一、常用指令

1.從源碼生成.ll
clang main.c -emit-llvm -S -c -o main.ll
2.運(yùn)行.ll
lli main.ll
3.編譯匯編
llc main.ll
4.生成dot庄呈，得到可視化的DAG
llc -view-dag-combine1-dags main.ll
5.將源文件分別編譯為L(zhǎng)LVM二進(jìn)制代碼
clang -emit-llvm -c main.c -o main.bc
6.生成目標(biāo)文件蜕煌，通過系統(tǒng)鏈接器鏈接多個(gè)目標(biāo)文件，生成可執(zhí)行文件
llc -filetype=obj main.bc -o main.o
llc -filetype=obj sum.bc -o sum.o
clang main.o sum.o -o sum
7.使用優(yōu)化器優(yōu)化 IR/BC 代碼诬留，如將Store/Load優(yōu)化為PHYNode
opt t.bc -o t.opt.bc -O3
llvm-dis t.opt.bc -o t.opt.ll

https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002669213
https://blog.csdn.net/snsn1984/article/details/81041932
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_27885505/article/details/80366525
https://blog.csdn.net/ldzm_edu/article/details/50405182

二斜纪、一些規(guī)定

1.One interesting (and very important) aspect of the LLVM IR is that it requires all basic blocks to be “terminated” with a control flow instruction such as return or branch. This means that all control flow, including fall throughs must be made explicit in the LLVM IR.

2.The body code itself could consist of multiple blocks (e.g. if it contains an if/then/else or a for/in expression).

3.Unlike the C++ code, where the variable v could be either 0 or 1 or any other,but in the LLVM IR it has to be defined only once.

三、建議

1.細(xì)分變量文兑，為變量設(shè)置標(biāo)識(shí)符盒刚，這樣可以使得IR代碼中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)寄存器編號(hào)，增加代碼的可讀性绿贞。（IR代碼不可以調(diào)試）
例如將builder.CreateStore(builder.CreateLoad(src_i), builder.CreateGEP(dst_ptr, builder.CreateLoad(output_length)));優(yōu)化為
Value *output_idx = builder.CreateLoad(output_length, "output_idx");
Value *output_ptr = builder.CreateGEP(dst_ptr, output_idx, "output_ptr");
builder.CreateStore(src_i_val, output_ptr);

四因块、代碼清單

1.IR code

int main() {
  LLVMContext &context = TheContext;
  Module *module = new Module("module", context);
  IRBuilder<> builder(context);

  Constant* c = module->getOrInsertFunction("foo",
      /*ret type*/                           builder.getVoidTy(),
      /*args*/                               builder.getInt8PtrTy(),// src_ptr
                                             builder.getInt8Ty(),// target
                                             builder.getInt8PtrTy(),// dst_ptr
                                             builder.getInt8Ty(),// input_length
                                             builder.getInt8PtrTy()// output_length
                                             );

  Function *func = cast<Function>(c);
  func->setCallingConv(CallingConv::C);

  Function::arg_iterator it = func->arg_begin();
  Value* src_ptr = it++;
  Value* target = it++;
  Value* dst_ptr = it++;
  Value* input_length = it++;
  Value* output_length = it++;

  //BasicBlock *entry = BasicBlock::Create(context, "entry", func);
  BasicBlock *initial_i = BasicBlock::Create(context, "InitialI", func);
  BasicBlock *i_less_than_n = BasicBlock::Create(context, "IsIlessThanN", func);
  BasicBlock *op1 = BasicBlock::Create(context, "Operation1", func);
  BasicBlock *op2 = BasicBlock::Create(context, "Operation2", func);
  BasicBlock *increase_i = BasicBlock::Create(context, "IncreaseI", func);
  BasicBlock *ret = BasicBlock::Create(context, "Return", func);

