第二三次核心課程
2014年12月第二套
2015年6月第一套（綠皮講義+星火試卷）
2014.12 四級（第二套）
Passage One ?Page 13
Earlier this month, it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center rose 3% in 2012, faster than the overall cost of living.
本月早些時候，有報道稱歹茶，2012年纽匙，在兒童看護中心登記的嬰兒或小孩的費用上升了3%，比總體生活成本還要快。
enrolling vt.登記畔咧，參加
There are no large strips of country where daycare for an infant costs more than a tenth of the average married couple's income.
在
strips =area 地帶滔灶，區(qū)域
minute details 微小的細節(jié)
If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economies of scale on labor.
如果它不得不為每兩個孩子雇傭一個照顧者，那么它就不能真正實現(xiàn)任何規(guī)模的勞動經濟艾帐。
economies of scale 規(guī)模經濟
56. What problem do parents of small kids have to face?
57. What does the author feel puzzled about?
59. Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachusetts?
58. What prevents childcare centers from saving money?
60. What is the author 's view on daycare service?
56、小孩子的父母有什么問題要面對?
57盆偿、作者感到困惑的是什么?
59柒爸、為什么在密西西比的兒童保育的平均成本要比馬薩諸塞州低得多呢?
58、是什么阻礙了兒童保育中心節(jié)省錢?
69陈肛、作者對日托服務的看法是什么?
56. What problem do parents of small kids have to face?
Children are a delight. They are our future. But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year.
孩子們高興揍鸟。他們是我們的未來。但遺憾的是，在你去上班的時候雇人來照顧他們阳藻，這一年的開銷會越來越大晰奖。
A) The selection of a good daycare center.
B) The ever-rising childcare prices? ? v? ? ? ? ? ever-rising 不斷上升的
C) The budgeting of family expenses.
D) The balance between work and family.
A)選擇一個好的日托中心。
B)不斷增加的兒童保育費用
C)家庭開支的預算腥泥。
D)工作與家庭之間的平衡匾南。
57. What does the author feel puzzled about?
This is not necessarily a new trend, but it is a somewhat puzzling one. The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still. Actually caregivers make less today, in real terms, than they did in 1990. Considering that labor costs are responsible for up to 80% of a daycare center's expenses, one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices.
這并不一定是一種新趨勢，但這是一個令人困惑的趨勢蛔外。自上世紀80年代以來蛆楞，專業(yè)兒童保育的價格一直在上漲。然而夹厌，在這段時間里豹爹，為專業(yè)的兒童保育工作人員的工資卻停滯不前。實際上矛纹，護理人員的實際情況比他們在實際中所做的要少1990年臂聋。考慮到勞動力成本占到日托中心的80%的費用或南，人們可能會認為工資的持平意味著物價的上漲孩等。
A) Why there is a severe shortage of childcare professionals in a number of states(州). ?
severe shortage 嚴重短缺 ? ?
B) Why the prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state.
C) Why increased childcare prices have not led to better service.
D) Why childcare workers' pay(工資) has not increased with the rising childcare costs.
A)為什么在許多州都有兒童保育專家的嚴重短缺。
B)為什么兒童保育的價格因各州而異采够。
C)為什么提高兒童保育價格并沒有帶來更好的服務肄方。
D)為什么兒童保育工作者的工資沒有隨著兒童保育費用的增加而增加。
59. Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachusetts?
Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details.And the stricter the regulations, the higher the costs. If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economics of scale on labor to save money when other expenses go up. In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants, the price of care averaged more than $16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infants, the price of care averaged less than 55,000.
兒童保育是一個受到嚴格管制的行業(yè)蹬癌。各州制定了關于每個員工可以照看多少孩子的規(guī)定权她，每個孩子需要多少個孩子，以及其他的細節(jié)冀瓦。而監(jiān)管越嚴格伴奥，成本就越高写烤。如果需要為每兩個孩子雇一個保姆翼闽，那么在其他費用上漲的時候，它就無法真正實現(xiàn)勞動經濟的規(guī)模經濟效益洲炊。在馬薩諸塞州感局，兒童保育中心必須為每三個嬰兒雇一名教師，每年的護理費用平均超過1.6萬美元暂衡。在密西西比州询微，每個中心都必須雇用一名教師，每5名嬰兒狂巢，平均護理費用低于平均水平 55000撑毛。
A) Each teacher is allowed to care for more kids.
B) The overall quality of service is not as good.
C) Payments for caregivers there are not as high.
D) Living expenses there are comparatively low.
A)每個老師都被允許照顧更多的孩子。v
B)服務的整體質量不太好唧领。
C)支付給照顧者的費用沒有那么高藻雌。
D)生活費用相對較低雌续。
58. What prevents childcare centers from saving money?
Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details.And the stricter the regulations, the higher the costs. If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economics of scale on labor to save money when other expenses go up. In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants, the price of care averaged more than $16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infants, the price of care averaged less than 55,000.
