樣的水平诞丽。

Now, you need to understand that in1981, everybody thought Chinese was really, really difficult and that awesterner could study for ten years or more and never really get very good atit.

吶，你需要明白的是在20世紀80年代初拐格，所有人都認為漢語是真的很難學僧免，一個西方人可能學習10年或以上也未必能學好。

And I also went in with a differentidea which was: taking all of the conclusions from psychological research up tothat point and applying them to the learning process.

還有捏浊，我?guī)е环N不同的想法懂衩，就是把心理學對這個問題研究所得的全部結論運用到我學習的過程當中。

What was really cool was that in sixmonths I was fluent in Mandarin Chinese and took a little bit longer to get upto native.

特別棒的是我在六個月內能說流利的中文金踪，不久后浊洞，我達到了中文母語者的水平。

But I looked around and I saw all ofthese people from different countries struggling terribly with Chinese, I sawChinese people struggling terribly to learn English and other languages, and somy question got refined down to: how can you help a normal adult learn a newlanguage quickly, easily and effectively?

但我看到周圍那些來自不同國家的人在為學習中文苦苦掙扎胡岔，中國人在為學習英文或其他語言苦苦掙扎法希，因此我的問題便細化到：怎樣幫助一位正常的成年人更快、更容易和有效地學會第二門語言靶瘸。

Now this is a really, reallyimportant question in today's world.

要強調的是苫亦，在今天的世界里這是一個非常非常重要的問題。

We have massive challenges withenvironment. We have massive challenges with social dislocation, with wars, allsorts of things going on and if we can't communicate we're really going to havedifficulty solving these problems.

我們需要面對大量的(有關)環(huán)保問題的挑戰(zhàn)怨咪，我們需要面對很多社會混亂和戰(zhàn)爭的挑戰(zhàn)屋剑，各種各類事情在發(fā)生，如果我們不能溝通那我們將難以解決這些問題诗眨。

So we need to be able to speak eachother's languages. This is really, really important.

因此唉匾，我們需要能夠說對方的語言。這真的非常重要辽话。

The question then is how do you do

that肄鸽？Well, it's actually really easy.

接下來的問題是，怎樣做到油啤？這實際上是很容易的典徘。

You look around for people who canalready do it, you look for situations where it's already working and then youidentify the principles and apply them.

看看你周圍那些已經做到的人，尋找在什么情況下益咬，它是有效的逮诲，識別這些原則后好好利用它們。

It's called modeling and I've beenlooking at language learning and modeling language learning for about fifteen totwenty years now.

這是一種高科技模仿幽告，而我已經用這種方法研究語言學習大約15到20年了梅鹦。

And my conclusion, my observationfrom this is that any adult can learn a second language to fluency inside sixmonths.

接著多年的觀察，我得到的結論是冗锁，任何一個成年人能在6個月內把任何外語學得流利齐唆。

Now when I say this, most peoplethink I'm crazy, this is not possible. So let me remind everybody of thehistory of human progress, it's all about expanding our limits.

吶，當我說成年人能在6個月內學會任何一種外語冻河，大多數人都認為我瘋了箍邮，這是不可能的茉帅。因此，先讓我提醒在座各位關于人類歷史的進展锭弊，所有人類歷史都是在擴展我們的極限堪澎。

In 1950 everybody believed thatrunning one mile in four minutes was impossible and then Roger Bannister did itin 1956 and from there it's got shorter and shorter.

在20世紀50年代，所有人都相信跑出4分鐘1英里的成績是不可能的味滞，后來羅杰·班尼斯特在1965年做到了樱蛤，而從那開始跑1英里的時間變得越來越短 。

100 years ago everybody believed that

heavy stuff doesn't fly剑鞍。

100年前昨凡，每個人都相信重的物體不能飛。

Except it does and we all know this.How does heavy stuff fly?

它不但可以飛攒暇，而且我們大家都知道這個事實土匀。那么，重物是怎樣飛的呢形用？

We reorganize the materials usingprinciples that we have learned from observing nature, birds in this case.

我們觀察大自然的原理就轧，在此是鳥飛行的原理，田度，根據這些我們重新組織材料來使重物可以飛妒御。

And today we've gone ever further, soyou can fly a car. You can buy one of these for a couple hundred thousand USdollars.

