安裝nodejs
安裝git
下載vue-admin-template（前端）
建議
本項(xiàng)目為可作為管理系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)模板作為二次開發(fā)柳骄，可用于初學(xué)者或?qū)W生基于它進(jìn)行二次開發(fā)团赏。（本人基于多人協(xié)助的基礎(chǔ)開發(fā)，技術(shù)有限耐薯。）
基礎(chǔ)模板：vue-admin-template
開始創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目
Idle使用：WebStorm
①下載vue-admin-template
②進(jìn)入vue-admin-template項(xiàng)目
③初始化vue-admin-template項(xiàng)目
④運(yùn)行vue-admin-template
```
# clone the projectgit clone
?https://github.com/PanJiaChen/vue-admin-template.git
# enter the project directory
cd vue-admin-template
# install dependency
npm install
# develop
npm run dev
```
編輯vue-admin-template項(xiàng)目
到project\vue-admin-template\src\router\index.js
刪除多余界面后如下
```
import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router'
Vue.use(Router)
/* Layout */
import Layout from '@/layout'
/**
* Note: sub-menu only appear when route children.length >= 1
* Detail see: https://panjiachen.github.io/vue-element-admin-site/guide/essentials/router-and-nav.html
*
* hidden: true? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? if set true, item will not show in the sidebar(default is false)
* alwaysShow: true? ? ? ? ? ? ? if set true, will always show the root menu
*? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? if not set alwaysShow, when item has more than one children route,
*? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? it will becomes nested mode, otherwise not show the root menu
* redirect: noRedirect? ? ? ? ? if set noRedirect will no redirect in the breadcrumb
* name:'router-name'? ? ? ? ? ? the name is used by <keep-alive> (must set!!!)
* meta : {
? ? roles: ['admin','editor']? ? control the page roles (you can set multiple roles)
? ? title: 'title'? ? ? ? ? ? ? the name show in sidebar and breadcrumb (recommend set)
? ? icon: 'svg-name'? ? ? ? ? ? the icon show in the sidebar
? ? breadcrumb: false? ? ? ? ? ? if set false, the item will hidden in breadcrumb(default is true)
? ? activeMenu: '/example/list'? if set path, the sidebar will highlight the path you set
? }
*/
/**
* constantRoutes
* a base page that does not have permission requirements
* all roles can be accessed
*/
export const constantRoutes = [
? {
? ? path: '/login',
? ? component: () => import('@/views/login/index'),
? ? hidden: true
? },
? {
? ? path: '/404',
? ? component: () => import('@/views/404'),
? ? hidden: true
? },
? {
? ? path: '/',
? ? component: Layout,
? ? redirect: '/dashboard',
? ? children: [{
? ? ? path: 'dashboard',
? ? ? name: 'Dashboard',
? ? ? component: () => import('@/views/dashboard/index'),
? ? ? meta: { title: 'Dashboard', icon: 'dashboard' }
? ? }]
? },
? // 404 page must be placed at the end !!!
