5.8 Mon 必做部分譯文

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Young Ghanaians risk all for "better" life

加納年輕人為“改善”生活而孤注一擲

Some migrate within Africa while others take the risky route to Europe

By Efam Awo Dovi

一些人選擇洲內移民森瘪，另一些人則踏上了移民歐洲的艱險旅程

文/Efam Awo Dovi ?譯/家懿

Every week, in the Brong Ahafo Region — one of Ghana’s major food baskets — vehicles load up with men between 18 and 40 years old. Many, mostly the younger men, hope to reach Europe, while others head for more prosperous countries in Africa. Irrespective of their final destination, they have common aspirations: hopes of good jobs and better lives for themselves and the families they leave behind.

布朗阿哈福地區(qū)是加納最大的食品市場之一希太，在這里惠拭，每周都會有載滿男人的車輛駛過陈莽，他們的年齡在十八到四十歲之間侥加。車中許多人都打算前往歐洲镀虐，這些大多是年輕人蹲诀，還有一部分人準備去到更富裕的其他非洲國家岸晦。盡管目的地不同禁悠，他們有著一樣的雄心：希望能找到更好的工作念祭，從而提高自己和家鄉(xiāng)親人的生活質量。

Kofi Twum made that trip years ago. He was only 18 and had lost his father at an early age. His mother, a subsistence farmer, became the sole breadwinner of the family. When Twum completed junior secondary school, he hawked yams to help his mother. But their living conditions worsened and Twum, fifth among six children, felt the need to work elsewhere.

科菲·圖姆（Kofi Twum）幾年前就踏上過移民之旅碍侦，早年喪父的他當時年僅十八歲粱坤。他的母親是自給自足的農民，在丈夫死后成了家里唯一的經濟來源瓷产。當圖姆完成了基礎教育之后站玄，就開始幫母親上街賣白薯了。然而生活卻每況愈下濒旦，于是株旷，圖姆作為家里六個孩子中的老五，感到需要外出謀生路。

“I wanted to go to Italy to be able to support my mother,” Twum told Africa Renewal from his home in the town of Nkoranza in northern Ghana.

“我想去意大利晾剖，幫我母親養(yǎng)活一家人锉矢，”圖姆告訴《非洲振興》。圖姆家住加納北部的恩科蘭扎（Nkoranza）齿尽。

In 2014, with financial support from his brother, Twum joined a group of 35 young men on a journey through the Sahara Desert to Libya, where they were to take a boat to Europe.

2014年沽损，在哥哥的支持下，圖姆加入了一個由三十五個年輕人組成的隊伍循头，這個隊伍將跨越撒哈拉沙漠前往利比亞绵估，然后乘船去往歐洲。

However, hopping a crowded boat out of Libya on his third attempt to cross the Mediterranean, he was arrested and deported to Ghana. He arrived empty-handed. Twum, now a street preacher in his 30s, tells?Africa Renewal that he still hopes to make it to Europe one day, this time by some other route.

然而卡骂，在他第三次試圖跳上一艘滿載的船国裳，打算從利比亞橫跨地中海時，他遭到了逮捕并被驅逐回了加納全跨，于是他空手而歸缝左。已過而立之年的圖姆現(xiàn)在是一名街頭傳教士，他對《非洲振興》說螟蒸，自己仍希望以后能通過其他途徑前往歐洲。

A hazardous journey

艱險之旅

Most Ghanaian migrants trying to reach Europe via Libya go through Burkina Faso to Agadez, Niger. From there they join others from West Africa and other areas who are fleeing conflict and persecution.

大多數(shù)的加納移民都會先從布基納法索[1]到尼日爾[2]的阿加德茲市崩掘，然后再經利比亞前往歐洲七嫌。在阿加德茲市，他們會同來自非洲西部以及其他地區(qū)的移民匯合苞慢，這些人移民是為了遠離沖突和迫害诵原。

With the services of middlemen, they travel on overloaded trucks in convoys and part of the way on foot through the Sahara Desert to the Borkou region near the Libyan border. It’s a death-defying experience. Many die from exhaustion and dehydration.

在中介的幫助下，他們一會兒擠在超載的貨車上挽放，一會兒步行绍赛，直到穿越撒哈拉沙漠到達利比亞邊境的波爾庫地區(qū)。這是一段九死一生的旅程辑畦，期間許多人死于疲勞和脫水吗蚌。

Twum recalls the human traffickers and their extortionate demands for money. Also unforgettable was the sight of many lifeless bodies abandoned in the hot Saharan Desert. “Some were leaning on the rocks, they looked like they were sleeping, others were buried in the dust,” he recalled.

