Reading
TPO3
Architecture
【單詞】
structure：n. 建筑物
enclose：v. 圍繞
symbolic：adj. 象征性的
aspiration：n. 渴望
utilize：v. 利用
mass：n. 【物理學】質(zhì)量
enhance：v. 提高
complement：v. 補充
feasible：adj. 可行的
mediocre：adj. 普通的
devise：v. 設(shè)計桃移，想出衡招，發(fā)明符糊，策劃
withstand：v. 抵擋
comparable：adj. 可比較的
plumbing：n. 水管工程，管道工程
igloo：n. 圓頂建筑
adobe：n. 土磚
permanence：n. 永久
arduous：adj. 艱巨的
pile：v. 堆
beam：n. 橫梁
segment：n. 部分
borne：bear 過去分詞坠敷，忍受
vertical：adj. 垂直的
【短語】
- grows out of：源于…… eg. grows out of human needs and aspirations
- be traced to：源于，由于…… eg. be traced to both clients and architects
- in terms of：根據(jù) eg. be analyzed in terms of how they deal with downward forces created by gravity
- make it possible to：使得……（成為可能）
【長難句】
- Architecture is the art and science of designing structures that organize and enclose space for practical and symbolic purposes.
- Buildings contribute to human life when they provide shelter, enrich space, complement their site, suit the climate, and are economically feasible.
- In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.
- Enormous changes in materials and techniques of construction within the last few generations have made it possible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed and with a minimum of material.
- The doorways and windows are made possible by placing over the open spaces thick stone beams that support the weight from above.
- It works in compression to divert the weight above it out to the sides, where the weight is borne by the vertical elements on either side of the arch.
Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer
【單詞】
underlie：v. 構(gòu)成……的基礎(chǔ)
aquifer：n. 蓄水層，含水土層
ensuing：adj. 跟著發(fā)生的
onward：adj. 向前的馍迄，前進的艳吠；adv. 在前面
tap：v. 開發(fā)麦备，汲取
spray：v. 噴，噴射昭娩；n. 噴霧
geometric：adj. 幾何圖形的
sorghum：n. 高粱
unprecedented：adj. 空前的
virtually：adv. 實質(zhì)上凛篙，事實上
replenish：v. 補充
periodic：adj. 定期的
acreage：n. 英畝數(shù)
incentive：n. 動機
grandiose：adj. 宏偉的，堂皇的
tenfold：adj. 十倍的
somewhat：adv. 稍微栏渺，有點兒
strain：n. 家族呛梆，血統(tǒng)；v. 拉緊磕诊，拉傷
【短語】
- Estimates indicate that ：據(jù)估計……
【長難句】
- Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.
- This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate—that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically.
- Whatever the final answer to the water crisis may be, it is evident that within the High Plains, irrigation water will never again be the abundant, inexpensive resource it was during the agricultural boom years of the mid-twentieth century.
【錯題】
4.The word “ensuing” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. continuing
B. surprising
C. initial
D. subsequent
你的答案：A 正確答案：D
【原文參考】
The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930s. The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture, especially from the 1950s onward, transformed the economy of the region.
【解析】
ensue跟隨填物，接下來，所以subsequent是答案霎终。原文說第一批水井是1930s挖掘的滞磺，ensuing所在的那句話又說1950s什么樣的農(nóng)業(yè)的快速擴張，這兩個時間說明動作是有先后的莱褒，而且first一般必然有下文的击困，所以應(yīng)該是接著的。注意continuing是個很大的迷惑項保礼，繼續(xù)是指一個動作的延續(xù)沛励，而接下來是兩件事情接著發(fā)生，B令人吃驚和C最初的炮障，起始的都不對目派。
6.The word “unprecedented” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. difficult to control
B. without any restriction
C. unlike anything in the past
D. rapidly expanding
你的答案：B 正確答案：C
【原文參考】
This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate—that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically.
【解析】
A難以控制和B毫無限制都有輕微貶義，而原詞只是在敘述一個事實胁赢，屬中性企蹭。D快速擴張也不沾邊，而且A/B/D三個選項在意思上有共同點，唯獨C不同谅摄，只要知道pre是前就一定能選出答案徒河。
7.The word “virtually” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. clearly
B. perhaps
C. frequently
D. almost
你的答案：A 正確答案：D
【原文參考】
This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate—that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically.
【解析】
virtually幾乎。注意virtual有虛擬和真實兩個截然相反的意思送漠，破折號之前說negligible recharge rate顽照，補給可以忽略，就是很少闽寡，但還是有的代兵，后面解釋說什么沒有水補充，如果選除了almost之外的三項爷狈，都說明可能沒水植影，與原文意思不符。
13.Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?
But even if uncooperative farmers were to join in the conservation efforts, this would only delay the depletion of the aquifer..
【原文】
The reaction of farmers to the inevitable depletion of the Ogallala varies. Many have been attempting to conservewater by irrigating less frequently or by switching to crops that require less water. [■] Others, however, have adopted the philosophy that it is best to use the water while it is still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate on high-value crops such as cotton. [■] The incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water, and in the process are drawing down the entire region’s water supplies. [But even if uncooperative farmers were to join in the conservation efforts, this would only delay the depletion of the aquifer.]
In the face of the upcoming water supply crisis, a number of grandiose schemes have been developed to transport vast quantities of water by canal or pipeline from the Mississippi, the Missouri, or the Arkansas rivers. [■]