? { path: '*', redirect: '/404', hidden: true }
]
const createRouter = () => new Router({
? // mode: 'history', // require service support
? scrollBehavior: () => ({ y: 0 }),
? routes: constantRoutes
})
const router = createRouter()
// Detail see: https://github.com/vuejs/vue-router/issues/1234#issuecomment-357941465
export function resetRouter() {
? const newRouter = createRouter()
? router.matcher = newRouter.matcher // reset router
}
export default router
```
安裝ES6語法插件
```
npm install --save es6-promise
```
引用Axios 插件舔清，新建http.js插入如下位置
http.js：
···
import Vue from 'vue';
import Axios from 'axios';
import {Promise} from 'es6-promise';
import {MessageBox, Message} from 'element-ui'
Axios.defaults.timeout = 30000; // 1分鐘
Axios.defaults.baseURL = '';
Axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
? // Do something before request is sent
? //change method for get
? /*if(process.env.NODE_ENV == 'development'){
? ? ? config['method'] = 'GET';
? ? ? console.log(config)
? }*/
? if (config['MSG']) {
? ? // Vue.prototype.$showLoading(config['MSG']);
? } else {
? ? // Vue.prototype.$showLoading();
? }
? // if(user.state.token){//用戶登錄時(shí)每次請(qǐng)求將token放入請(qǐng)求頭中
? //? config.headers["token"] = user.state.token;
? // }
? if (config['Content-Type'] === 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;') {//默認(rèn)發(fā)application/json請(qǐng)求，如果application/x-www-form-urlencoded;需要使用transformRequest對(duì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行處理
? ? /*config['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8';*/
? ? config.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8';
? ? config['transformRequest'] = function (obj) {
? ? ? var str = [];
? ? ? for (var p in obj)
? ? ? ? str.push(encodeURIComponent(p) + "=" + encodeURIComponent(obj[p]));
? ? ? return str.join("&")
? ? };
? }
? //config.header['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8';
? return config;
}, function (error) {
? // Do something with request error
? // Vue.$vux.loading.hide()
? return Promise.reject(error);
});
Axios.interceptors.response.use(
? response => {
? ? // Vue.$vux.loading.hide();
? ? return response.data;
? },
? error => {
? ? // Vue.$vux.loading.hide();
? ? if (error.response) {
? ? ? switch (error.response.status) {
? ? ? ? case 404:
? ? ? ? ? Message({
? ? ? ? ? ? message: '' || 'Error',
? ? ? ? ? ? type: 'error',
? ? ? ? ? ? duration: 5 * 1000
? ? ? ? ? })
? ? ? ? ? break;
? ? ? ? default:
? ? ? ? ? Message({
? ? ? ? ? ? message: '' || 'Error',
? ? ? ? ? ? type: 'error',
? ? ? ? ? ? duration: 5 * 1000
? ? ? ? ? })
? ? ? }
? ? } else if (error instanceof Error) {
? ? ? console.error(error);
? ? } else {
? ? ? Message({
? ? ? ? message: '' || 'Error',
? ? ? ? type: 'error',
? ? ? ? duration: 5 * 1000
? ? ? })
? ? }
? ? return Promise.reject(error.response);
? });
export default Vue.prototype.$http = Axios;
```
配置axios代理：
vue.config.js
```
'use strict'
const path = require('path')
const defaultSettings = require('./src/settings.js')
function resolve(dir) {
? return path.join(__dirname, dir)
}
const name = defaultSettings.title || 'vue Admin Template' // page title
// If your port is set to 80,
// use administrator privileges to execute the command line.
// For example, Mac: sudo npm run
// You can change the port by the following methods:
// port = 9528 npm run dev OR npm run dev --port = 9528
const port = process.env.port || process.env.npm_config_port || 9528 // dev port
// All configuration item explanations can be find in https://cli.vuejs.org/config/
module.exports = {
? /**
? * You will need to set publicPath if you plan to deploy your site under a sub path,
? * for example GitHub Pages. If you plan to deploy your site to https://foo.github.io/bar/,
? * then publicPath should be set to "/bar/".
? * In most cases please use '/' !!!
? * Detail: https://cli.vuejs.org/config/#publicpath
? */
? publicPath: '/',
? outputDir: 'dist',
? assetsDir: 'static',
? lintOnSave: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development',
? productionSourceMap: false,
? devServer: {
? ? port: port,
? ? open: true,
? ? overlay: {
? ? ? warnings: false,
? ? ? errors: true
? ? },
? ? proxy: {
? ? ? // change xxx-api/login => mock/login
? ? ? // detail: https://cli.vuejs.org/config/#devserver-proxy
? ? ? [process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API]: {
? ? ? ? target: `http://127.0.0.1:${port}/mock`,
? ? ? ? changeOrigin: true,
? ? ? ? pathRewrite: {
? ? ? ? ? ['^' + process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API]: ''
? ? ? ? }
? ? ? },
? ? ? ['/api']: {
? ? ? ? target: `http://127.0.0.1:3000`,
? ? ? ? changeOrigin: true,
? ? ? ? pathRewrite: {
? ? ? ? ? ['^' + '/api']: ''
? ? ? ? }
? ? ? }
? ? },
? ? after: require('./mock/mock-server.js')
? },
? configureWebpack: {
? ? // provide the app's title in webpack's name field, so that
? ? // it can be accessed in index.html to inject the correct title.
