一挟冠、冠詞的特點(diǎn)
冠詞一般用在名詞的前面袍睡,對(duì)名詞起限定作用。不能離開名詞單獨(dú)存在控淡,所以冠詞屬于虛詞止潘。漢語語法中沒有冠詞這一類別。例如:
a book; an apple; the dog; the houses
記憶口訣:
冠詞用在名詞前竹伸,限定名詞作用顯;
冠詞切忌單獨(dú)用吧享,離開名詞就完蛋譬嚣。
二、冠詞的用法
冠詞分為不定冠詞殊鞭、定冠詞和零冠詞三類尼桶。
1泵督、不定冠詞的用法
不定冠詞a,an小腊,用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面秩冈,泛指一類人或物中的任何一個(gè)。
① 不定冠詞a丹锹,用于輔音音素開頭的名詞之前队他。例如:
a bed; a ship; a computer; a boy; a “U”;
② 不定冠詞an,用于元音音素開頭的名詞之前。 例如:
an egg; an ear; an umbrella; an ink-bottle; an hour; an orange
記憶口訣:
不定冠詞泛指“一”垢啼,后面的名詞須注意张肾;
開頭輔音用呃(a) 做,開頭元音嗯(an)代替馁启。
2、定冠詞the翠勉,用在單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前霉颠,也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前。
① 表示特指的人或物前朽们。例如:
The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.
手里拿著一枝花的那個(gè)男子是杰克诉位。
② 指說話人雙方都知道的人或物前。例如:
Lily, close the door, please.
莉莉請(qǐng)把門關(guān)上惜姐。
③ 在上文提到過椿息,第二次又提到的人或物前寝优。例如:
There is a man under the tree. The man is called James.
樹下有一個(gè)人,那個(gè)人叫詹姆斯孟抗。
④ 表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前钻心。例如:
The sun is bigger than the moon.
? ? 太陽比月亮大。
⑤ 用在序數(shù)詞前面摊沉。例如:
It is the first day of the new term.
今天是新學(xué)期第一天痒给。
⑥ 用在樂器名稱前苍柏。例如:
He often plays the violin at weekends.
他經(jīng)常在周末拉小提琴。
⑦ 用在形容詞最高級(jí)前棺棵。例如:
Spring is the best season in a year.
春季是一年中最美好的季節(jié)。
⑧ 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前母怜。例如:
I went to the Great Wall last week.
上周我去長城了棒动。
⑨ 用在國家名稱的縮寫前。例如:
He is from the UK.
? 他來自英國柜裸。
記憶口訣:
特指名詞the在前粱锐,掌握用法很簡單怜浅;
單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)均可用,可不可數(shù)無關(guān)聯(lián)恶座。
3、零冠詞
零冠詞是指名詞前不用冠詞的情況。
1) 國名韩脏,人名等專有名詞前桂敛,通常用零冠詞。例如:
Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer.
魯迅是一位偉大的中國作家术唬。
London is the capital of England.
倫敦是英國的首都滚澜。
China is a developing socialist country.
中國是一個(gè)發(fā)展中的社會(huì)主義國家博秫。
注意:組合國名或縮寫國名前,要加定冠詞。例如:
the United States 美國即寒;the U.K 英國。
2) 泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞逸爵,表示一類人或事物時(shí)凹嘲,通常用零冠詞。例如:
They are teachers.
他們是教師趋艘。
Books are my best friends.
書是我的好朋友凶朗。
Students should obey the school rules.
學(xué)生應(yīng)該遵守校規(guī)棚愤。
3) 抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常用零冠詞瘸洛。例如:
Failure is the mother of success次和。
失敗乃成功之母。
4) 物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)囚玫,通常用零冠詞读规。例如:
Man cannot live without water束亏。
人離開水就無法生存。
Cotton feels soft.
棉花摸起來柔軟定铜。
The desk is made of wood.
這張書桌是木制的怕敬。
5)按英語習(xí)慣东跪,在表示學(xué)科鹰溜、語言等名詞前丁恭,通常用零冠詞牲览。例如:
We are all interested in physics.
我們大家都對(duì)物理感興趣。
6)在季節(jié)贡必、月份痊硕、節(jié)日、 假日理逊、日期盒揉、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前刚盈,通常用零冠詞。例如:
School begins in September.
九月開學(xué)欲侮。
We go to school from Monday to Friday.
我們從星期一到星期五都上課肋联。
We have four seasons- spring, summer, autumn and winter.
一年有四季:春夏秋冬橄仍。
We often go to see a film on Sunday.
我們經(jīng)常周日去看電影。
Tomorrow is National Day.
明天是國慶節(jié)虑粥。
7) 在稱呼或表示官銜宪哩,職位的名詞前锁孟,通常用零冠詞但荤。例如:
The guards took the American to General Lee涧至。
士兵們把這個(gè)美國人送到李將軍那里南蓬。
Wilson became President of the U. S. A.