  /// 1.Store/Load method
//  builder.SetInsertPoint(initial_i);
//  AllocaInst *iptr = builder.CreateAlloca(builder.getInt8Ty(), nullptr, "iptr");
//  builder.CreateStore(builder.getInt8(0), iptr);
//  builder.CreateBr(i_less_than_n);
//
//  builder.SetInsertPoint(i_less_than_n);
//  Value* iLessThanN = builder.CreateICmpULT(builder.CreateLoad(iptr), input_length, "cmp");
//  builder.CreateCondBr(iLessThanN, op1, ret);
//
//  builder.SetInsertPoint(op1);
//  Value* src_i = builder.CreateGEP(src_ptr, builder.CreateLoad(iptr), "src[i]");
//  Value* srcGreaterThanTarget = builder.CreateICmpUGT(builder.CreateLoad(src_i), target, "IsSrcIGreaterThanTarget");
//  builder.CreateCondBr(srcGreaterThanTarget, op2, increase_i);
//
//  builder.SetInsertPoint(op2);
//  builder.CreateStore(builder.CreateLoad(src_i), builder.CreateGEP(dst_ptr, builder.CreateLoad(output_length)));
//  Value* new_output_length = builder.CreateAdd(builder.CreateLoad(output_length), builder.getInt8(1));
//  builder.CreateStore(new_output_length, output_length);
//  builder.CreateBr(increase_i);
//
//  builder.SetInsertPoint(increase_i);
//  Value* new_i = builder.CreateAdd(builder.CreateLoad(iptr), builder.getInt8(1), "new_i");
//  builder.CreateStore(new_i, iptr);
//  builder.CreateBr(i_less_than_n);
//
//  builder.SetInsertPoint(ret);
//  builder.CreateRetVoid();

  /// 2.PHINode method
  builder.SetInsertPoint(initial_i);
  Value* i = builder.getInt8(0);
  builder.CreateBr(i_less_than_n);

  builder.SetInsertPoint(i_less_than_n);
  PHINode* phi = builder.CreatePHI(builder.getInt8Ty(), 2, "phi");
  Value* next_v = builder.CreateAdd(phi, builder.getInt8(1), "nextvar");
  phi->addIncoming(i, initial_i);
  phi->addIncoming(next_v, increase_i);
  Value* iLessThanN = builder.CreateICmpULT(phi, input_length, "cmp");
  builder.CreateCondBr(iLessThanN, op1, ret);

  builder.SetInsertPoint(op1);
  Value* src_i = builder.CreateGEP(src_ptr, phi, "src[i]");
  Value* srcGreaterThanTarget = builder.CreateICmpUGT(builder.CreateLoad(src_i), target, "IsSrcIGreaterThanTarget");
  builder.CreateCondBr(srcGreaterThanTarget, op2, increase_i);

  builder.SetInsertPoint(op2);
  builder.CreateStore(builder.CreateLoad(src_i), builder.CreateGEP(dst_ptr, builder.CreateLoad(output_length)));
  Value* new_output_length = builder.CreateAdd(builder.CreateLoad(output_length), builder.getInt8(1));
  builder.CreateStore(new_output_length, output_length);
  builder.CreateBr(increase_i);

  builder.SetInsertPoint(increase_i);
  builder.CreateBr(i_less_than_n);

  builder.SetInsertPoint(ret);
  builder.CreateRetVoid();

  /// Configuring the module
  InitializeAllTargetInfos();
  InitializeAllTargets();
  InitializeAllTargetMCs();
  InitializeAllAsmParsers();
  InitializeAllAsmPrinters();

  auto TargetTriple = sys::getDefaultTargetTriple();
  module->setTargetTriple(TargetTriple);
  std::string Error;
  auto Target = TargetRegistry::lookupTarget(TargetTriple, Error);

  if (!Target) {
    std::cout << "No target\n";
    errs() << Error;
    return 1;
  }

  auto CPU = "generic";
  TargetOptions opt;
  auto RM = Optional<Reloc::Model>();
  auto TheTargetMachine = Target->createTargetMachine(TargetTriple, CPU, "", opt, RM);
  module->setDataLayout(TheTargetMachine->createDataLayout());
  //module->dump();