? ? name: name,
? ? resolve: {
? ? ? alias: {
? ? ? ? '@': resolve('src')
? ? ? }
? ? }
? },
? chainWebpack(config) {
? ? config.plugins.delete('preload') // TODO: need test
? ? config.plugins.delete('prefetch') // TODO: need test
? ? // set svg-sprite-loader
? ? config.module
? ? ? .rule('svg')
? ? ? .exclude.add(resolve('src/icons'))
? ? ? .end()
? ? config.module
? ? ? .rule('icons')
? ? ? .test(/\.svg$/)
? ? ? .include.add(resolve('src/icons'))
? ? ? .end()
? ? ? .use('svg-sprite-loader')
? ? ? .loader('svg-sprite-loader')
? ? ? .options({
? ? ? ? symbolId: 'icon-[name]'
? ? ? })
? ? ? .end()
? ? // set preserveWhitespace
? ? config.module
? ? ? .rule('vue')
? ? ? .use('vue-loader')
? ? ? .loader('vue-loader')
? ? ? .tap(options => {
? ? ? ? options.compilerOptions.preserveWhitespace = true
? ? ? ? return options
? ? ? })
? ? ? .end()
? ? config
? ? // https://webpack.js.org/configuration/devtool/#development
? ? ? .when(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development',
? ? ? ? config => config.devtool('cheap-source-map')
? ? ? )
? ? config
? ? ? .when(process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'development',
? ? ? ? config => {
? ? ? ? ? config
? ? ? ? ? ? .plugin('ScriptExtHtmlWebpackPlugin')
? ? ? ? ? ? .after('html')
? ? ? ? ? ? .use('script-ext-html-webpack-plugin', [{
? ? ? ? ? ? ? // `runtime` must same as runtimeChunk name. default is `runtime`
? ? ? ? ? ? ? inline: /runtime\..*\.js$/
? ? ? ? ? ? }])
? ? ? ? ? ? .end()
? ? ? ? ? config
? ? ? ? ? ? .optimization.splitChunks({
? ? ? ? ? ? chunks: 'all',
? ? ? ? ? ? cacheGroups: {
? ? ? ? ? ? ? libs: {
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? name: 'chunk-libs',
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? priority: 10,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? chunks: 'initial' // only package third parties that are initially dependent
? ? ? ? ? ? ? },
? ? ? ? ? ? ? elementUI: {
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? name: 'chunk-elementUI', // split elementUI into a single package
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? priority: 20, // the weight needs to be larger than libs and app or it will be packaged into libs or app
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]_?element-ui(.*)/ // in order to adapt to cnpm
? ? ? ? ? ? ? },
? ? ? ? ? ? ? commons: {
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? name: 'chunk-commons',
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? test: resolve('src/components'), // can customize your rules
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? minChunks: 3, //? minimum common number
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? priority: 5,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? reuseExistingChunk: true
? ? ? ? ? ? ? }
? ? ? ? ? ? }
? ? ? ? ? })
? ? ? ? ? config.optimization.runtimeChunk('single')
? ? ? ? }
? ? ? )
? }
}
```
main.js中加入http
```
import http from './utils/http'
Vue.use(http)
```
調(diào)用接口：
index.vue：
```
<template>
? <div class="dashboard-container">
? ? 歡迎
? </div>
</template>
<script>
import { mapGetters } from 'vuex'
export default {
? name: 'Dashboard',
? computed: {
? ? ...mapGetters([
? ? ? 'name'
? ? ])
? },
? mounted() {
? ? this.$http.get('/api/users/add').then(res =>{
? ? ? console.log('this.panels',res)
? ? })
? }
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.dashboard {
? &-container {
? ? margin: 30px;
? }
? &-text {
? ? font-size: 30px;
? ? line-height: 46px;
? }
}
</style>
```
全局安裝koa-generator,執(zhí)行下面命令
```
npm install -g koa-generator
```
構(gòu)建koa2項(xiàng)目代碼如下
```
koa2 projectName
```
構(gòu)建成功信息：
```
D:\project>koa2 projectName
? create : projectName
? create : projectName/package.json
? create : projectName/app.js
? create : projectName/public
? create : projectName/public/images
? create : projectName/routes
? create : projectName/routes/index.js
? create : projectName/routes/users.js
? create : projectName/views
? create : projectName/views/index.pug
? create : projectName/views/layout.pug
? create : projectName/views/error.pug
? create : projectName/public/stylesheets
? create : projectName/public/stylesheets/style.css
? create : projectName/bin
? create : projectName/bin/www
? install dependencies:
? ? > cd projectName && npm install
? run the app:
? ? > SET DEBUG=koa* & npm start projectName
? create : projectName/public/javascripts
D:\project>
```
初始化后臺(tái)項(xiàng)目插件曲初，命令屬下:
```
cd projectName
```
初始化項(xiàng)目体谒，如果沒有安裝git會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò).