兒童保育是一個受到嚴格管制的行業(yè)。各州制定了關于每個員工可以照看多少孩子的規(guī)定胯杭，每個孩子需要多少個空間驯杜，以及其他的細節(jié)。而監(jiān)管越嚴格做个，成本就越高鸽心。如果需要為每兩個孩子雇一個保姆，那么在其他費用上漲的時候居暖，它就無法真正實現(xiàn)勞動經濟的規(guī)模經濟效益顽频。在馬薩諸塞州，兒童保育中心必須為每三個嬰兒雇一名教師太闺，每年的護理費用平均超過1.6萬美元冲九。在密西西比州，每個中心都必須雇用一名教師跟束，每5名嬰兒莺奸，平均護理費用低于平均水平55000元。
A) High administrative expenses.
B) Steady increase in labor costs.
C) Strict government regulations.
D) Lack of support from the state.
A)高的行政費用冀宴。
B)勞動力成本穩(wěn)步上升灭贷。
C)嚴格的政府法規(guī)。 ? v
D)缺乏來自國家的支持略贮。
60. What is the author 's view on daycare service?
Unfortunately, I don't have all the daycare-center regulations handy. But I wouldn't be surprised if as the rules have become more elaborate, prices have risen. The trade be worth it in some cases; after all, the health and safety of children should probably come before cheap service. But certainly, it doesn't seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulated South.
不幸的是甚疟，我手邊沒有所有的日間護理中心的規(guī)定。但如果規(guī)則變得更加復雜逃延，價格上漲览妖，我也不會感到驚訝。在某些情況下揽祥，這種交易是值得的;畢竟讽膏，兒童的健康和安全應該在廉價服務之前。但毫無疑問拄丰，一些最便宜的日托所是在最不受監(jiān)管的南部地區(qū)府树，這似乎并非偶然。
A) It is better for different states to learn from each other.
B) Caregivers should receive regular professional training.
C) Less elaborate rules about children might lower costs.
D) It is crucial to strike a balance between quality and costs.
A)最好是不同的州互相學習料按。
B)照護者應定期接受專業(yè)訓練奄侠。
C)關于兒童的不太詳細的規(guī)定可能會降低成本。
D)在質量和成本之間取得平衡是至關重要的载矿。
2014.12 四級(第二套) ? ?Passage Two Page 15
61. Alex Pang's new book is aimed for readers who
62. What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book?
63. What is the common view on multitasking?
64. What does the author think of computer-aided design?
65. What is Ales Pang's recommendation for Internet users?
61垄潮、Alex龐的新書面向的讀者是————
62、在他的新書中，Alex彭日成想要做些什么?
63弯洗、多任務處理的共同觀點是什么?
64甫题、作者對計算機輔助設計的看法如何?
65、Ales Pang對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的建議是什么?
Alex Pang's amusing new book The Distraction(分心) Addiction(成癮) addresses(向...說話) those of us who feel panic without a cellphone or computer.
Alex龐的這本有趣的新書讓我們對那些在沒有手機或電腦的情況下感到恐慌的人感到不安涂召。
Distraction Addiction ? 如何讓成癮的人分心
amusing 有趣的
personification 擬人
The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book.It's a thoughtful examination of the dangers of our computing overdose and a historical overview of how technological advances change consciousness.
分心成癮并不是一本自我激勵的書坠非。這是對我們計算過量的危險的一個深思熟慮的研究，也是對科技進步如何改變意識的歷史概述果正。
overdose 過度服藥炎码；過度使用
Keep logs (保存日志) to study your online profile and decide what you can knock out, download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a "digital Sabbath(安息日)"?
保存日志，研究你的在線資料秋泳，決定你可以敲出什么潦闲，下載一個類似于自由的程序，把你從瀏覽器中鎖出來迫皱，或者“數(shù)字安息日”歉闰。
61. Alex Pang's new book is aimed for readers who
Alex Pang's amusing new book The Distraction Addiction addresses those of us who feel panic without a cellphone or computer. And that, he claims, is pretty much all of us. When we're not online, where we spend four months annually, we're engaged in the stressful work of trying to get online.
Alex龐的這本有趣的新書分散了注意力，對那些在沒有手機或電腦的情況下感到恐慌的人來說卓起。他聲稱和敬，這幾乎是我們所有人的全部。當我們不在網(wǎng)上的時候戏阅，我們每年要花四個月的時間昼弟，我們就在努力想要上網(wǎng)。
A) can hardly tear themselves away from the Internet
B) find their work.online too stressful
C) go online mainly for entertainment?
D) are fearful about using the cellphone or computer
A)很難將自己從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上撕掉奕筐。 ? v
B)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的工作舱痘。網(wǎng)絡太緊張
C)上網(wǎng)主要是為了娛樂
D)害怕使用手機或電腦
tear sth away from 讓...與什么分開
62. What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book?
A) Examine the influence of technology on the human mind.
B) Offer advice on how to use the Internet effectively.
C) Warn people of the possible dangers of internet use.