如今，我們甚至走得更遠镇饺，你可以駕駛一輛會飛的汽車乎莉。你可以花幾十萬美元購買一輛這樣的汽車。

We now have cars in the world thatcan fly.

我們現在有了會飛的汽車了奸笤。

And there's a different way to flythat we've learned from squirrels.

在能飛的松鼠的身上我們學會了另一種不同的方式來飛惋啃。

So all you need to do is copy what aflying squirrel does, build a suit called a wing suit and off you go, you canfly like a squirrel.

你只要做的是去復制一只飛鼠如何飛的原理，建造一套翼服监右，你就可以像一只飛鼠那樣可以在天空中飛翔边灭。

Now, most people, a lot of people, Iwouldn't say everybody but a lot of people think they can't draw.

那么，大多數人健盒，很多人绒瘦，我不會說所有人，但很多人認為他們不會畫畫扣癣。

However there are some keyprinciples, five principles that you can apply to learning to draw and you canactually learn to draw in five days.

然而這里有一些重要的原則惰帽，5個原則你可以利用來學習畫畫并且實際上你可以在5天內學會。

So, if you draw like this, you learnthese principles for five days and apply them and after five days you can drawsomething like this.

如果你平時畫成這樣父虑，那么你學習5天這些原則然后應用它們该酗，5天后，你可以畫成這樣士嚎。

Now I know this is true because thatwas my first drawing and after five days of applying these principles that waswhat I was able to do.

我知道這是真的垂涯，因為那是我第一次畫的烁焙，5天后我應用了這些原則，我可以做到這樣耕赘。

And I looked at this and I went‘wow,' so that's how I look like when I'm concentrating so intensely that mybrain is exploding.

當我看著這個，我“哇”了一聲膳殷，那就是我非常強烈的操骡，專注到我大腦快要爆炸的樣子呀！

So, anybody can learn to draw in fivedays and in the same way, with the same logic, anybody can learn a secondlanguage in six months.

因此赚窃，任何人都能夠用5天時間學會畫畫册招，同樣地，用同樣的方式和邏輯勒极，任何人都可以在6個月內學會一門外語是掰。

How: there are five principles andseven actions.

怎么做呢？ 有5個原則和7個行動可以跟隨辱匿。

There may be a few more but these areabsolutely core.

可能有更多键痛，但這些絕對是核心部分。

And before I get into those I justwant to talk about two myths, dispel two myths.

進入這些點之前我想先說說兩個神話并消除它們匾七。

The first is that you need talent.

第一個是你需要有天賦絮短。

Let me tell you about Zoe.

讓我跟你們說說關于佐伊的事情。

Zoe came from Australia, went toHolland, was trying to learn Dutch, struggling a great deal and finally peoplewere saying: ‘you're completely useless,' ‘you're not talented,' ‘give up,'‘you're a waste of time' and she was very, very depressed.

佐伊是澳大利亞人昨忆，她去到荷蘭并嘗試學習荷蘭語丁频。她非常掙扎，最后人們跟她說邑贴，“沒用的席里，”“你沒有天賦，”“還是放棄吧拢驾，”“你根本就是在浪費時間奖磁。”她對此感到非常沮喪独旷。

And then she came across these fiveprinciples, she moved to Brazil and she applied them and within six months shewas fluent in Portuguese, so talent doesn't matter.

后來署穗，她無意中發(fā)現了這5個原則，去了巴西嵌洼，并把這些原則應用到她學習葡萄牙語中案疲，6個月內，她可以說流利的葡萄牙語了麻养。因此褐啡，天賦不重要。

People also think that immersion in anew country is the way to learn a language.

人們還認為學會一門外語最好的方式就是到說該門語言的國家去鳖昌。

But look around Hong Kong, look atall the westerners who've been here for ten years, who don't speak a word ofChinese.

但是看看在香港已經呆了10年的西方人备畦，還是一句中文也不會說低飒。

Look at all the Chinese living inAmerica, Britain, Australia, Canada who have been there ten, twenty years andthey don't speak any English.

看看那些居住在美國、英國懂盐、澳大利亞褥赊、加拿大10年、20年的中國人莉恼，還是不會一句英文拌喉。

Immersion per se doesn't not work,why?

