正則表達(dá)式或“regex”用于匹配字符串的各個部分,下面是作者創(chuàng)建正則表達(dá)式的備忘單歌径,供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考徊哑。
匹配正則
使用 .test()
方法
let testString = "My test string";
let testRegex = /string/;
testRegex.test(testString);
匹配多個模式
使用操作符號|
const regex = /yes|no|maybe/;
忽略大小寫
使用i標(biāo)志表示忽略大小寫
const caseInsensitiveRegex = /ignore case/i;
const testString = 'We use the i flag to iGnOrE CasE';
caseInsensitiveRegex.test(testString); // true
提取變量的第一個匹配項
使用.match()
方法
const match = "Hello World!".match(/hello/i); // "Hello"
提取數(shù)組中的所有匹配項
使用 g
標(biāo)志
const testString = "Repeat repeat rePeAT";
const regexWithAllMatches = /Repeat/gi;
testString.match(regexWithAllMatches); // ["Repeat", "repeat", "rePeAT"]
匹配任意字符
使用通配符.
作為任何字符的占位符
// To match "cat", "BAT", "fAT", "mat"
const regexWithWildcard = /.at/gi;
const testString = "cat BAT cupcake fAT mat dog";
const allMatchingWords = testString.match(regexWithWildcard); // ["cat", "BAT", "fAT", "mat"]
用多種可能性匹配單個字符
使用字符類润梯,你可以使用它來定義要匹配的一組字符
把它們放在方括號里 []
//匹配 "cat" "fat" and "mat" 但不匹配 "bat"
const regexWithCharClass = /[cfm]at/g;
const testString = "cat fat bat mat";
const allMatchingWords = testString.match(regexWithCharClass); // ["cat", "fat", "mat"]
匹配字母表中的字母
使用字符集內(nèi)的范圍[a-z]
const regexWidthCharRange = /[a-e]at/;
const regexWithCharRange = /[a-e]at/;
const catString = "cat";
const batString = "bat";
const fatString = "fat";
regexWithCharRange.test(catString); // true
regexWithCharRange.test(batString); // true
regexWithCharRange.test(fatString); // false
匹配特定的數(shù)字和字母
你還可以使用連字符來匹配數(shù)字
const regexWithLetterAndNumberRange = /[a-z0-9]/ig;
const testString = "Emma19382";
testString.match(regexWithLetterAndNumberRange) // true
匹配單個未知字符
要匹配您不想擁有的一組字符,使用否定字符集^
const allCharsNotVowels = /[^aeiou]/gi;
const allCharsNotVowelsOrNumbers = /[^aeiou0-9]/gi;
匹配一行中出現(xiàn)一次或多次的字符
使用 +
標(biāo)志
const oneOrMoreAsRegex = /a+/gi;
const oneOrMoreSsRegex = /s+/gi;
const cityInFlorida = "Tallahassee";
cityInFlorida.match(oneOrMoreAsRegex); // ['a', 'a', 'a'];
cityInFlorida.match(oneOrMoreSsRegex); // ['ss'];
匹配連續(xù)出現(xiàn)零次或多次的字符
使用星號*
const zeroOrMoreOsRegex = /hi*/gi;
const normalHi = "hi";
const happyHi = "hiiiiii";
const twoHis = "hiihii";
const bye = "bye";
normalHi.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // ["hi"]
happyHi.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // ["hiiiiii"]
twoHis.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // ["hii", "hii"]
bye.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // null
惰性匹配
字符串中與給定要求匹配的最小部分
默認(rèn)情況下威彰,正則表達(dá)式是貪婪的(匹配滿足給定要求的字符串的最長部分)
使用?
