一 詞闹获，詞組
1.organic
There is no style store; style is organic to the person doing the writing, as much a part of him as his hair, or, if he is bald, his lack of it.
organic的基本義是“和生物器官有關(guān)的”幌绍，在這里是指“不可或缺的一部分”鞍匾。風(fēng)格之于作家限嫌，就如同人的一部分愁拭。
2.out on a limb
Americans are unwilling to go out on a limb. A generation ago our leaders told us where they stood and what they believed. Today they perform strenuous verbal feats to escape that fate.
out on a limb指“得不到他人支持，處于孤立無援的境地”匣摘。這里是說以前美國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人還會明確告訴公眾他們的立場和信仰店诗，可是現(xiàn)在他們只會說冗長迂回的話，竭力避免揭示自己音榜。畢竟一旦犯了錯或作出了承諾庞瘸，想要收回就難辦了。
3. in ratio to
Writing improves in direct ratio to the number of things we can keep out of it that shouldn't be there.
ratio是“比例”的意思赠叼，常用結(jié)構(gòu)“ratio of A to B”擦囊，表示“A比B的比例”。這里in ratio to指“隨……而成比例增長”嘴办，和昨天出現(xiàn)過的in proportion to是同樣的意思瞬场。
4. drape
Consider all the prepositions that are draped onto verbs that don’t need any help.
drape本義是指布料及布料懸掛下來的樣子，作動詞時表示松垮地蓋住涧郊，批等贯被。在這里是說一些動詞本來不需要介詞，這些多余的介詞就成了動詞的累贅妆艘，好像是布料松松地搭在上面似的彤灶。
5. harbor
As for any worries that the public might harbor, his message was “l(fā)eave it to Al,” though what he actually said was ....
harbor作名詞時表示“避風(fēng)港，港灣”双仍，作動詞時通常表示“存有某種想法或感情”枢希，且通常是負面的。這里就指公眾懷有的擔憂朱沃。
二 干貨
bracket the clutter as follows:
1. the unnecessary preposition appended to a verb (“order up”)(free up, face up to)
2. the adverb that carries the same meaning as the verb (“smile happily”)
3. the adjective that states a known fact (“tall skyscraper”)
4. the little qualifiers that weaken any sentence they inhabit (“a bit,” “sort of”)
5. phrases that don’t mean anything(“in a sense”)
6. an entire sentence that essentially repeats what the previous sentence said
7. a sentence that says something readers don’t needto know
8. a sentence that can figure out for themselves
1.多余的介詞 order up苞轿，free up, face up to
2.和動詞意思重復(fù)的副詞 smile happily
3.多此一舉的形容詞 tall skyscraper
4.減弱句子力量的限定詞 a bit茅诱，sort of
5.說了像沒說一樣的短語 in a sense
6.重復(fù)前一句意思的句子
7.讀者沒必要知道的東西
8.讀者能自己讀出來的東西
三 摘抄
1. Be grateful for everything you can throw away.
這句話理解起來有許多方式。對于寫作而言搬卒，是去除不必要的內(nèi)容瑟俭。對于人而言，是認清對于自己不重要的東西契邀。和近年來興起的斷舍離有異曲同工之妙 - 在乎的少了摆寄，才會真正的在乎該在乎的東西。
2. Assume that you are the writer sitting down to write. You think your article must be of a certain length or it won’t seem important. You think how august it will look in print. You think of all the people who will read it. You think that it must have the solid weight of authority. You think that its style must dazzle. No wonder you tighten; you are so busy thinking of your awesome responsibility to the finished article that you can’t even start. Yet you vow to be worthy of the task, and, casting about for grand phrases that wouldn’t occur to you if you weren’t trying so hard to make an impression, you plunge in.
這一段作者假想在提筆寫作前坯门，寫作者可能的內(nèi)心活動微饥。他會想文章完成之后的一系列情景，卻遲遲無法動筆古戴。他對自己的文章設(shè)定了太高的期望值欠橘，于是千方百計找尋最宏偉的語言，想給讀者留下最深刻的印象现恼。因此肃续，文章不免流于捏造，有生硬之感叉袍。我認為這就是后面所說的a self-conscious attempt at a fancy prologue（順便提一下始锚，我本來看的是第25版，作者這句話原來是a self-conscious attempt at a fancy introduction）喳逛。寫作者太過在意讀者瞧捌，反而使自己在作品中的分量變少，“不像自己”了润文。
四 總結(jié)
Chapter 3: Clutter
Simplicity is the key to good non-fiction writing.
Chapter 4: Style
Believe in your own opinions and write it on confidently.
作者假想寫作前的一系列心理活動很像拖延癥患者的內(nèi)心戲啊察郁，這不就是我自己嗎，感覺被戳中痛點了转唉。