只呆在一個新的國家本身是沒有用的。為什么俐银？

Because a drowning man cannot learnto swim.

因為溺水的人是學不會游泳的尿背。

When you don't speak a language you'relike a baby and if you drop yourself into a context which is all adults talkingabout stuff over your head, you won't learn.

當你不能說那種語言，你就像一個嬰兒捶惜，如果你進入一個環(huán)境田藐，那里全部都是成年人在嘰嘰呱呱的說一些你完全聽不明白的話，你還是學不會吱七。

So, what are the five principles thatyou need to pay attention to;

那么晴玖，你需要注意的那5個原則是什么呢浦旱？

first: there are four words,attention, meaning, relevance and memory, and these interconnect in veryimportant ways. Especially when you're talking about learning.

首先，有四個詞，注意力微饥、含義底哥、關聯和記憶洋腮， 而這些在很多非常重要的方面是相互連接的锈麸，特別在你談論學習的時候。

Come with me on a journey through aforest.

請跟隨我來一趟森林之旅苍碟。

You go on a walk through a forest andyou see something like this.

你穿越森林酒觅，然后你看到一個像這樣的東西。

Little marks on a tree, maybe you payattention, maybe you don't.

你可能注意到了樹上的這些小標記微峰，可能你沒有注意它們舷丹。

You go another fifty metres and yousee this.

然后你繼續(xù)向前走50米，你看到了這個蜓肆。

You should be paying attention.

你應該要注意了颜凯。

Another fifty metres, if you haven'tbeen paying attention, you see this.

再50米，如果你還沒注意的話仗扬，你會看到這個症概。

And at this point, you're payingattention.

當看到這個的時候，你就會注意了早芭。

And you've just learned that this isimportant, it's relevant because it means this, and anything that is related,any information related to your survival is stuff that you're going to payattention to and therefore you're going to remember it.

你剛剛學習到了這個是重要的彼城，它與你有重要關系，因為它代表這個。任何有關聯的東西募壕，任何有關你生存的信息都是值得你注意的调炬，而你給注意力的就會記住的。

If it's related to your personalgoals then you're going to pay attention to it, if it's relevant you're goingto remember it.

如果它關于你個人目標的舱馅，那么你就會注意到它缰泡，如果它與你是有關聯的，你就會記住它代嗤。

So, the first rule, the firstprinciple for learning a language is focus on language content that is relevantto you.

因此匀谣，學習一門語言的第一個原則就是注意那些與你息息相關的語言內容上。

Which brings us to tools.

這就讓我們談到工具资溃。

We master tools by using tools and welearn tools the fastest when they are relevant to us.

我們通過使用工具來掌握工具，而當這些工具與我們息息相關的時候烈炭，我們就可以學得很快溶锭。

So let me share a story.

先讓我分享一個故事。

A keyboard is a tool.

鍵盤是一個工具符隙。

Typing Chinese a certain way, thereare methods for this. That's a tool.

有不同方法打中文字趴捅。這些方法屬于工具的一種。

I had a colleague many years ago whowent to night school;

多年前霹疫，我有一位同事拱绑，她上夜校學習中文打字。

Tuesday night, Thursday night, twohours each night, practicing at home, she spent nine months, and she did notlearn to type Chinese.

每周二丽蝎、周四晚上猎拨，她都用2個小時上課，然后也在家練習屠阻，她花了9個月的時間红省，仍然沒學會打中文字。

And one night we had a crisis.

一天晚上国觉，我們有一件緊急的事情吧恃。

We had forty eight hours to deliver atraining manual in Chinese.

我們有48個小時來準備用中文發(fā)表一本訓練手冊。

And she got the job, and I canguarantee you in forty eight hours, she learned to type Chinese because it wasrelevant, it was important, it was meaningful, she was using a tool to createvalue.

她獲得了這個任務 麻诀，并且我可以像你保證痕寓，在48個小時內，她學會了用中文打字蝇闭。因為這是相關的呻率、重要的、有意義的丁眼，她在使用一種工具來創(chuàng)造價值筷凤。

So the second tool for learning alanguage is to use your language as a tool to communicate right from day one.As a kid does.

