一津肛、iOS中的沙盒機(jī)制
iOS應(yīng)用程序只能對(duì)自己創(chuàng)建的文件系統(tǒng)讀取文件,這個(gè)獨(dú)立汗贫、封閉身坐、安全的空間,叫做沙盒落包。它一般存放著程序包文件(可執(zhí)行文件)部蛇、圖片、音頻咐蝇、視頻涯鲁、plist文件、sqlite數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以及其他文件有序。
每個(gè)應(yīng)用程序都有自己的獨(dú)立的存儲(chǔ)空間(沙盒)
一般來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)用程序之間是不可以互相訪(fǎng)問(wèn)
模擬器沙盒的位置
/User/userName/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator
當(dāng)我們創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用程序時(shí)抹腿,在每個(gè)沙盒中含有三個(gè)文件,分別是Document旭寿、Library和temp幢踏。
Document:一般需要持久的數(shù)據(jù)都放在此目錄中,可以在當(dāng)中添加子文件夾许师,iTunes備份和恢復(fù)的時(shí)候,會(huì)包括此目錄僚匆。
Library:設(shè)置程序的默認(rèn)設(shè)置和其他狀態(tài)信息
temp:創(chuàng)建臨時(shí)文件的目錄微渠,當(dāng)iOS設(shè)備重啟時(shí),文件會(huì)被自動(dòng)清除
獲取沙盒目錄
獲取程序的根目錄(home)目錄
NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory()
- 獲取Document目錄
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathDorDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDicrectory,, NSUserDomainMark, YES); NSString *docPath = [paths lastObject];
- 獲取Library目錄
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriseInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES); NSString *docPath = [paths lastObject];
- 獲取Library中的Cache
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriseInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES); NSString *docPath = [paths lastObject];
- 獲取temp路徑
NSString *temp = NSTemporaryDirectory( );
二咧擂、NSString類(lèi)路徑的處理方法
- 文件路徑的處理
NSString *path = @"/Uesrs/apple/testfile.txt"
常用方法如下
獲得組成此路徑的各個(gè)組成部分逞盆,結(jié)果:("/","User","apple","testfile.txt")
(NSArray *)pathComponents;
- 提取路徑的最后一個(gè)組成部分,結(jié)果:testfile.txt
(NSString *)lastPathComponent;
- 刪除路徑的最后一個(gè)組成部分松申,結(jié)果:/Users/apple
(NSString *)stringByDeletingLastPathCpmponent;
- 將path添加到先郵路徑的末尾云芦,結(jié)果:/Users/apple/testfile.txt/app.txt
(NSString *)stringByAppendingPathConmponent:(NSString *)str;
- 去路徑最后部分的擴(kuò)展名,結(jié)果:text
(NSString *)pathExtension;
- 刪除路徑最后部分的擴(kuò)展名贸桶,結(jié)果:/Users/apple/testfile
(NSString *)stringByDeletingPathExtension;
- 路徑最后部分追加擴(kuò)展名舅逸,結(jié)果:/User/apple/testfile.txt.jpg
(NSString *)stringByAppendingPathExtension:(NSString *)str;
三、NSData
NSData是用來(lái)包裝數(shù)據(jù)的
NSData存儲(chǔ)的是二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)皇筛,屏蔽了數(shù)據(jù)之間的差異琉历,文本、音頻、圖像等數(shù)據(jù)都可用NSData來(lái)存儲(chǔ)
NSData的用法
1.NSString與NSData互相轉(zhuǎn)換
NSData-> NSString NSString *aString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:adataencoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString->NSData NSString *aString = @"1234abcd";
NSData *aData = [aString dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];
- 將data類(lèi)型的數(shù)據(jù),轉(zhuǎn)成UTF8的數(shù)據(jù)
+(NSString *)dataToUTF8String:(NSData *)data
{
NSString *buf = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return [buf autorelease];
}
- 將string轉(zhuǎn)換為指定編碼
+(NSString *)changeDataToEncodinString:(NSData *)data encodin:(NSStringEncoding )encodin{
NSString *buf = [[[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:encodin] autorelease];
return buf;
}
- NSData 與 UIImage
NSData->UIImage
UIImage *aimage = [UIImage imageWithData: imageData];
//例:從本地文件沙盒中取圖片并轉(zhuǎn)換為NSData
NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath];
NSString *name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"ceshi.png"];
NSString *finalPath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:name];
NSData *imageData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile: finalPath];
UIImage *aimage = [UIImage imageWithData: imageData];
- 3.NSData與NSArray NSDictionary
+(NSString *)getLocalFilePath:(NSString *) fileName
{
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@%@", NSHomeDirectory(),@“Documents”,fileName];
}
- 包括將NSData寫(xiě)進(jìn)Documents目錄
- 從Documents目錄讀取數(shù)據(jù)