  /// Emit .o file
  auto Filename = "output.o";
  std::error_code EC;
  raw_fd_ostream dest(Filename, EC, sys::fs::F_None);

  if (EC) {
      std::cout << "Could not open file\n";
      errs() << "Could not open file: " << EC.message();
      return 1;
  }

  legacy::PassManager pass;
  auto FileType = TargetMachine::CGFT_ObjectFile;

  if (TheTargetMachine->addPassesToEmitFile(pass, dest, FileType)) {
      std::cout << "TheTargetMachine can't emit a file of this type\n";
      errs() << "TheTargetMachine can't emit a file of this type";
      return 1;
  }

  pass.run(*module);
  dest.flush();

  outs() << "Wrote " << Filename << "\n";
}

2.JIT code

#include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
#include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LegacyPassManager.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Type.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Verifier.h"
#include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Host.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include "llvm/Support/TargetRegistry.h"
#include "llvm/Support/TargetSelect.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetOptions.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar/GVN.h"
#include "../include/KaleidoscopeJIT.h"
#include <string>
#include <system_error>
#include <iostream>


using namespace llvm;
using namespace llvm::orc;

static LLVMContext context;
static IRBuilder<> builder(context);
static std::unique_ptr<Module> module;
static KaleidoscopeJIT::ModuleHandleT H;
static std::unique_ptr<KaleidoscopeJIT> TheJIT;

typedef void foo_type_t(int32_t *, int32_t, int32_t *, int32_t, int32_t *);

void buildFunction() {
    typedef llvm::FunctionType *pType;

    std::vector<llvm::Type *> func_arg_types;
    func_arg_types.push_back(llvm::Type::getInt32PtrTy(context, 0));
    func_arg_types.push_back(llvm::Type::getInt32Ty(context));
    func_arg_types.push_back(llvm::Type::getInt32PtrTy(context, 0));
    func_arg_types.push_back(llvm::Type::getInt32Ty(context));
    func_arg_types.push_back(llvm::Type::getInt32PtrTy(context, 0));

    pType func_type = llvm::FunctionType::get(llvm::Type::getVoidTy(context),
                                              func_arg_types,
                                              false);

    llvm::Function *func = llvm::Function::Create(func_type, llvm::GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage, "foo", module.get());
    func->setCallingConv(CallingConv::C);

    Function::arg_iterator it = func->arg_begin();
    it->setName("src_ptr");
    Value *src_ptr = it++;
    it->setName("target");
    Value *target = it++;
    it->setName("dst_ptr");
    Value *dst_ptr = it++;
    it->setName("input_length");
    Value *input_length = it++;
    it->setName("output_length");
    Value *output_length = it;

    BasicBlock *initial_i = BasicBlock::Create(context, "InitialI", func);
    BasicBlock *i_less_than_n = BasicBlock::Create(context, "IsIlessThanN", func);
    BasicBlock *op1 = BasicBlock::Create(context, "Operation1", func);
    BasicBlock *op2 = BasicBlock::Create(context, "Operation2", func);
    BasicBlock *increase_i = BasicBlock::Create(context, "IncreaseI", func);
    BasicBlock *ret = BasicBlock::Create(context, "Return", func);

    /// 1.Store/Load method
    builder.SetInsertPoint(initial_i);
    AllocaInst *idx = builder.CreateAlloca(builder.getInt32Ty(), nullptr, "idx");
    builder.CreateStore(builder.getInt32(0), idx);
    builder.CreateBr(i_less_than_n);

    builder.SetInsertPoint(i_less_than_n);
    Value *iLessThanN = builder.CreateICmpSLT(builder.CreateLoad(idx), input_length, "cmp");
    builder.CreateCondBr(iLessThanN, op1, ret);

    builder.SetInsertPoint(op1);
    Value *src_i = builder.CreateGEP(src_ptr, builder.CreateLoad(idx), "src_i_ptr");
    Value *src_i_val = builder.CreateLoad(src_i, "src_i_val");
    Value *srcGreaterThanTarget = builder.CreateICmpSGT(src_i_val, target, "IsSrcIGreaterThanTarget");
    builder.CreateCondBr(srcGreaterThanTarget, op2, increase_i);

    builder.SetInsertPoint(op2);
    Value *output_idx = builder.CreateLoad(output_length, "output_idx");
    Value *output_ptr = builder.CreateGEP(dst_ptr, output_idx, "output_ptr");
    builder.CreateStore(src_i_val, output_ptr);
    output_idx = builder.CreateAdd(output_idx, builder.getInt32(1), "output_idx");
    builder.CreateStore(output_idx, output_length);
    builder.CreateBr(increase_i);

    builder.SetInsertPoint(increase_i);
    Value *next_idx = builder.CreateAdd(builder.CreateLoad(idx), builder.getInt32(1), "next_idx");
    builder.CreateStore(next_idx, idx);
    builder.CreateBr(i_less_than_n);

    builder.SetInsertPoint(ret);
    builder.CreateRetVoid();