因此，學習一門語言的第二個工具是從第一天開始，用你的語言作為一種工具來溝通藐守，像一個孩子那樣做挪丢。

When I first arrived in China Ididn't speak a word of Chinese, and on my second week I got to take a trainride overnight.

當我初次來到中國，我一句中文都不會說卢厂。第二個星期我乘坐火車過夜乾蓬。

I spent eight hours sitting in thedining car talking to one of the guards on the train. He took an interest in mefor some reason, and we just chatted all night in Chinese and he was drawingpictures and making movements with his hands and facial expressions and pieceby piece by piece I understood more and more.

我花了8個小時，坐在餐車慎恒，跟一位乘警聊任内。因為某種原因，他對我很感興趣融柬。我們在那用中文聊了整夜死嗦，隨著他畫畫、比劃雙手并動用他的面部表情粒氧，我逐漸地明白越來越多越除。

But what was really cool, was twoweeks later, when people were talking Chinese around me, I was understandingsome of this and I hadn't even made any effort to learn that.

但是真正有趣的是，兩個星期后外盯，當人們在我周圍說中文的時候摘盆，我可以明白一些而且我并沒有為之付出任何努力。

What had happened?

發(fā)生了什么饱苟？

I'd absorbed it that night on thetrain, which brings us to the third principle When you first understand themessage, then you will acquire the language unconsciously.

在火車的那晚我已經吸收了中文也是我們要說的第三個原則孩擂。當你已經理解溝通的信息含義，接下來你將不知不覺下意識的獲得該語言箱熬。

And this is really, really welldocumented now, it's something called comprehensible input and there's twentyor thirty years of research on this. Stephen Krashen, a leader in the field haspublished all sorts of these different studies and this is just from one ofthem.

而且這是有充足的證據證明的类垦，我們把它稱之為“可明白輸入”，而這個概念被研究了了研究二三十年坦弟。此領域的佼佼者史蒂夫·克拉申發(fā)布了各類不同的學術研究成果护锤，而這些數據來自他的一個報告。

The purple bars show the scores ondifferent tests for language.

條形圖里面的紫色部分顯示不同語言測試的成績酿傍。

The purple people were people who hadlearned by grammar and formal study, the green ones are the ones who learned bycomprehensible input.

紫色代表那些通過正式學習和學習語法的人烙懦，綠色的代表那些通過可明白輸入學習的人。

So, comprehension works.

因此赤炒，可明白意思的輸入是有效的氯析。

Comprehension is key and languagelearning is not about accumulating lots of knowledge.

理解是很關鍵的而學語言本身不僅僅是獲取大量的知識。

In many, many ways it's aboutphysiological training.

在很多方面莺褒，更多的是生理的訓練掩缓。

A woman I know from Taiwan did greatat English at school, she got A grades all the way through, went throughcollege, A grades, went to the US and found she couldn't understand what peoplewere saying.

我認識的一位來自臺灣的女士，上學時英文成績很好遵岩，大學英語也很優(yōu)秀你辣。后來巡通，她到了美國，竟然發(fā)現自己聽不懂別人在說什么舍哄。

And people started asking her: ‘areyou deaf?'

然后人們開始問她：“你是聾的嗎宴凉？”

And she was. English deaf.

她確實是英語聾子。

Because we have filters in our brainthat filter in the sounds that we are familiar with and they filter out thesounds of languages we're not.

因為在我們大腦里有一些過濾器會幫助我們過濾熟悉的語言聲音進入腦子里表悬，而把不熟悉的語言聲音過濾出去弥锄。

And if you can't hear it, you won'tunderstand it and if you can't understand it, you're not going to learn it.

如果你聽不到，你不會明白蟆沫；你聽不明白籽暇，你將不能學會它。

So you actually have to be able tohear these sounds.

因此饭庞，你必須能夠聽到這些聲音戒悠。

And there are ways to do that butit's physiological training.

這里有一些方法來做到，但這些是生理上的訓練舟山。

Speaking takes muscle.

說話需要用到肌肉救崔。

You've got forty-three muscles inyour face, you have to coordinate those in a way that you make sounds thatother people will understand.

在你的臉上有43塊肌肉，你必須協調好這些肌肉來發(fā)聲捏顺，讓別人明白你的話。

If you've ever done a new sport for acouple of days, then you know how your body feels. And it hurts.