- 在進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)通信的時(shí)候旗笔,經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到NSData類(lèi)型的數(shù)據(jù)彪置。在該數(shù)據(jù)是dictionary結(jié)構(gòu)的情況下,系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有提供現(xiàn)成的轉(zhuǎn)換成NSDictionary的方法蝇恶,為此可以通過(guò)Category對(duì)NSDictionary進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展拳魁,以支持從NSData到NSDictionary的轉(zhuǎn)換。聲明和實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
+ (NSDictionary *)dictionaryWithContentsOfData:(NSData *)data {
CFPropertyListRef list = CFPropertyListCreateFromXMLData(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFDataRef)data, kCFPropertyListImmutable, NULL);
if(list == nil) return nil;
if ([(id)list isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {
return [(NSDictionary *)list autorelease];
}
else {
CFRelease(list);
return nil;
}
}
四撮弧、文件管理常用方法
NSFileManager
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文件并寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)
- (BOOL)createFileAtPath:(NSString *)path contents:(NSData *)data attributes:(NSDictionary *)attr;
- 從一個(gè)文件中讀取數(shù)據(jù)
- (NSData *)contentsAtPath:(NSString *)path;
- scrPath路徑上的文件移動(dòng)到dstPath路徑上潘懊,注意這里的路徑是文件路徑而不是目錄
- (BOOL)moveItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **) error;
- scrPath路徑上的文件復(fù)制到dstPath路徑上
- (BOOL)copyItemAtPath:(NSString *)scrPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **) error;
- 比較兩個(gè)文件的內(nèi)容是否一樣
- (BOOL)contentsEqualAtPath:(NSString *)path1 andPath:(NSString *)path2;
- 文件時(shí)候存在
- (BOOL)fileExistsAtPath:(NSString *)path;
- 移除文件
- (BOOL)removeItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError **) error;
- 創(chuàng)建文件管理
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; NSString *path = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"]; NSString *text = @"abcdefg";
- 將字符串轉(zhuǎn)成NSData類(lèi)型
NSData *data = [text dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];
- 寫(xiě)入文件
BOOL success = [fileManager createFileAtPath:path contents:data attributes:nil];
- 創(chuàng)建文件夾
NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"];
NSString *contect = @"abcdefg"; BOOL success = [fm createFileAtPath:filePath contents:[content dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding] attributes:nil];
- NSFileManager-讀取內(nèi)容
NSData *fileData = [fileManager contentsAtPath:filePath]; NSString *content = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:fileData dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];
- NSData-讀取內(nèi)容
NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"]; NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentOfFile:filePath];
- NSString-讀取內(nèi)容
NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"]; NSString *content = [[NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:filePath encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
移動(dòng)、復(fù)制文件
移動(dòng)文件(重命名)
NSString *toPath = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"hellogod/New Testament.txt"]; [fm createDirectoryAtPath:[toPath stringByDeletingLastPathComponent] withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil]; NSError *error; BOOL isSuccess = [fm moveItemAtPath:filePath toPath:toPath error:&error];
- 復(fù)制文件(重命名)
NSString *copyPath = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"備份/Old Testament.txt"]; [fm createDirectoryAtPath:[toPath stringByDeletingLastPathComponent] withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil]; BOOL success = [fm copyItemAtPath:toPath toPath:toPath error:nil];
刪除文件想虎、獲取文件大小
判斷文件是否存在和刪除文件
if([fm fileExistsAtPath]){ if ([fm removeItemAtPath:copyPath]){ NSLog(@"remove success"); }
}
- 獲取文件大小
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
- 獲得文件的屬性字典
NSDictionary *attrDic = [fileManager attributesOfItemAtpath:sourcePath error:nil]; NSNumber *fileSize = [attrDic objectForKey:NSFileSize];
- 獲取目錄文件信息
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; NSString *enuPath = [NSHomeDirectoty( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Test"]; NSDictionaryEnumerator *dirEnum = [fileManager enumeratorAtPath:enuPath]; NSString *path = nil; while ((path = [dirEnum nextObject]} != nil){ NSLog(@"%@",path); }