    /// 2.PHINode method
//    builder.SetInsertPoint(initial_i);
//    builder.CreateBr(i_less_than_n);
//
//    builder.SetInsertPoint(i_less_than_n);
//    PHINode *idx = builder.CreatePHI(builder.getInt32Ty(), 2, "idx");
//
//    Value *iLessThanN = builder.CreateICmpSLT(idx, input_length, "cmp");
//    builder.CreateCondBr(iLessThanN, op1, ret);
//
//    builder.SetInsertPoint(op1);
//    Value *src_i = builder.CreateGEP(src_ptr, idx, "src_i_ptr");
//    Value *src_val = builder.CreateLoad(src_i,"src_i_val");
//    Value *srcGreaterThanTarget = builder.CreateICmpSGT(src_val, target, "IsSrcIGreaterThanTarget");
//    builder.CreateCondBr(srcGreaterThanTarget, op2, increase_i);
//
//    builder.SetInsertPoint(op2);
//    Value *output_idx = builder.CreateLoad(output_length,"output_idx");
//    Value *output_ptr = builder.CreateGEP(dst_ptr,output_idx,"output_ptr");
//    builder.CreateStore(src_val,output_ptr);
//    output_idx = builder.CreateAdd(output_idx,builder.getInt32(1),"output_idx");
//    builder.CreateStore(output_idx,output_length);
//    builder.CreateBr(increase_i);
//
//    builder.SetInsertPoint(increase_i);
//    Value *next_v = builder.CreateAdd(idx, builder.getInt32(1), "nextvar");
//    idx->addIncoming(builder.getInt32(0), initial_i);
//    idx->addIncoming(next_v, increase_i);
//
//    builder.CreateBr(i_less_than_n);
//
//    builder.SetInsertPoint(ret);
//    builder.CreateRetVoid();
}

foo_type_t *getFunctionPtr() {
    InitializeNativeTarget();
    InitializeNativeTargetAsmPrinter();
    InitializeNativeTargetAsmParser();

    TheJIT = llvm::make_unique<KaleidoscopeJIT>();
    module = llvm::make_unique<Module>("module", context);
    module->setDataLayout(TheJIT->getTargetMachine().createDataLayout());

    buildFunction();

    module->dump();

    H = TheJIT->addModule(std::move(module));
    auto ExprSymbol = TheJIT->findSymbol("foo");
    if (!(ExprSymbol && "Function not found")) {
        std::cout << "Error! Function not found\n";
    }

    auto FP = (foo_type_t *) (intptr_t) cantFail(ExprSymbol.getAddress());

    return FP;
}

int main() {
    int32_t src_ptr[10] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0};
    int32_t dst_ptr[10];
    int32_t output_length = 0;

    auto FP = getFunctionPtr();
    FP(src_ptr, 5, dst_ptr, 10, &output_length);

    for (int i = 0; i < output_length; ++i) {
        std::cout << (int) dst_ptr[i] << "\n";
    }

    TheJIT->removeModule(H);
    return 0;
}

3.optimize the specific pass Code

//set(LLVM_LINK_COMPONENTS Passes)
#include "llvm/Passes/PassBuilder.h"

void optimize() {
    llvm::PassBuilder passBuilder;
    llvm::LoopAnalysisManager loopAnalysisManager(true);
    llvm::FunctionAnalysisManager functionAnalysisManager(true);
    llvm::CGSCCAnalysisManager cGSCCAnalysisManager(true);
    llvm::ModuleAnalysisManager moduleAnalysisManager(true);

    passBuilder.registerModuleAnalyses(moduleAnalysisManager);
    passBuilder.registerCGSCCAnalyses(cGSCCAnalysisManager);
    passBuilder.registerFunctionAnalyses(functionAnalysisManager);
    passBuilder.registerLoopAnalyses(loopAnalysisManager);
    passBuilder.crossRegisterProxies(loopAnalysisManager,
                                     functionAnalysisManager,
                                     cGSCCAnalysisManager,
                                     moduleAnalysisManager);

    llvm::ModulePassManager
        modulePassManager = passBuilder.buildPerModuleDefaultPipeline(llvm::PassBuilder::OptimizationLevel::O3);
    modulePassManager.run(*module, moduleAnalysisManager);
}

