第四章終于開(kāi)始深入刻意練習(xí)

刻意練習(xí)的原則：

不論是哪項(xiàng)技能嗓节，訓(xùn)練都遵循著非常相似的一系列原則。這就是刻意練習(xí)

刻意練習(xí)與其它的有目的性的練習(xí)有兩個(gè)主要區(qū)別：

1.“First, it requires a field that is already reasonably well developed—that is, a field in which the best performers have attained a level of performance that clearly sets them apart from people who are just entering the field.”

2.“Second, deliberate practice requires a teacher who can provide practice activities designed to help a student improve his or her performance. ”

總結(jié)：With this definition we are drawing a clear distinction between purposeful practice—in which a person tries very hard to push himself or herself to improve—and practice that is both purposeful and informed. In particular, deliberate practice is informed and guided by the best performers’ accomplishments and by an understanding of what these expert performers do to excel. Deliberate practice is purposeful practice that knows where it is going and how to get there.”

應(yīng)用刻意練習(xí)：

在刻意練習(xí)適用的領(lǐng)域和不適用的領(lǐng)域

“This is the basic blueprint for getting better in any pursuit: get as close to deliberate practice as you can. If you’re in a field where deliberate practice is an option, you should take that option. If not, apply the principles of deliberate practice as much as possible. ”

如何做？

1. 確定行業(yè)的專家

2. 弄明白他們是如何做到的

Once you’ve identified the expert performers in a field, the next step is to figure out specifically what they do that separates them from other, less accomplished people in the same field, and what training methods helped them get there. lesson:?

記住幾點(diǎn):?

Once you have identified an expert, identify what this person does differently from others that could explain the superior performance. There are likely to be many things the person does differently that have nothing to do with the superior performance, but at least it is a place to start.

In all of this keep in mind that the idea is to inform your purposeful practice and point it in directions that will be more effective. If you find that something works, keep doing it; if it doesn’t work, stop. The better you are able to tailor your training to mirror the best performers in your field, the more effective your training is likely to be.

And finally remember that, whenever possible, the best approach is almost always to work with a good coach or teacher. An effective instructor will understand what must go into a successful training regimen and will be able to modify it as necessary to suit individual students.”

重新審視一萬(wàn)小時(shí)理論的存在的問(wèn)題

“Unfortunately, this rule—which is the only thing that many people today know about the effects of practice—is wrong in several ways.”

“you can keep going and going and going, getting better and better and better. How much you improve is up to you.”

This puts the ten-thousand-hour rule in a completely different light: The reason that you must put in ten thousand or more hours of practice to become one of the world’s best violinists or chess players or golfers is that the people you are being compared to or competing with have themselves put in ten thousand or more hours of practice. There is no point at which performance maxes out and additional practice does not lead to further improvement. So, yes, if you wish to become one of the best in the world in one of these highly competitive fields, you will need to put in thousands and thousands of hours of hard, focused work just to have a chance of equaling all of those others who have chosen to put in the same sort of work.

感悟：

1. 眼高手低到底好不好俏站？

我們經(jīng)常批評(píng)某些人做事不踏實(shí)蚯窥，說(shuō)眼高手低。

在閱讀了三四章后童谒，我認(rèn)為眼高不是壞事单旁，反而是件好事，我們知道在某個(gè)領(lǐng)域饥伊，什么是好的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)象浑，有了這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)我們才能設(shè)定相定的目標(biāo)。以我自己的興趣愛(ài)好來(lái)舉例琅豆，攝影愉豺、繪畫(huà)、音樂(lè)茫因、舞蹈都需要我們做到眼高手低蚪拦。心理表征知道什么是好的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，經(jīng)過(guò)正確的練習(xí)方法以加以練習(xí)就能不斷提高冻押。

2. 1萬(wàn)小時(shí)理論

Outlier這本書(shū)去看讀過(guò)驰贷，我認(rèn)為作者其實(shí)沒(méi)有刻意說(shuō)出，某項(xiàng)技能只要你練一萬(wàn)小時(shí)以上洛巢，你就能精通掌握這項(xiàng)技能括袒。作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是凡是某個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家都離開(kāi)大量大量的練習(xí)。只是老馬沒(méi)有說(shuō)出來(lái)這個(gè)練習(xí)應(yīng)該是什么樣的練習(xí)狼渊。

大部分的練習(xí)是天真練習(xí)或是有目的的練習(xí)箱熬，而只有很少人能做到刻意練習(xí)。因?yàn)榭桃饩毩?xí)的兩個(gè)必要條件有時(shí)候很難實(shí)現(xiàn)狈邑，比如在學(xué)習(xí)某項(xiàng)技的時(shí)候城须，你沒(méi)有專業(yè)老師指導(dǎo)，沒(méi)有正確的方法米苹。

我想對(duì)大部分人來(lái)說(shuō)糕伐，很多技能不得不靠自學(xué)，因此蘸嘶，確定行業(yè)專家并分析他們成功的方法至關(guān)重要良瞧。這個(gè)雖然有難度，但在信息高度發(fā)達(dá)的時(shí)代并不是難事训唱。