如果你曾經有做過幾天新的運動纬黎，你會知道你的身體有什么感覺幅骄。有點酸疼。

If your face is hurting you're doingit right.

如果你的面部有這種酸疼的感覺本今，那就對了拆座。

And the final principle is state.

最后一個原則是狀態(tài)。

Psycho-physiological state.

心理生理的狀態(tài)冠息。

If you're sad, angry, worried, upset,you're not going to learn. Period.

如果你傷心挪凑、生氣、擔心逛艰、沮喪躏碳，你將不能學會。絕對是這樣散怖。

If you're happy, relaxed, in an Alphabrain state, curious, you're going to learn really quickly, and veryspecifically you need to be tolerant of ambiguity.

如果你是在一個開心的菇绵，放松的，好奇的大腦狀態(tài)下镇眷，你將很快學會咬最，而且，需要明確的一點是欠动，你需要忍受歧義永乌。

If you're one of those people whoneeds to understand 100% every word you're hearing, you will go nuts, becauseyou'll be incredibly upset all the time, because you're not perfect.

如果你是那種在聽的時候需要百分百聽明白別人在說的每一個詞兒 的人之一，你會因為你無時無刻(的)沮喪感和你的不完美而發(fā)瘋了。

If you're comfortable with getting some,not getting some, just paying attention to what you do understand, you're goingto be fine, you'll be relaxed and you'll be learning quickly.

如果你對聽明白一些翅雏、聽不明白一些而感到舒服圈驼，并把注意力放在你明白的部分，你將會學好枚荣，而且你的狀態(tài)越輕松碗脊，你將學得越快。

So based on those five principles,what are the seven actions that you need to take?

那么在這5個原則上橄妆，你還需要哪7個行動呢衙伶？

Number one: listen a lot.

第一，多聽害碾。

I call it brain soaking矢劲。

我把它叫做泡腦子。

You put yourself in a context where

you're hearing tons and tons and tons of a language and it doesn't matter if

you understand it or not慌随。

你把自己置放在聽很多很多語言的環(huán)境當中芬沉，聽得明白與否無關重要。

You're listening to the rhythm

,you're listening to the patterns that repeat, you're listening to things that

stand out阁猜。

在聽的時候丸逸，你是在聽它的節(jié)奏、聽它重復的模式剃袍、聽凸出來的詞語黄刚。

So, just soak your brain in this.

像這個泡泡你的腦子。

The second action: is that you getthe meaning first, even before you get the words.

第二個行動是在獲取單詞之前先獲取它的意思民效。

You go “Well how do I do that?”憔维，

你可能在想，這個我怎么知道的呢畏邢？

I don't know the words. Well, youunderstand what these different postures mean.

我不知道那些單詞业扒！ 但你可以理解那些不同手勢代表的含義。

Human communication is body languagein many, many ways, so much body language.

身體語言占領人類交流的一大部分舒萎。

From body language you can understanda lot of communication, therefore, you're understanding, you're acquiringthrough comprehensible input.

從身體語言程储，你可以理解很多對話內容，因此臂寝，你通過可明白輸入理解虱肄、獲取它的含義。

And you can also use patterns thatyou already know.

你還可以利用你已經知道的模式交煞。

If you're a Chinese speaker ofMandarin and Cantonese and you go Vietnam, you will understand 60% of what theysay to you in daily conversation, because Vietnamese is about 30% Mandarin, 30%Cantonese.

如果你是說國語和粵語咏窿，當你去到越南，你可以明白60%的日常用語素征，因為越南話有30%的國語和30%的粵語集嵌。

The third action: start mixing.

第三個行動：開始混合萝挤。

You probably have never thought ofthis but if you've got ten verbs, ten nouns and ten adjectives you can say onethousand different things.

你可能之前沒有想過這個，但如果你有10個動詞根欧，10個名詞和10個形容詞怜珍，你可以說1000句不同的話。

Language is a creative process.

語言是創(chuàng)造的過程凤粗。

What do babies do?

孩子是怎么做的呢酥泛？

Okay: me, bat(h)， now嫌拣，okay, that's how they communicate.

我柔袁，澡澡，現在异逐。捶索。。這就是他們說話的方式灰瞻。

So start mixing, get creative, havefun with it, it doesn't have to be perfect it just has to work.