4.Full Coding List (including the optimization method)

// toy.cpp
#include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
#include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LegacyPassManager.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Type.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Verifier.h"
#include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Host.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include "llvm/Support/TargetRegistry.h"
#include "llvm/Support/TargetSelect.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetOptions.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar/GVN.h"
#include "../include/KaleidoscopeJIT.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/IPO.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/IPO/AlwaysInliner.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/IPO/PassManagerBuilder.h"
#include <string>
#include <system_error>
#include <iostream>


using namespace llvm;
using namespace llvm::orc;

static LLVMContext context;
static IRBuilder<> builder(context);
static std::unique_ptr<Module> module;
static KaleidoscopeJIT::ModuleHandleT H;
static std::unique_ptr<KaleidoscopeJIT> TheJIT;

typedef void foo_type_t(int32_t *, int32_t, int32_t *, int32_t, int32_t *);

void buildFunction() {
    typedef llvm::FunctionType *pType;

    std::vector<llvm::Type *> func_arg_types;
    func_arg_types.push_back(llvm::Type::getInt32PtrTy(context, 0));
    func_arg_types.push_back(llvm::Type::getInt32Ty(context));
    func_arg_types.push_back(llvm::Type::getInt32PtrTy(context, 0));
    func_arg_types.push_back(llvm::Type::getInt32Ty(context));
    func_arg_types.push_back(llvm::Type::getInt32PtrTy(context, 0));

    pType func_type = llvm::FunctionType::get(llvm::Type::getVoidTy(context),
                                              func_arg_types,
                                              false);

    llvm::Function *func = llvm::Function::Create(func_type, llvm::GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage, "foo", module.get());
    func->setCallingConv(CallingConv::C);

    Function::arg_iterator it = func->arg_begin();
    it->setName("src_ptr");
    Value *src_ptr = it++;
    it->setName("target");
    Value *target = it++;
    it->setName("dst_ptr");
    Value *dst_ptr = it++;
    it->setName("input_length");
    Value *input_length = it++;
    it->setName("output_length");
    Value *output_length = it;

    BasicBlock *initial_i = BasicBlock::Create(context, "InitialI", func);
    BasicBlock *i_less_than_n = BasicBlock::Create(context, "IsIlessThanN", func);
    BasicBlock *op1 = BasicBlock::Create(context, "Operation1", func);
    BasicBlock *op2 = BasicBlock::Create(context, "Operation2", func);
    BasicBlock *increase_i = BasicBlock::Create(context, "IncreaseI", func);
    BasicBlock *ret = BasicBlock::Create(context, "Return", func);

    builder.SetInsertPoint(initial_i);
    AllocaInst *idx = builder.CreateAlloca(builder.getInt32Ty(), nullptr, "idx");
    builder.CreateStore(builder.getInt32(0), idx);
    builder.CreateBr(i_less_than_n);

    builder.SetInsertPoint(i_less_than_n);
    Value *iLessThanN = builder.CreateICmpSLT(builder.CreateLoad(idx), input_length, "cmp");
    builder.CreateCondBr(iLessThanN, op1, ret);

    builder.SetInsertPoint(op1);
    Value *src_i = builder.CreateGEP(src_ptr, builder.CreateLoad(idx), "src_i_ptr");
    Value *src_i_val = builder.CreateLoad(src_i, "src_i_val");
    Value *srcGreaterThanTarget = builder.CreateICmpSGT(src_i_val, target, "IsSrcIGreaterThanTarget");
    builder.CreateCondBr(srcGreaterThanTarget, op2, increase_i);

    builder.SetInsertPoint(op2);
    Value *output_idx = builder.CreateLoad(output_length, "output_idx");
    Value *output_ptr = builder.CreateGEP(dst_ptr, output_idx, "output_ptr");
    builder.CreateStore(src_i_val, output_ptr);
    output_idx = builder.CreateAdd(output_idx, builder.getInt32(1), "output_idx");
    builder.CreateStore(output_idx, output_length);
    builder.CreateBr(increase_i);

    builder.SetInsertPoint(increase_i);
    Value *next_idx = builder.CreateAdd(builder.CreateLoad(idx), builder.getInt32(1), "next_idx");
    builder.CreateStore(next_idx, idx);
    builder.CreateBr(i_less_than_n);

    builder.SetInsertPoint(ret);
    builder.CreateRetVoid();
}

static void AddOptimizationPasses(legacy::PassManager &PM,
                                  TargetMachine *TM) {
    PassManagerBuilder PMB;

    int OptLevel = 3;
    int SizeLevel = 0;
    
