十六種時(shí)態(tài)
邏輯上券盅，時(shí)間軸上分原點(diǎn)琅催，時(shí)間段和時(shí)間點(diǎn)
時(shí)間段
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
（2）過去完成時(shí)
（3）將來完成時(shí)
時(shí)間點(diǎn)
（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)? 常態(tài)規(guī)律
（2）一般過去時(shí)? ?曾經(jīng)經(jīng)常（與現(xiàn)狀相反）
（3）一般將來時(shí)? ?打算
（4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)? ?精確到某個(gè)點(diǎn)
（5）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)? ? 具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在做备韧，匯報(bào)莉给。
（6）將來進(jìn)行時(shí)? ?舉例：日程安排
復(fù)式時(shí)態(tài)
（1）過去將來時(shí) （曾經(jīng)遺憾）
（2）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)? 一直（上班也糊，睡覺）
（3）過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
（4）將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
一毫玖、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.概念:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況;有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況;總是發(fā)生的;和事實(shí)真理2.時(shí)間狀語: always, usually, often, sometimes, everyweek?(day,year, month…·), once a week(day,year, month…), on Sundays( on Mondays…·),
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):動(dòng)詞原形(如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)
4.否定形式:主語+am/is/are+not+其他;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don’t,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用 doesn’t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞哼审。
5.一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。
6.例句: It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪孕豹。 He is always ready to help others.他總是樂于幫助別人 Action speaks louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯
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二涩盾、一般過去時(shí)
1.概念:過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作励背、行為春霍。
2.時(shí)間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week , last year , night , month . ) , in 1 9 8 9 , just now at the age of 5 , one day , long long ago , once upon a time
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式或be的過去式+名詞
4.否定形式:主語+was/were+not+其他;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn’'t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞叶眉。
6.例句: She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來幫助我們址儒。 i didn' t know you were so busy.我不知道你是這么忙
三、一般將來時(shí)
1.概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算衅疙、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事莲趣。
2時(shí)間狀語: Tomorrow, next day(week, month,year…·) soon , in a few minutes , by , the day after tomorrow , etc .
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+am/is/are+ going to+do+其它;主語+wi1l/ shall+do+其它
4.否定形式:主語+am/is/ are not going to do;主語+will/ shall not do+其它
5.一般疑問句:be放于句首;wi1l/sha1l提到句首。{首字母大寫
?6 .例句?: they are going to have a competition with us in studies It is going to rain.天要下雨了
四饱溢、一般過去將來時(shí)
1.概念:立足于過去某一時(shí)刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中喧伞。
2.時(shí)間狀語: The next day( morning \,year……),the following month(week…·),etc
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+Was/were+ going to+do+其它;主語+ would/ should+do+其它
4.否定形式:主語+was/were+not+ going to+do;主語+ would/ should
5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首; would/ should提到句首
6.例句: He said he would go to beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。 asked who was going there.我問,誰要去那里。
五潘鲫、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為翁逞。
2時(shí)間狀語:Now, at this time,days,etc.look, listen
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be+ doing+其它
4.否定形式:主語+be+ not + doing+其它
5.一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。6.例句: How are you feeling today?你今天感覺如何? He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好溉仑。
六挖函、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。
2時(shí)間狀語: at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等浊竟。
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語+was/ were + doing+其它
4.否定形式:主語+Was/were+not+ doing+其它
5.一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首怨喘。(第一個(gè)字母大寫)
6.例句: At that time she was working in a pla unit.那段時(shí)間她在人民解放軍部隊(duì)工作。 When he came in, i was reading a newspaper.他進(jìn)來時(shí),我正在讀報(bào)紙振定。
七必怜、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或表示要在將來某一時(shí)間開始,并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常用來表示詢問吩案、請(qǐng)求等棚赔。
2時(shí)間狀語:Soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time , in two days , tomorrow evening
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+ shall/will+be+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它
4否定形式:主語+ shall/wi1l+not+be+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它5.例句: This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的這個(gè)時(shí)間,他們正坐在電影院。 He won’ t be coming to the party.他不去參加聚會(huì)了徘郭。