```
npm install
```
項(xiàng)目試運(yùn)行
```
npm run dev
```
這里koa2模板提示信息做的并不好，沒有輸出測試地址臼婆，成功后出現(xiàn)如下界面代表成功了抒痒。
```
D:\project\projectName>npm run dev
> projectName@0.1.0 dev D:\project\projectName
> nodemon bin/www
[nodemon] 1.19.4
[nodemon] to restart at any time, enter `rs`
[nodemon] watching dir(s): *.*
[nodemon] watching extensions: js,mjs,json
[nodemon] starting `node bin/www`
```
在瀏覽器打開地址：
出現(xiàn)koa2的歡迎界面就代表成功了。
安裝本地mongodb或者在mongodb官網(wǎng)新建免費(fèi)的云端服務(wù)器颁褂。
本人在這里用的mongodb免費(fèi)云端數(shù)據(jù)庫故响。
需要自行填寫用戶和密碼及數(shù)據(jù)庫名
鏈接如下：
```
mongodb+srv://<用戶名>:<密碼填寫>@cluster0.immyf.mongodb.net/<數(shù)據(jù)庫名>?retryWrites=true&w=majority
```
安裝mongoose
```
npm install mongoose --save
```
在剛剛新建好的projectName中創(chuàng)建db目錄
下面代碼中連接密碼需要修改成自己的：
config.js：
```
module.exports = {
? ? // dbs: 'mongodb://139.159.253.110:27017/test1'
? ? dbs: 'mongodb+srv://xxwozixin:<需要修改>@cluster0-7d5kk.mongodb.net/test?retryWrites=true&w=majority'
}
```
user.js：
```
const mongoose = require('mongoose')
const feld={
? ? name: String,
? ? age: Number,
? ? //人物標(biāo)簽
? ? labels:Number
}
//自動(dòng)添加更新時(shí)間創(chuàng)建時(shí)間:
let personSchema = new mongoose.Schema(feld, {timestamps: {createdAt: 'created', updatedAt: 'updated'}})
module.exports= mongoose.model('User',personSchema)
```
修改projectName下的app.js
app.js：
```
const Koa = require('koa')
const app = new Koa()
const views = require('koa-views')
const json = require('koa-json')
const onerror = require('koa-onerror')
const bodyparser = require('koa-bodyparser')
const logger = require('koa-logger')
const index = require('./routes/index')
const users = require('./routes/users')
const mongoose = require('mongoose')
const dbconfig = require('./db/config')
mongoose.connect(dbconfig.dbs, {useNewUrlParser: true,useUnifiedTopology: true})
const db = mongoose.connection
db.on('error', console.error.bind(console, 'connection error:'));
db.once('open', function() {
? console.log('mongoose 連接成功')
});
// error handler
onerror(app)
// middlewares
app.use(bodyparser({
? enableTypes:['json', 'form', 'text']
}))
app.use(json())
app.use(logger())
app.use(require('koa-static')(__dirname + '/public'))
app.use(views(__dirname + '/views', {
? extension: 'pug'
}))
// logger
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
? const start = new Date()
? await next()
? const ms = new Date() - start
? console.log(`${ctx.method} ${ctx.url} - ${ms}ms`)
})
// routes
app.use(index.routes(), index.allowedMethods())
app.use(users.routes(), users.allowedMethods())
// error-handling
app.on('error', (err, ctx) => {
? console.error('server error', err, ctx)
});
module.exports = app
// error handler
onerror(app)
// middlewares
app.use(bodyparser({
? enableTypes:['json', 'form', 'text']
}))
app.use(json())
app.use(logger())
app.use(require('koa-static')(__dirname + '/public'))
app.use(views(__dirname + '/views', {
? extension: 'pug'
}))
// logger
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
? const start = new Date()
? await next()