    PMB.OptLevel = OptLevel;
    PMB.SizeLevel = SizeLevel;

    PMB.Inliner = createFunctionInliningPass(OptLevel, SizeLevel, false);

    PMB.DisableUnitAtATime = false;
    PMB.DisableUnrollLoops = false;
    PMB.LoopVectorize = true;
    PMB.SLPVectorize = true;

    if (TM) {
        TM->adjustPassManager(PMB);
    }

    PMB.populateModulePassManager(PM);
}

foo_type_t *getFunctionPtr() {
    InitializeNativeTarget();
    InitializeNativeTargetAsmPrinter();
    InitializeNativeTargetAsmParser();

    TheJIT = llvm::make_unique<KaleidoscopeJIT>();
    module = llvm::make_unique<Module>("module", context);
    module->setDataLayout(TheJIT->getTargetMachine().createDataLayout());

    buildFunction();
    module->dump();

    legacy::PassManager PM;
    AddOptimizationPasses(PM, &(TheJIT->getTargetMachine()));
    PM.run(*module);

    std::cout << "\nAfter optimization...\n";
    module->dump();

    H = TheJIT->addModule(std::move(module));

    auto ExprSymbol = TheJIT->findSymbol("foo");
    if (!(ExprSymbol && "Function not found")) {
        std::cout << "Error! Function not found\n";
    }

    auto FP = (foo_type_t *) (intptr_t) cantFail(ExprSymbol.getAddress());

    return FP;
}

int main() {
    int32_t src_ptr[10] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0};
    int32_t dst_ptr[10];
    int32_t output_length = 0;

    auto FP = getFunctionPtr();
    FP(src_ptr, 5, dst_ptr, 10, &output_length);

    for (int i = 0; i < output_length; ++i) {
        std::cout << (int) dst_ptr[i] << "\n";
    }

    TheJIT->removeModule(H);
    return 0;
}



//CmakeList
set(LLVM_LINK_COMPONENTS
        #  all
        Analysis
        Core
        ExecutionEngine
        InstCombine
        Object
        RuntimeDyld
        ScalarOpts
        Support
        native
        ipo
        )

add_kaleidoscope_chapter(Kaleidoscope-Ch3
        toy.cpp
        )



//KaleidoscopeJIT.h


//===- KaleidoscopeJIT.h - A simple JIT for Kaleidoscope --------*- C++ -*-===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Contains a simple JIT definition for use in the kaleidoscope tutorials.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#ifndef LLVM_EXECUTIONENGINE_ORC_KALEIDOSCOPEJIT_H
#define LLVM_EXECUTIONENGINE_ORC_KALEIDOSCOPEJIT_H

#include "llvm/ADT/iterator_range.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h"
#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/JITSymbol.h"
#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/RTDyldMemoryManager.h"
#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/SectionMemoryManager.h"
#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/CompileUtils.h"
#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/IRCompileLayer.h"
#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/LambdaResolver.h"
#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc/RTDyldObjectLinkingLayer.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DataLayout.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Mangler.h"
#include "llvm/Support/DynamicLibrary.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

namespace llvm {
namespace orc {

class KaleidoscopeJIT {
public:
  using ObjLayerT = RTDyldObjectLinkingLayer;
  using CompileLayerT = IRCompileLayer<ObjLayerT, SimpleCompiler>;
  using ModuleHandleT = CompileLayerT::ModuleHandleT;

  KaleidoscopeJIT()
      : TM(EngineBuilder().selectTarget()), DL(TM->createDataLayout()),
        ObjectLayer([]() { return std::make_shared<SectionMemoryManager>(); }),
        CompileLayer(ObjectLayer, SimpleCompiler(*TM)) {
    llvm::sys::DynamicLibrary::LoadLibraryPermanently(nullptr);
  }

