老師叮嚀：李輝老師說，學(xué)任何東西先要把一些概念說清楚——名不正則言不順薪韩。做任何一門學(xué)

問确沸，要知道這里頭的概念說的是什么意思，就是正名的過程俘陷。因此罗捎，真正明白獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，至關(guān)重要拉盾！本文也將通過對獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的概括來幫助同學(xué)學(xué)會獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)桨菜。下文經(jīng)過了全網(wǎng)首席高考英語名師李輝老師團隊高度認(rèn)真的整理校對，無錯捉偏，可信倒得！可供全國各省高中打印、學(xué)習(xí)夭禽、背誦霞掺！

一、含義：

“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”實質(zhì)就是帶有自己主語的非限定狀語從句讹躯。它只能依附于句子存在菩彬，不能獨立存在，在句中有多種作用蜀撑。如：表原因挤巡、表條件剩彬、表方式酷麦、表伴隨、表時間等喉恋，在句中通常起狀語作用沃饶。

二母廷、形式：

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上有兩部分組成：第一部分有名詞或代詞擔(dān)任，第二部分由分詞糊肤、動詞不定式琴昆、形容詞、副詞馆揉、或介詞短語擔(dān)任业舍。

名詞/代詞+非謂語（現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞升酣，動詞不定式）

eg:?You crying,I smiled.

你哭舷暮，我笑。（現(xiàn)在分詞）

eg:?Good-bye said,he went home.

說再見噩茄，他回家了下面。（過去分詞）

eg:?So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.

有如此多的人來幫助他，他一定會成功的绩聘。（動詞不定式）

名詞/代詞+介詞短語

eg:?Hand in hand,we went home.

手拉手沥割，我們回家。

名詞/代詞+形容詞

eg:?He ugly,I am handsome.

他丑凿菩，我英俊机杜。

名詞/代詞+副詞

eg:?My mom home,I can't go out and play.

我的媽媽一回家，我就不能出去玩蓄髓。

按其結(jié)構(gòu)形式分為：—ing分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)叉庐；—ed分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；無動詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等会喝。1陡叠、There being nothing else to do, they gone away. 由于無事可做，他們離開了肢执。（代詞＋－ing枉阵；表原因）

2、The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed. 老人坐在椅子上预茄，閉著眼睛兴溜。（名詞＋－ed；表狀態(tài)）3耻陕、Miss Wang come into the classroom, books in hand. 王老師走進教室拙徽，手里拿著書。（無動詞結(jié)構(gòu)诗宣；表伴隨）三膘怕、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語作狀語的異同：1、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語都可以轉(zhuǎn)化成狀語從句召庞。但是岛心，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成狀語從句后来破，有自己的邏輯主語，與主句的主語不一致忘古；而分詞短語轉(zhuǎn)化為狀語從句后徘禁，從句的主語與主句的主語相同。eg:?If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend. ??

=Time permitting,we’d better have a rest at this weekend. 如果時間允許髓堪，本周末我們最好休息一下送朱。2、 還應(yīng)該注意干旁，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語不是總和主句的主語一致骤菠，而是主句的其他成分。語法上稱作“依著原則”疤孕；有些分詞結(jié)構(gòu)在句子上找不到它的邏輯主語商乎，語法上稱作“懸垂分詞”。eg:? Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time.

在屋里找表祭阀，用了我很長時間鹉戚。（依著原則）

eg: When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the root.

（我們）種花時必須小心，不能碰壞花根专控。（懸垂分詞）四抹凳、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與獨立成分的異同：1、有的分詞短語可以獨立存在伦腐，在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語赢底，實際上已經(jīng)成了習(xí)慣短語。

這些短語：generally speaking,?frankly speaking,?judging from,supposing等等柏蘑。eg: Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.

總的來說幸冻，這個規(guī)則很懂。2咳焚、有些固定短語是帶to的不定式洽损，表明說話人的立場和態(tài)度，在句中作獨立成分革半。

這些短語有：to be honest,?to be sure,?to tell you the truth,?to cut a long story short,

?to be frank,to make the matter worse等等碑定。

eg:? To tell you the truth, what I said at the meeting was not my opinion.

說實話，我在會上說的并不是我的意見又官。五延刘、with、without 引導(dǎo)的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)介詞with?/?without +賓語+賓語的補足語可以構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)六敬，上面討論過的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)碘赖。1、with+名詞代詞+形容詞 eg:? He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open. ? =He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.

他并不喜歡在窗戶關(guān)閉的時候睡覺。注意：在“with+名詞代詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中崖疤，也可用已形容詞化的-ing形式或-ed形式。eg:?With his son so disappointing,the old man felt unhappy. 由于兒子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快樂典勇。2劫哼、with+名詞代詞+副詞eg:? Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on. ??? =Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.

所有的燈都打開時，我們的學(xué)懈铙希看上去更美权烧。3、with+名詞代詞+介詞短語eg:? He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand

=He stood at the door, computer in hand.??? =He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.

他站在門口伤溉，手里拿著一部電腦般码。4．with+名詞代詞+動詞的-ed形式eg: With his homework done, Peter went out to play. ?? =When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.

作業(yè)做好了，彼得出去玩了乱顾。5．with+名詞代詞+動詞的-ing形式eg:? The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.??? =The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.

有這么多的孩子坐在他周圍板祝，那男子感到很高興。6．with+名詞代詞+動詞不定式eg:? The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.??? =The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.

有這么多的家庭作業(yè)要做走净，小男孩看上去很不開心券时。提示：在with?/?without的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with 能省略伏伯，但without 不能省略橘洞。eg: Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她沒再說什么話就離開了會議室。（without不能省略）六说搅、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能????獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中除了能充當(dāng)原因狀語炸枣、時間狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語外弄唧，還能作定語适肠。在形式上，“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”可位于句首候引、句中或句尾迂猴，并通常用逗號與主句隔開。

A．作狀語???獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語背伴，其功能相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句或并列分句沸毁。1．表示時間eg: Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. ??? =When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.

夜幕降臨，我們在一家小旅館住了下來傻寂。2．表示原因eg:? With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. ??? =As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

有許多難題要解決息尺，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過。3．表示條件eg:? Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.???=If weather permits疾掰，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.

如果天氣允許的話搂誉，我們下星期將舉行每年一次的運動會。提示：表示時間静檬、原因炭懊、條件的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般放在句首并级，并且不能保留連詞。

【誤】When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】Class(being)over, the students left their classroom.

下課了侮腹，學(xué)生都離開了教室嘲碧。

4．表示伴隨情況或補充說明eg:? Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. ??? =Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.

有兩百人在事故中喪生，其中許多是兒童父阻。

B．作定語???獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作定語愈涩，其功能相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。eg:? He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. （with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語加矛，修飾the student）?? =He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled.

他就是有許多問題要解決的那個人履婉。提示：在這里我們討論了很多用連詞連接的兩個句子改為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的情況。需要提示的是斟览，不是所有用連詞的地方都可以改為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)毁腿。eg: If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided. 如果你仔細(xì)檢查試卷的話，有些錯誤是可以避免的苛茂。（不要改為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）?

（資料部分來源于高考網(wǎng)狸棍。）