八靠益、過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示就過去某一時(shí)間而言,將來某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,主要用于賓語從句中,尤其多用于間接引語中
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu): should/ would+be+現(xiàn)在分詞
3.例句: They said they would be coming他們說了他們將要來。 He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting .他說他不能來因?yàn)橐_會(huì)
九残揉、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)胧后。
2.時(shí)間狀語:yet, already,just, never,ever, so far, by now,S1nce+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段, recently, lately,ln the past few years , etc .3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/has+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
4.否定形式:主語+have/has+not+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
5.一般疑問句:have或has放句首。
6.例句: I've written an article.我已經(jīng)寫了一篇論文抱环。 The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years在過去的幾年,農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化
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十壳快、過去完成時(shí)
1.概念:以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。
2時(shí)間狀語: Before, by the end of last year(term, month…·),etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had+pp(過去分詞)+其它4.否定形式:主語+had+not+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
5.一般疑問句:had放于句首镇草。
6.例句: As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.當(dāng)我們到車站的時(shí)候,火車已經(jīng)開走了眶痰。 By the end of last month , we had reviewed four books .到上個(gè)月底,我們已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了四本書。
7.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
①肯定句:主語+had+p.p(過去分詞)+其它②否定句:主語+had+not+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
③一般疑問句:Had+主語+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
十一梯啤、將來完成時(shí)
1.概念:在將來某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
2.時(shí)間狀語: by the time of; by the end of+時(shí)間短語(將來); by the time+從句(將來)
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+ be going to/will/ shall+have+p.p(過去分詞)+其它?
4.例句：by the time you get back , great changes will have taken place in this area .到你回來的時(shí)候,就將發(fā)生巨大的變化竖伯。
十二、過去將來完成時(shí)
1.概念:表示在過去某一時(shí)間對(duì)將來某一時(shí)刻以前所會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常用在虛擬語氣中,表示與過去的事實(shí)相反因宇。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu): should/ would have done sth
3.例句: i thought you'’ d have left by this time.我想這會(huì)兒你已經(jīng)走了七婴。 He told them he would have finished it by 8 o clock .他告訴他們他會(huì)在8點(diǎn)以前干完
十三、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1概念:表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作察滑。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續(xù),并可能延續(xù)到將來打厘。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/has+been+ doing+其它
3時(shí)間狀語: Since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段等。
[if !supportLists]4.[endif]例子: i have been sitting here for an hour.我已經(jīng)在這里坐了一個(gè)小時(shí)贺辰。 The children have been watching tv since six o ' clock .從6點(diǎn)起,孩子們一直看電視
[if !supportLists]十四户盯、[endif]過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
[if !supportLists]1.[endif]概念:表示某個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻,還未完成,一直持續(xù)到之后的當(dāng)前才結(jié)束嵌施。
[if !supportLists]2.[endif]基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had+been+ doing+其它
3.例子: She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam。她在考試之前一直患重感冒先舷。 Had they been expecting the news for some time ?他們期待這個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了吧?
4.特殊含義:①尚未完成: He had been writing the novel.他已經(jīng)在寫小說了艰管。(他沒寫完)
②企圖: He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過這個(gè)諺語滓侍。(他曾努力學(xué)習(xí)過它)
③未得結(jié)果: We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力于敵人所說的蒋川。(但是我們沒有理解）
④最近情況: He had been quarreling with his?wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場(chǎng)架。(最近)
⑤反復(fù)動(dòng)作: He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題撩笆。(屢次)⑥情緒: What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐煩）
十五捺球、將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)間是否繼續(xù)下去,要視上下文而定。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu): shall/ will have been doing?
3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year .到今年年底,我將在這個(gè)工廠工作20年了夕冲。?
If we don ' t hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there .咱們?nèi)绮豢煲稽c(diǎn)兒,等我們到了那兒,店門就會(huì)關(guān)了氮兵。
十六、過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示從過去某時(shí)看至未來某時(shí)以前會(huì)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):should/ would+have+been+現(xiàn)在分詞
3.例子: He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years .他告訴我,到年底時(shí),他就在那住了30年了歹鱼。
參考：百度文庫