  TargetMachine &getTargetMachine() { return *TM; }

  ModuleHandleT addModule(std::unique_ptr<Module> M) {
    // We need a memory manager to allocate memory and resolve symbols for this
    // new module. Create one that resolves symbols by looking back into the
    // JIT.
    auto Resolver = createLambdaResolver(
        [&](const std::string &Name) {
          if (auto Sym = findMangledSymbol(Name))
            return Sym;
          return JITSymbol(nullptr);
        },
        [](const std::string &S) { return nullptr; });
    auto H = cantFail(CompileLayer.addModule(std::move(M),
                                             std::move(Resolver)));

    ModuleHandles.push_back(H);
    return H;
  }

  void removeModule(ModuleHandleT H) {
    ModuleHandles.erase(find(ModuleHandles, H));
    cantFail(CompileLayer.removeModule(H));
  }

  JITSymbol findSymbol(const std::string Name) {
    return findMangledSymbol(mangle(Name));
  }

private:
  std::string mangle(const std::string &Name) {
    std::string MangledName;
    {
      raw_string_ostream MangledNameStream(MangledName);
      Mangler::getNameWithPrefix(MangledNameStream, Name, DL);
    }
    return MangledName;
  }

  JITSymbol findMangledSymbol(const std::string &Name) {
#ifdef LLVM_ON_WIN32
    // The symbol lookup of ObjectLinkingLayer uses the SymbolRef::SF_Exported
    // flag to decide whether a symbol will be visible or not, when we call
    // IRCompileLayer::findSymbolIn with ExportedSymbolsOnly set to true.
    //
    // But for Windows COFF objects, this flag is currently never set.
    // For a potential solution see: https://reviews.llvm.org/rL258665
    // For now, we allow non-exported symbols on Windows as a workaround.
    const bool ExportedSymbolsOnly = false;
#else
    const bool ExportedSymbolsOnly = true;
#endif

    // Search modules in reverse order: from last added to first added.
    // This is the opposite of the usual search order for dlsym, but makes more
    // sense in a REPL where we want to bind to the newest available definition.
    for (auto H : make_range(ModuleHandles.rbegin(), ModuleHandles.rend()))
      if (auto Sym = CompileLayer.findSymbolIn(H, Name, ExportedSymbolsOnly))
        return Sym;

    // If we can't find the symbol in the JIT, try looking in the host process.
    if (auto SymAddr = RTDyldMemoryManager::getSymbolAddressInProcess(Name))
      return JITSymbol(SymAddr, JITSymbolFlags::Exported);

#ifdef LLVM_ON_WIN32
    // For Windows retry without "_" at beginning, as RTDyldMemoryManager uses
    // GetProcAddress and standard libraries like msvcrt.dll use names
    // with and without "_" (for example "_itoa" but "sin").
    if (Name.length() > 2 && Name[0] == '_')
      if (auto SymAddr =
              RTDyldMemoryManager::getSymbolAddressInProcess(Name.substr(1)))
        return JITSymbol(SymAddr, JITSymbolFlags::Exported);
#endif

    return nullptr;
  }

  std::unique_ptr<TargetMachine> TM;
  const DataLayout DL;
  ObjLayerT ObjectLayer;
  CompileLayerT CompileLayer;
  std::vector<ModuleHandleT> ModuleHandles;
};

} // end namespace orc
} // end namespace llvm

#endif // LLVM_EXECUTIONENGINE_ORC_KALEIDOSCOPEJIT_H

5.debug

Function *get_printf(Module *mod) {
    const char *fun_name = "printf";
    Function *func = mod->getFunction(fun_name);
    if (func == nullptr) {
        FunctionType *func_type = FunctionType::get(
            Type::getInt32Ty(mod->getContext()),
            {Type::getInt8PtrTy(mod->getContext())},
            true);
        func = Function::Create(func_type, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage, fun_name, mod);
    }
    return func;
}

void Debug(Value *val) {
    auto printf_ptr = get_printf(module.get());
    builder.CreateCall(printf_ptr,
                       {builder.CreateGlobalStringPtr("[Llvm Debug] value = %lx\n"), val});
}

五、參考

http://llvm.org/docs/
https://llvm.org/docs/tutorial/index.html
http://llvm.org/docs/DebuggingJITedCode.html
http://releases.llvm.org/2.6/docs/tutorial/JITTutorial2.html
http://releases.llvm.org/2.7/docs/UsingLibraries.html
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31279623/llvm-optimization-using-c-api
debug
https://blog.csdn.net/adream307/article/details/83820543