威爾遜當(dāng)了美國總統(tǒng)哑了。
He will be made captain of the football team.
他將被選為足球隊(duì)隊(duì)長弱左。
Professor Wang 王教授;Doctor Tompson 湯普生醫(yī)生
8) 在三餐跳夭、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前们镜,通常用零冠詞模狭。例如:
Won’t you stay and take lunch with us?
留在這兒吃午飯好嗎?
Let’s go and play basketball.
我們?nèi)ゴ蚧@球吧。
have breakfast; play chess; play football;
注意:在樂器前贩汉,必須加定冠詞匹舞。例如:
play the piano; play the violin
9) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí)宴树,通常用零冠詞。例如:
I can‘t write without pen or pencil又憨。
沒有鋼筆和鉛筆锭吨,我就寫不了字零如。
10) 當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用锄弱,表示一種方式時(shí)会宪,通常用零冠詞蚯窥。例如:
by bus; by train拦赠;
11) 有些個(gè)體名詞,直接置于介詞后荷鼠,表示某種活動(dòng)允乐,其前通常零冠詞。例如:
Jim has gone to bed.
吉姆已上床睡覺了敞临。
She goes to church every Sunday.
她每周星期天都去做禮拜麸澜。
go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病
go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病炊邦,而是有其他目的)
這類名詞常見的有:school,college窄俏,prison凹蜈,market忍啸,hospital,bed计雌,table悄晃,class,town凿滤,church妈橄,court 等庶近。
12) 固定短語:
一些常用的固定短語,通常是用零冠詞眷蚓。相見下表:
記憶口訣:
不用冠詞很常見鼻种,摘掉帽子稱零冠;
季節(jié)月份節(jié)假日溪椎,星期娛樂三餐飯;
步行運(yùn)動(dòng)乘交通校读,上學(xué)臥床去醫(yī)院。
三祖能、作業(yè)
1歉秫、在空格內(nèi)填上a或an
1) _____ ear? ? ? ? 2) ______ actor? ? 3) _____ hen? ? 4) ______ toy?
5) ______university? 6) ______ elephant? 7) _____ hat? ? 8) ______ umbrella?
9) ______ rabbit? ? 10) ______ idea? ? 11) ______ hour? 12)_______ honest boy?
13)______ interesting book? 14)______easy question? 15.______orange dress
16)_______ apple pie? 17)_______ X-ray machine? 18)______ ice cream
2、用a, an, the或“/”填空
1)________Washington is _______capital of ________United States of America.
2)There is _________”A” on his paper.
3)I ate ______apple. It’s _______red apple.
4)_______tall man over there is my boss.
5)_______earth moves around _________ sun.
6)No news is ________good news.
7)Have you visited ___________ Great Wall?
8)They often play _________ football after __________ school.
9)__________ Children need ________ love and _________ attention.
10)Are there any birds in _________ sky?
11)_________ student in the third row is _________ tallest in our class.
12).Did you have ________ breakfast this morning?
13)Mr. White will go to _________ Tokyo by _________ air.
14)By ________ way, do you know _________ old woman in glasses?
3养铸、選擇填空
1)Mom tells her little daughter ________ old story every night.
A. a? B. /? C. an? D. the
2)________ computer on the table is Susan’s.
A. A? B. An? C. The? D. /
3)There is ________ map of the world on ________ wall. ________ map is mine.
A. a, a, A? B. a, the, The? C. the, the, The? D. the, the, A
4)________ Whites live on ________ floor.
A. /, three? B. A, third? C. The, third? D. The, the third
5) ________Spring comes after ________ winter.
A. /, /? B.? The, /? C. The, the? D. A, the
6)I bought ________ shoes yesterday. ________ shoes are very beautiful.
A. a, The? B. a pair of, The? C. the, The? D. a pair, The pair
7)He was ________ soldier in the Second World War.
A. a? B. an? C. the? D. /
8)She can play ________ and ________ .
A. the tennis, the guitar? B. tennis, guitar
C. the tennis, guitar? ? ? D. tennis, the guitar
9)I can see ______ moon and ________ clouds in the sky.
A. the, a? B. a, a? C. the, /? D. the, the
10)________ “c” is in “cat.” ________ “s” is in “sat.”
A. An, An? B. An, A? C. A, A? D. A, An
11)________ Tian’anmen Square is in ________ Beijing.
A. /, /? B. A, /? C. The, /? D. /, the
12)— Can you tell me ________ nearest bookshop?
— Go straight and turn right at _______ third crossing, and you will see it.
A. the, a? B. the, the? C. a, the? D. the, /? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
四雁芙、答案