所以現在開始混合腥例、創(chuàng)造并從中獲得趣味。你不需要做到完美酝润，你能溝通就好燎竖。

And when you're doing this you focuson the core.

而且當你這樣做的時候，你把注意力放在核心上要销。

What does that mean?

這意味著什么底瓣？

Well any language has high frequencycontent.

任何語言都有它的高頻內容。

In English 1000 words covers 85% ofanything you're ever going to say in daily communication.

英語有1000個高頻詞覆蓋你85%的日常交流蕉陋。

3000 words give you 98% of anythingyou're going to say in daily conversation.

而3000個高頻詞將覆蓋98%的日常交流。

You got 3000 words, you're speakingthe language.

你有3000個高頻詞拨扶，你將可以說一門外語凳鬓。

The rest is icing on the cake.

剩余的是錦上添花。

And when you're just beginning with anew language start with the tool box.

當你開始學習一門外語患民，從工具箱開始缩举。

Week number one in your new languageyou say things like: ‘how do you say that?'

第一周，你會用新語言說一些像這樣的話“那個你怎么說匹颤？”

‘I don't understand,'

“我不明白仅孩，”

‘repeat that please,'

“請重復，”

‘what does that mean,'

“那是什么意思”印蓖，

all in your target language.

全都用你的目標語言辽慕。

You're using it as a tool, making ituseful to you, it's relevant to learn other things about the language.

你把它當做工具來用，并且利用好它赦肃，這對學習該門語言的其他東西是有重大關系的溅蛉。

It's by week two that you should besaying things like: ‘me,' ‘this,' ‘you,' ‘that,' ‘give,' you know, ‘hot,'simple pronouns, simple nouns, simple verbs, simple adjectives, communicatinglike a baby.

第二周公浪，你應該會說一些像“我”、“這個”船侧、“你”欠气、“那個”、“給”镜撩、“熱”预柒，像個孩子一樣用這些簡單的代詞、名詞袁梗、動詞宜鸯、形容詞來溝通。

And by the third or fourth week,you're getting into what I call glue words.

然后第三或第四周围段，你會進入我稱為“膠水詞”的這部分顾翼。

‘Although,' ‘but,' ‘therefore,' these

are logical transformers that tie bits of a language together, allowing you to

make more complex meaning。

“雖然”奈泪、“但是”适贸、“因此”，這些邏輯工具幫助你把語言的小塊緊密地結合在一起涝桅，讓你制造更多復雜的意思拜姿。

At that point you're talking。

在那個階段冯遂，你已經進入說話的階段了蕊肥！ 。

And when you're doing that, youshould get yourself a language parent.

當你這樣做的時候蛤肌，你應該給自己找位語言家長壁却。

If you look at how children andparents interact, you'll understand what this means.

如果你看看孩子和父母之間的互動，你會明白這個什么意思的裸准。

When a child is speaking, it'll beusing simple words, simple combinations, sometimes quite strange, sometimesvery strange pronunciation and other people from outside the family don'tunderstand it.

當一個孩子說話展东，它會用簡單的詞，簡單的組合炒俱，而有時候會發(fā)生奇怪甚至是非常怪的聲音盐肃，如果不是家里人根本就不懂它在說什么。

But the parents do.

但是父母卻知道权悟。

And so the kid has a safeenvironment, gets confidence.

因此砸王，孩子有個安全的環(huán)境，然后變得有自信峦阁。

The parents talk to the children withbody language and with simple language which they know the child understands.

父母用孩子可以理解的身體語言和簡單句子跟他們說話谦铃。

So we have a comprehensible inputenvironment that's safe, we know it works otherwise none of you would speakyour mother tongue.

因此我們有一個很安全的可明白輸入的環(huán)境。我們知道這個有用榔昔，不然的話我們都不會說自己的母語荷辕。

15:55 So you get yourself a languageparent, who's somebody interested in you as a person who will communicate withyou essentially as an equal, but pay attention to help you understand themessage.

因此你可以給自己找個語言家長凿跳，他是對你感興趣的一個人，可以跟你溝通得上的疮方，也可以是能夠幫助你理解的同齡人控嗜。

There are four rules of a languageparent.

語言家長有四個規(guī)則。

Spouses by the way are not very goodat this, okay?