讓圖姆難以忘懷的，不僅有掉進錢眼兒里般窮兇極惡的人販子纯出，還有炎熱的撒哈拉沙漠里橫尸的場景蚯妇。“一些人的尸體靠在巖石邊上暂筝，就在睡覺一樣箩言，其他的被埋沙里了，”他回憶說焕襟。

Three of his fellow travellers died. “They couldn’t continue the walk. When that happens, we try to encourage them, but after a while you have to leave them, because if you’re left behind you’ll lose your way, and you’ll soon die,” he said. “These were people I knew, we travelled together from Nkoronza. I called their families later from Tripoli to inform them.”

他的三個隨行伙伴也死于途中陨收。“他們走不動了鸵赖，于是我們試著給他們打氣务漩，但是沒過多久你不得不丟下他們拄衰，因為你一旦落隊就會迷路，也撐不了多久菲饼，”他說肾砂，“死的都是認識的人，一起從恩科蘭扎來的宏悦。我到的黎波里之后會給他們家人打電話镐确。”

Twum’s story is all too common in the Brong Ahafo Region, with echoes across Ghana and other sub-Saharan African countries.

圖姆的故事在波爾庫地區(qū)太常見了饼煞，這里連接著加納以及其他撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲國家源葫。

During the 2011 Libyan crisis and the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi, more than 18,000 Ghanaian migrants in Libya were evacuated, according to the International Organization for Migration (IOM) office in Ghana. The actual number of returnees, however, could be higher as some migrants managed to get out of Libya on their own before the crisis worsened.

據(jù)國際移民組織（IOM）加納辦事處統(tǒng)計，在2011年利比亞危機和卡扎菲政府被顛覆時期砖瞧，在利比亞有超過1.8萬加納移民被驅逐出境息堂。實際歸國人數(shù)可能更高，因為在危機局勢惡化之前块促，一部分移民已經預先逃離利比亞荣堰。

The majority of the returnees were sent back to the Brong Ahafo Region, from which they came, according to the IOM, which supported the Ghanaian government in evacuating its stranded nationals.

國際移民組織表示，大部分歸國人員被送回了他們來時的地方竭翠，即布朗阿哈福地區(qū)振坚。該組織參與協(xié)助了加納政府的難民疏散行動。

For many families in Brong Ahafo, having a relative in Europe confers prestige and the prospect of remittances. “Every household hopes to have someone in Europe,” says Walter Kwao-Anati, the director of migration at Ghana’s Ministry of the Interior.

對布朗阿哈福地區(qū)的許多家庭來說斋扰，在歐洲的親戚不僅為他們帶來了聲望渡八，還有匯款。加納內政部移民總督沃爾特·科沃阿那提表示传货，“家家戶戶都希望能在歐洲有人屎鳍。”

In some cases, he adds,“There is community support for relatives to leave, because your family will belooked down upon if no one has left for Europe.”

在某些情況下问裕，他補充說逮壁，“家里人會團結起來，為移民的親屬們提供支持粮宛，因為如果你們家在歐洲一個人都沒有貌踏，會被別人瞧不起】卟”

And there is also the expectation of financial support to the family back home, which helps to improve the family’s living conditions. According to the African Development Bank’s African Economic Outlook 2015 report, remittances, at $64 billion in 2015, remain the most stable and important single source of external finance to Africa.

當然另一部分原因是人們期望從在歐洲的親屬那里得到經濟援助祖乳，從而改善家庭的生活狀況。非洲開發(fā)銀行2015年非洲經濟展望報告顯示秉氧，2015年的匯款總額高達640億美元眷昆，是非洲外來資金最穩(wěn)定、最重要的單一來源。

But beneath the veil ofperceived prestige are bigger national development issues. Kwao-Anati admitsthat in the case of Ghana, “Poverty is one of the major reasons why peoplemigrate in search of economic opportunities.”

但是亚斋，這份聲望的背后卻隱藏著更大的國家發(fā)展問題作媚。科沃阿那提承認帅刊，在加納的例子中纸泡，“人們之所以通過移民尋求經濟機遇，貧窮是最主要的原因之一赖瞒∨遥”

[1]譯者注：布基納法索，西非國家栏饮，毗鄰加納北部吧兔。

[2]譯者注：尼日爾，非洲中西部國家袍嬉，位于利比亞和加納之間境蔼。