? const ms = new Date() - start
? console.log(`${ctx.method} ${ctx.url} - ${ms}ms`)
})
// routes
app.use(index.routes(), index.allowedMethods())
app.use(users.routes(), users.allowedMethods())
// error-handling
app.on('error', (err, ctx) => {
? console.error('server error', err, ctx)
});
module.exports = app
```
user.js：
```
const mongoose = require('mongoose')
const feld={
? ? name: String,
? ? age: Number,
? ? //人物標(biāo)簽
? ? labels:Number
}
//自動(dòng)添加更新時(shí)間創(chuàng)建時(shí)間:
let personSchema = new mongoose.Schema(feld, {timestamps: {createdAt: 'created', updatedAt: 'updated'}})
module.exports= mongoose.model('User',personSchema)
```
修改app.js：
```
const Koa = require('koa')
const app = new Koa()
const views = require('koa-views')
const json = require('koa-json')
const onerror = require('koa-onerror')
const bodyparser = require('koa-bodyparser')
const logger = require('koa-logger')
const mongoose = require('mongoose')
const dbconfig = require('./db/config')
mongoose.connect(dbconfig.dbs,{useNewUrlParser: true,useUnifiedTopology: true})
const db = mongoose.connection
db.on('error',console.error.bind(console,'connection error:'));
db.once('open',function () {
? console.log('mongoose 連接成功')
});
// error handler
onerror(app)
// middlewares
app.use(bodyparser({
? enableTypes:['json', 'form', 'text']
}))
app.use(json())
app.use(logger())
app.use(require('koa-static')(__dirname + '/public'))
app.use(views(__dirname + '/views', {
? extension: 'pug'
}))
// logger
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
? const start = new Date()
? await next()
? const ms = new Date() - start
? console.log(`${ctx.method} ${ctx.url} - ${ms}ms`)
})
const index = require('./routes/index')
app.use(index.routes(), index.allowedMethods())
const users = require('./routes/users')
app.use(users.routes(), users.allowedMethods())
// error-handling
// routes
app.on('error', (err, ctx) => {
? console.error('server error', err, ctx)
});
module.exports = app
```
users.js中添加user的路由
projectName/routes/users.js：
```
const router = require('koa-router')()
const User = require('../db/models/user')
router.prefix('/users')
router.get('/add', function (ctx, next) {
? ctx.body = 'this is a users/add response'
})
router.get('/', function (ctx, next) {
? ctx.body = 'this is a users response!'
})
router.get('/bar', function (ctx, next) {
? ctx.body = 'this is a users/bar response'
})
module.exports = router
```
重啟項(xiàng)目
關(guān)閉正在運(yùn)行的dev后，重新啟動(dòng)服務(wù)
```
npm run dev
```
如果出現(xiàn)了一下信息颁独，則數(shù)據(jù)庫連接成功
```
E:\nodejs\node.exe E:\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\npm-cli.js run dev --scripts-prepend-node-path=auto
> projectName@0.1.0 dev E:\nodejs\vue\projectName
> nodemon bin/www
[nodemon] 1.19.4
[nodemon] to restart at any time, enter `rs`
[nodemon] watching dir(s): *.*
[nodemon] watching extensions: js,mjs,json
[nodemon] starting `node bin/www`
mongoose 連接成功
```
效果圖：
到此整個(gè)前后端平臺(tái)搭建成功彩届，可以開始創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目了