順便說一下骡显，配偶在這里沒有那么好疆栏，明白嗎？

But the four rules are, first of all,they will work hard to understand what you mean even when you're way off beat.

那么4條規(guī)則是惫谤，第一壁顶，他們會盡可能地理解你的意思，哪怕你脫離節(jié)拍溜歪。

Secondly, they will never correctyour mistakes.

第二若专，他們從來不會糾正你的錯誤。

Thirdly they will feed back theirunderstanding of what you are saying so you can respond appropriately and getthat feedback and then they will use words that you know.

第三蝴猪，他們會理解你說的話并給出反饋调衰，好讓你適當地回應并獲得反饋，并且他們也是說你知道的單詞自阱。

The sixth thing you have to do, iscopy the face.

第六件事你需要做的就是模仿面部表情嚎莉。

You've got to get the muscles workingright, so you can sound in a way that people will understand you.

你需要把肌肉部位用得準確，別人才可以聽明白你發(fā)出的聲音沛豌。

There's a couple of things you do.

達到此目的趋箩，你需要做幾件事情。

One is that you hear how it feels,and feel how it sounds which means you have a feedback loop operating in yourface, but ideally if you can look at a native speaker and just observe how theyuse their face, let your unconscious mind absorb the rules, then you're goingto be able to pick it up.

第一加派，聽它是什么感覺的并感覺它是怎樣發(fā)出聲音的叫确，從你的臉上獲得反饋。如果條件理想的話芍锦，你可以看著母語者并觀察他們的面部竹勉，讓你下意識地吸收這些規(guī)則，然后你將能夠獲取到它醉旦。

And if you c

an't get a native speaker to look at,you can use stuff like this: [slides].

如果你沒有母語者可以看著學習的話，你可以用像這樣的東西桨啃。

And the final idea here, the finalaction you need to take is something that I call “direct connect.”

最后一個行動是你需要“直接聯系”车胡。

What does this mean?

什么意思呢？

Well most people learning a secondlanguage sort of take the mother tongue words and take the target words and goover them again and again in their mind to try and remember them.

大多數人學習外語幾乎都是用母語的單詞對照目標語言照瘾，反復地在心中念并嘗試記住它們匈棘。

Really inefficient.

這樣做效率真的很低。

What you need to do is realize thateverything you know is an image inside your mind, it's feelings,

你需要做的是意識到你所知道的事情在你的腦海里都有一個畫面和感覺析命。

if you talk about fire you can smellthe smoke you can hear the crackling, you can see the flames,

如果你說到“火”主卫，你可以聞到那個煙味逃默，你可以聽到那燃燒的爆裂聲，你可以看到那火焰簇搅，

so what you do, is you go into thatimagery and all of that memory and you come out with another pathway.

所以你需要做的是進入那些意象和有關的所有的記憶力完域，然后從另一條通道出來。

So I call it ‘same box, differentpath.'

我把這叫做“殊途同歸”(同一個盒子瘩将，不同的路)吟税。

You come out of that pathway, youbuild it over time you become more and more skilled at just connecting the newsounds to those images that you already have, into that internalrepresentation.

你從那條通道出來，你將建立這種技能并且越來越熟練地把新的聲音連接到你心里已經知道的畫面去姿现。

And over time you even becomenaturally good at that process, that becomes unconscious.

往后你甚至很擅長走這個過程肠仪，甚至是無意識的。

So, there are five principles that

you need to work with, seven actions, if you do any of them, you're going to

improve备典。

因此异旧，你需要運用的那5個原則和7個行動，如果你運用其中任何一個提佣，都將得到進步吮蛹。

And remember these are things underyour control as the learner.

并且記住，作為學習者镐依，這些事情都在你的掌控之下匹涮。

Do them all and you're going to befluent in a second language in six months.

如果你做到以上全部，你將會在六個月內學會流利的外語槐壳。

Thank you.

謝謝然低。

（音頻及文本來源：新浪教育。本文為TED演講务唐，講師介紹：Chris Lonsdale. 國際心理學家雳攘、語言學家、教育家枫笛。香港龍氏顧問行董事長吨灭，香港第三支耳朵國際教育集團董事長，功夫英語創(chuàng)始人之一刑巧。）