三供汛、SpringBoot原理分析

3.1 起步依賴原理分析

3.1.1 分析spring-boot-starter-parent

按住Ctrl點(diǎn)擊pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-parent纸镊，跳轉(zhuǎn)到了spring-boot-starter-parent的pom.xml被去，xml配置如下（只摘抄了部分重點(diǎn)配置）：

<parent>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
  <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
  <relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
</parent>

按住Ctrl點(diǎn)擊pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-dependencies梯皿，跳轉(zhuǎn)到了spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml仇箱，xml配置如下（只摘抄了部分重點(diǎn)配置）：

<properties>
    <activemq.version>5.15.3</activemq.version>
    <antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version>
    <appengine-sdk.version>1.9.63</appengine-sdk.version>
    <artemis.version>2.4.0</artemis.version>
    <aspectj.version>1.8.13</aspectj.version>
    <assertj.version>3.9.1</assertj.version>
    <atomikos.version>4.0.6</atomikos.version>
    <bitronix.version>2.1.4</bitronix.version>
    <build-helper-maven-plugin.version>3.0.0</build-helper-maven-plugin.version>
    <byte-buddy.version>1.7.11</byte-buddy.version>
    ... ... ...
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        ... ... ...
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
    <pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
                <artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${kotlin.version}</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.jooq</groupId>
                <artifactId>jooq-codegen-maven</artifactId>
                <version>${jooq.version}</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
            </plugin>
            ... ... ...
        </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
</build>

從上面的spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml中我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，一部分坐標(biāo)的版本东羹、依賴管理剂桥、插件管理已經(jīng)定義好，所以我們的SpringBoot工程繼承spring-boot-starter-parent后已經(jīng)具備版本鎖定等配置了属提。所以起步依賴的作用就是進(jìn)行依賴的傳遞权逗。

3.1.2 分析spring-boot-starter-web

按住Ctrl點(diǎn)擊pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-web，跳轉(zhuǎn)到了spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml冤议，xml配置如下（只摘抄了部分重點(diǎn)配置）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starters</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
    <name>Spring Boot Web Starter</name>
  
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.9.Final</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

從上面的spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml中我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)斟薇，spring-boot-starter-web就是將web開(kāi)發(fā)要使用的spring-web、spring-webmvc等坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行了“打包”恕酸，這樣我們的工程只要引入spring-boot-starter-web起步依賴的坐標(biāo)就可以進(jìn)行web開(kāi)發(fā)了堪滨，同樣體現(xiàn)了依賴傳遞的作用。

3.2 自動(dòng)配置原理解析

按住Ctrl點(diǎn)擊查看啟動(dòng)類MySpringBootApplication上的注解@SpringBootApplication

@SpringBootApplication
public class MySpringBootApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MySpringBootApplication.class);
    }
}

注解@SpringBootApplication的源碼

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

    /**
     * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
     * @return the classes to exclude
     */
    @AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

    ... ... ...

}

其中蕊温，

@SpringBootConfiguration：等同與@Configuration袱箱，既標(biāo)注該類是Spring的一個(gè)配置類

@EnableAutoConfiguration：SpringBoot自動(dòng)配置功能開(kāi)啟

按住Ctrl點(diǎn)擊查看注解@EnableAutoConfiguration

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
    ... ... ...
}

其中，@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) 導(dǎo)入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector類

按住Ctrl點(diǎn)擊查看AutoConfigurationImportSelector源碼

public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        ... ... ...
        List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
                                                                   attributes);
        configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
        Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
        checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
        configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
        configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
        fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
        return StringUtils.toStringArray(configurations);
}


protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
            AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
        List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
                getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
        
        return configurations;
}

其中寿弱，SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames 方法的作用就是從META-INF/spring.factories文件中讀取指定類對(duì)應(yīng)的類名稱列表

spring.factories 文件中有關(guān)自動(dòng)配置的配置信息如下：

... ... ...

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\

... ... ...

上面配置文件存在大量的以Configuration為結(jié)尾的類名稱犯眠，這些類就是存有自動(dòng)配置信息的類按灶，而SpringApplication在獲取這些類名后再加載

我們以ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration為例來(lái)分析源碼：

@Configuration
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRequest.class)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)
@Import({ ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class,
        ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat.class,
        ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedJetty.class,
        ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedUndertow.class })
public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration {
    ... ... ...
}

其中症革，

@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class) 代表加載ServerProperties服務(wù)器配置屬性類

進(jìn)入ServerProperties.class源碼如下：

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "server", ignoreUnknownFields = true)
public class ServerProperties {

    /**
     * Server HTTP port.
     */
    private Integer port;

    /**
     * Network address to which the server should bind.
     */
    private InetAddress address;
  
    ... ... ...
  
}

其中，

prefix = "server" 表示SpringBoot配置文件中的前綴鸯旁，SpringBoot會(huì)將配置文件中以server開(kāi)始的屬性映射到該類的字段中噪矛。映射關(guān)系如下：