D) Predict the trend of future technological development.
A)研究科技對人類思想的影響成艘。
B)就如何有效地使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供建議嵌莉。
C)警告人們網(wǎng)絡使用可能的危險袱耽。
D)預測未來技術發(fā)展的趨勢粗恢。
The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book. It's a thoughtful examination of the dangers of our computing overdose and a historical overview of how technological advances change consciousness. A "professional futurist", Pang urges an approach which he calls "contemplative computing." He asks that you pay full attention to "how your mind and body interact with computers and how your attention and creativity are influenced by technology."
分心成癮并不是一本自我激勵的書。這是對我們過量的電腦危險的一個深思熟慮的研究捣炬，也是對科技進步如何改變意識的歷史概述批幌。他是一位“專業(yè)的未來學家”贞远，他認為這是一種被他稱為“沉思的電腦”的方法蹬刷。他要求你充分關注“你的思想和身體如何與電腦互動瓢捉，以及你的注意力和創(chuàng)造力如何受到科技的影響“斐桑”
63. What is the common view on multitasking?
A) It distracts people's attention from useful work.
B) It enables people to work more efficiently.
C) It is a way quite similar to switch-tasking.
D) It makes people's work and life even harder.'
63.多任務處理的共同觀點是什么?
A)把人們的注意力從有用的工作上轉移開來。
B)使人們能夠更有效地工作搂漠。
C)這是一種非常類似于切換任務的方式迂卢。
D)它使人們的工作和生活更加困難。
Pang's first job is to free you from the common misconception t at doing two things at once allows you to get more done. What is commonly called multitasking is, in fact, switch-tasking, and its harmful effects on productivity are well documented. Pang doesn't advocate returning to a pre-Internet world. Instead, he asks you to "take a more ecological (生態(tài)的) view of your relationships with technologies and look for ways devices or media may be making specific tasks easier or faster but at the same time making your work and life harder."
龐的第一份工作就是讓你從一種常見的誤解中解脫出來，那就是做兩件事而克，讓你做更多的事情靶壮。通常被稱為多任務處理的，實際上是轉換任務员萍，以及它對生產力的有害影響腾降。龐并不主張回到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)前的世界。相反,他要求你“更生態(tài)(生態(tài)的)對你的人際關系與技術和尋找方法設備或媒體可以簡化特定任務或更快的同時讓你的工作和生活更加困難碎绎◇θ溃”
64. What does the author think of computer-aided design?
A) It can free architects from laborious drawing.
B) It considerably cuts down the cost of building design.
C) It somewhat restrains architects' productive thinking.
D) It is indispensable in architects' work process.
64. 作者認為計算機輔助設計是什么?
A)它可以使建筑師從費力的繪畫中解放出來。
B)大大降低了建筑設計的成本筋帖。
C)在一定程度上限制了建筑師的生產思維奸晴。
D)在建筑師的工作過程中是不可或缺的。
The Distraction Addiction is particularly fascinating on how technologies have changed certain fields of labor—often for the worse. For architects, computer aided design has become essential but in some ways has cheapened the design process. As one architect puts it, "Architecture is first and foremost about thinking...and dawing is a more productive way of thinking" than computer aided design. Somewhat less amusing are Pang's solutions for kicking the Internet habit.?
He recommends the usual behavior-modification approaches, familiar to anyone who has completed a quit-smoking program. Keep logs to study your online profile and decide what you can knock out, download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a "digital Sabbath )": "Unless you're a reporter or emergency-department doctor, you'll discover that your world doesn't fall apart when you go offline."
分心成癮尤其讓人著迷的是日麸，技術如何改變了某些領域的勞動寄啼，而這些領域往往更糟。對于架構師來說代箭，計算機輔助設計已經變得至關重要墩划，但在某些方面降低了設計過程。正如一位建筑師所言嗡综，“建筑首先是思考……”而“道明”是一種比計算機輔助設計更有效的思維方式走诞。彭先生的解決網(wǎng)絡習慣的方法有點不那么有趣。
他推薦了通常的行為修改方法蛤高，對任何已經完成戒煙計劃的人都很熟悉蚣旱。保存日志，研究你的在線資料戴陡，決定你可以敲出什么塞绿，下載一個類似于自由的程序，把你從瀏覽器中鎖出來恤批，或者“數(shù)字安息日”异吻。“除非你是記者或急診部的醫(yī)生喜庞，否則你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你的世界在你下線時不會崩潰诀浪。”
65. What is Ales Pang's recommendation for Internet users?
A) They entertain themselves online on off-days only.
B) They use the Internet as little as possible.
C) They keep a record of their computer use time.
D) They exercise self-control over their time online. ? ? ?
65延都、Ales Pang對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的建議是什么?
A)他們只在網(wǎng)上娛樂自己雷猪。
B)他們盡可能少地使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。
C)他們記錄電腦的使用時間晰房。
D)他們在網(wǎng)絡上進行自我控制求摇。