阻止貪婪模式(惰性匹配 )
const testString = "catastrophe";
const greedyRexex = /c[a-z]*t/gi;
const lazyRegex = /c[a-z]*?t/gi;
testString.match(greedyRexex); // ["catast"]
testString.match(lazyRegex); // ["cat"]
匹配起始字符串模式
要測試字符串開頭的字符匹配,請使用插入符號^
穴肘,但要放大開頭歇盼,不要放到字符集中
const emmaAtFrontOfString = "Emma likes cats a lot.";
const emmaNotAtFrontOfString = "The cats Emma likes are fluffy.";
const startingStringRegex = /^Emma/;
startingStringRegex.test(emmaAtFrontOfString); // true
startingStringRegex.test(emmaNotAtFrontOfString); // false
匹配結(jié)束字符串模式
使用 $
來判斷字符串是否是以規(guī)定的字符結(jié)尾
const emmaAtBackOfString = "The cats do not like Emma";
const emmaNotAtBackOfString = "Emma loves the cats";
const startingStringRegex = /Emma$/;
startingStringRegex.test(emmaAtBackOfString); // true
startingStringRegex.test(emmaNotAtBackOfString); // false
匹配所有字母和數(shù)字
使用\word
簡寫
const longHand = /[A-Za-z0-9_]+/;
const shortHand = /\w+/;
const numbers = "42";
const myFavoriteColor = "magenta";
longHand.test(numbers); // true
shortHand.test(numbers); // true
longHand.test(myFavoriteColor); // true
shortHand.test(myFavoriteColor); // true
除了字母和數(shù)字,其他的都要匹配
用\W
表示 \w
的反義
const noAlphaNumericCharRegex = /\W/gi;
const weirdCharacters = "!_$!!";
const alphaNumericCharacters = "ab283AD";
noAlphaNumericCharRegex.test(weirdCharacters); // true
noAlphaNumericCharRegex.test(alphaNumericCharacters); // false
匹配所有數(shù)字
你可以使用字符集[0-9]
评抚,或者使用簡寫 \d
const digitsRegex = /\d/g;
const stringWithDigits = "My cat eats $20.00 worth of food a week.";
stringWithDigits.match(digitsRegex); // ["2", "0", "0", "0"]
匹配所有非數(shù)字
用\D
表示 \d
的反義
const nonDigitsRegex = /\D/g;
const stringWithLetters = "101 degrees";
stringWithLetters.match(nonDigitsRegex); // [" ", "d", "e", "g", "r", "e", "e", "s"]
匹配空格
使用 \s
來匹配空格和回車符
const sentenceWithWhitespace = "I like cats!"
var spaceRegex = /\s/g;
whiteSpace.match(sentenceWithWhitespace); // [" ", " "]
匹配非空格
用\S
表示 \s
的反義
const sentenceWithWhitespace = "C a t"
const nonWhiteSpaceRegex = /\S/g;
sentenceWithWhitespace.match(nonWhiteSpaceRegex); // ["C", "a", "t"]
匹配的字符數(shù)
你可以使用 {下界豹缀,上界}
指定一行中的特定字符數(shù)
const regularHi = "hi";
const mediocreHi = "hiii";
const superExcitedHey = "heeeeyyyyy!!!";
const excitedRegex = /hi{1,4}/;
excitedRegex.test(regularHi); // true
excitedRegex.test(mediocreHi); // true
excitedRegex.test(superExcitedHey); //false
匹配最低個數(shù)的字符數(shù)
使用{下界, }
定義最少數(shù)量的字符要求,下面示例表示字母 i
至少要出現(xiàn)2次
const regularHi = "hi";
const mediocreHi = "hiii";
const superExcitedHey = "heeeeyyyyy!!!";
const excitedRegex = /hi{2,}/;
excitedRegex.test(regularHi); // false
excitedRegex.test(mediocreHi); // true
excitedRegex.test(superExcitedHey); //false
匹配精確的字符數(shù)
使用{requiredCount}
指定字符要求的確切數(shù)量
const regularHi = "hi";
const bestHi = "hii";
const mediocreHi = "hiii";
const excitedRegex = /hi{2}/;
excitedRegex.test(regularHi); // false
excitedRegex.test(bestHi); // true
excitedRegex.test(mediocreHi); //false
匹配0次或1次
使用 ?
匹配字符0次或1次
const britishSpelling = "colour";
const americanSpelling = "Color";
const languageRegex = /colou?r/i;
languageRegex.test(britishSpelling); // true
languageRegex.test(americanSpelling); // true